National Landscape Conservation System
The National Landscape Conservation System (also known as the National Conservation Lands) is a 27-million-acre (110,000 km2) collection of lands in 887 federally recognized areas considered to be the crown jewels of the American West. These lands represent 10% of the 258 million acres (1,040,000 km2) managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). The BLM is the largest federal public land manager and is responsible for over 40% of all the federal public land in the nation. The other major federal public land managers include the US Forest Service (USFS), National Park Service (NPS), and the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS).
Over the years, the Bureau of Land Management has had to adjust its approach to public land management to fit the changing needs of the nation. The BLM historically has managed lands under its jurisdiction for extractive uses, such as mining, logging, grazing, and oil and gas production. In 1983, Congress acknowledged the value of watersheds, wildlife habitat, recreation, scenery, scientific exploration and other non-extractive uses with the designation of the first BLM-managed wilderness area—the Bear Trap Canyon unit of the Lee Metcalf Wilderness in Montana.[1] In 1996, President Clinton underscored non-extractive priorities on BLM lands when he established the first national monument to be administered by the BLM—the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument in southern Utah. With this and several similar designations, a new focus emerged that would become part of how the agency looks at the land it manages: the protection of special areas where conservation and restoration of the landscape and its biological or cultural resources is the overriding objective.
The Bureau of Land Management's National Landscape Conservation System, better known as the National Conservation Lands, was created in 2000 with the mission to "conserve, protect, and restore these nationally significant landscapes that have outstanding cultural, ecological, and scientific values for the benefit of current and future generations."[2]
There are ten different federal conservation designations for the units that make up the National Conservation Lands:
- National Monument
- National Conservation Area
- Wilderness Area
- Wilderness Study Area
- National Wild and Scenic River
- National Scenic Trail
- National Historic Trail
- Cooperative Management and Protection Area
- Forest Reserve
- Outstanding Natural Area
The Conservation System was created in 2000, but without Congressional authorization, there was no guarantee that the System would be permanent. The National Landscape Conservation System Act was signed into law in March 2009. The Act permanently unified the individual units as a public lands System, protecting the System in law so that it would no longer exist at the pleasure of each president. This marked the first new congressionally authorized public lands system in decades.
The Conservation System act was included in the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009, which also added 1,200,000 acres (490,000 ha) of new designations to the System, including a National Monument, three National Conservation Areas, Wilderness, Wild and Scenic Rivers and National Scenic Trails.
List of National Conservation Lands areas
National monuments
These 19 sites, total 6,286,849 acres (2,544,198 ha)[3]
| Monument | State | Established | Federal area | Non-federal area | Total area |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agua Fria | Arizona | 2000 | 70,900 acres (28,700 ha) | 1,444 acres (584 ha) | 72,344 acres (29,277 ha) |
| California Coastal | California | 2000 | 607 acres (246 ha) | 0 | 607 acres (246 ha) |
| Canyons of the Ancients | Colorado | 2000 | 163,892 acres (66,325 ha) | 12,164 acres (4,923 ha) | 176,056 acres (71,247 ha) |
| Carrizo Plain | California | 2001 | 207,237 acres (83,866 ha) | 39,575 acres (16,015 ha) | 246,812 acres (99,881 ha) |
| Cascade–Siskiyou | Oregon | 2000 | 54,657 acres (22,119 ha) | 32,117 acres (12,997 ha) | 86,774 acres (35,116 ha) |
| Craters of the Moon | Idaho | 2000 | 727,525 acres (294,419 ha) | 14,801 acres (5,990 ha) | 752,326 acres (304,456 ha) |
| Fort Ord | California | 2012 | 14,651 acres (5,929 ha) | 0 | 14,651 acres (5,929 ha) |
| Grand Canyon-Parashant | Arizona | 2000 | 1,017,200 acres (411,600 ha) | 31,125 acres (12,596 ha) | 1,048,325 acres (424,242 ha) |
| Grand Staircase-Escalante | Utah | 1996 | 1,866,484 acres (755,339 ha) | 13,977 acres (5,656 ha) | 1,880,461 acres (760,996 ha) |
| Ironwood Forest | Arizona | 2000 | 1,286,970 acres (520,820 ha) | 59,922 acres (24,250 ha) | 188,619 acres (76,331 ha) |
| Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks | New Mexico | 2001 | 4,124 acres (1,669 ha) | 1,278 acres (517 ha) | 5,402 acres (2,186 ha) |
| Pompeys Pillar | Montana | 2001 | 51 acres (21 ha) | 0 | 51 acres (21 ha) |
| Prehistoric Trackways | New Mexico | 2009 | 5,255 acres (2,127 ha) | 0 | 5,255 acres (2,127 ha) |
| Rio Grande del Norte | New Mexico | 2013 | 242,555 acres (98,159 ha) | 0 | 242,555 acres (98,159 ha) |
| San Juan Islands | Washington | 2013 | 1,000 acres (400 ha) | 0 | 1,000 acres (400 ha) |
| Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains | California | 2000, 2009 | 177,128 acres (71,681 ha) | 102,943 acres (41,660 ha) | 280,071 acres (113,341 ha) |
| Sonoran Desert | Arizona | 2001 | 486,600 acres (196,900 ha) | 9,800 acres (4,000 ha) | 496,400 acres (200,900 ha) |
| Upper Missouri River Breaks | Montana | 2001 | 374,976 acres (151,747 ha) | 120,475 acres (48,755 ha) | 495,451 acres (200,502 ha) |
| Vermilion Cliffs | Arizona | 2000 | 279,568 acres (113,137 ha) | 14,121 acres (5,715 ha) | 293,689 acres (118,852 ha) |
National conservation areas
These 16 sites, total 3,932,009 acres (1,591,228 ha)[4]
| Conservation Area | State | Established | Federal area | Non-federal area | Total area |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beaver Dam Wash | Utah | 2009 | 64,478 acres (26,093 ha) | 8,619 acres (3,488 ha) | 73,097 acres (29,581 ha) |
| Black Rock Desert – High Rock Canyon Emigrant Trails | Nevada | 2000 | 800,025 acres (323,759 ha) | 16,320 acres (6,600 ha) | 816,345 acres (330,363 ha) |
| Dominguez-Escalante | Colorado | 2009 | 209,610 acres (84,830 ha) | 0 | 209,610 acres (84,830 ha) |
| El Malpais | New Mexico | 1987 | 272,646 acres (110,336 ha) | 20,264 acres (8,201 ha) | 292,910 acres (118,540 ha) |
| Fort Stanton – Snowy River Cave | New Mexico | 2009 | 24,977 acres (10,108 ha) | 2,981 acres (1,206 ha) | 27,968 acres (11,318 ha) |
| Gila Box Riparian | Arizona | 1990 | 21,767 acres (8,809 ha) | 1,720 acres (700 ha) | 23,487 acres (9,505 ha) |
| Gunnison Gorge | Colorado | 1999 | 62,396 acres (25,251 ha) | 1,673 acres (677 ha) | 65,069 acres (26,332 ha) |
| King Range | California | 1970 | 56,167 acres (22,730 ha) | 6,320 acres (2,560 ha) | 62,487 acres (25,288 ha) |
| Las Cienegas | Arizona | 2000 | 41,972 acres (16,985 ha) | 5,307 acres (2,148 ha) | 47,279 acres (19,133 ha) |
| McInnis Canyons | Colorado | 2000 | 122,929 acres (49,748 ha) | 1,236 acres (500 ha) | 124,165 acres (50,248 ha) |
| Red Cliffs | Utah | 2009 | 44,825 acres (18,140 ha) | 16,397 acres (6,636 ha) | 61,222 acres (24,776 ha) |
| Red Rock Canyon | Nevada | 1990 | 198,065 acres (80,154 ha) | 0 | 198,065 acres (80,154 ha) |
| San Pedro Riparian | Arizona | 1988 | 55,495 acres (22,458 ha) | 2,505 acres (1,014 ha) | 58,000 acres (23,000 ha) |
| Sloan Canyon | Nevada | 2002 | 48,438 acres (19,602 ha) | 81 acres (33 ha) | 48,519 acres (19,635 ha) |
| Snake River Birds of Prey | Idaho | 1993 | 486,741 acres (196,977 ha) | 144,377 acres (58,427 ha) | 601,018 acres (243,223 ha) |
| Steese | Alaska | 1980 | 1,208,624 acres (489,113 ha) | 14,144 acres (5,724 ha) | 1,222,738 acres (494,825 ha) |
BLM wilderness areas
See also: National Wilderness Preservation System
These 221 sites, total 8,736,691 acres (3,535,613 ha), excludes wilderness associated with the U.S. Forest Service, National Park Service and other agencies[5]
| Wilderness area | State | Established | BLM area |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agua Tibia | California | 2009 | 538 acres (218 ha) |
| Aravaipa Canyon | Arizona | 1984 | 19,700 acres (8,000 ha) |
| Argus Range | California | 1994 | 65,726 acres (26,598 ha) |
| Arrastra Mountain | Arizona | 1990 | 129,800 acres (52,500 ha) |
| Arrow Canyon | Nevada | 2002 | 27,530 acres (11,140 ha) |
| Aubrey Peak | Arizona | 1990 | 15,440 acres (6,250 ha) |
| Baboquivari Peak | Arizona | 1990 | 2,040 acres (830 ha) |
| Beaver Dam Mountains | Arizona, Utah | 1984 | 18,667 acres (7,554 ha) |
| Becky Peak | Nevada | 2006 | 18,119 acres (7,332 ha) |
| Beauty Mountain | California | 2009 | 15,627 acres (6,324 ha) |
| Big Horn Mountains | Arizona | 1990 | 21,000 acres (8,500 ha) |
| Big Maria Mountains | California | 1994 | 45,384 acres (18,366 ha) |
| Big Rocks | Nevada | 2004 | 12,930 acres (5,230 ha) |
| Bigelow Cholla Garden | California | 1994 | 14,645 acres (5,927 ha) |
| Big Jacks Creek | Idaho | 2009 | 52,926 acres (21,418 ha) |
| Bighorn Mountain | California | 1994 | 26,542 acres (10,741 ha) |
| Bisti/De-Na-Zin | New Mexico | 1984 | 38,305 acres (15,501 ha) |
| Black Mountain | California | 1994 | 20,548 acres (8,315 ha) |
| Black Ridge | Utah | 2009 | 13,108 acres (5,305 ha) |
| Black Ridge Canyons | Colorado, Utah | 2000 | 75,418 acres (30,521 ha) |
| Black Rock Desert | Nevada | 2000 | 314,835 acres (127,409 ha) |
| Bright Star | California | 1994 | 8,190 acres (3,310 ha) |
| Bristlecone | Nevada | 2006 | 14,095 acres (5,704 ha) |
| Bristol Mountains | California | 1994 | 71,385 acres (28,888 ha) |
| Bruneau-Jarbridge | Idaho | 2009 | 89,996 acres (36,420 ha) |
| Cache Creek | California | 2006 | 27,294 acres (11,045 ha) |
| Cadiz Dunes | California | 1994 | 27,294 acres (11,045 ha) |
| Calico Mountains | Nevada | 2000 | 64,968 acres (26,292 ha) |
| Canaan Mountain | Utah | 2009 | 44,447 acres (17,987 ha) |
| Carrizo Gorge | California | 1994 | 14,741 acres (5,965 ha) |
| Cebolla | New Mexico | 1987 | 61,600 acres (24,900 ha) |
| Cedar Mountain | Utah | 99,428 acres (40,237 ha) | |
| Cedar Roughs | California | 2006 | 6,287 acres (2,544 ha) |
| Chemehuevi Mountains | California | 1994 | 85,840 acres (34,740 ha) |
| Chimney Peak | California | 1994 | 13,140 acres (5,320 ha) |
| Chuckwalla Mountains | California | 1994, 2009 | 112,326 acres (45,457 ha) |
| Cleghorn Lakes | California | 1994 | 39,165 acres (15,850 ha) |
| Clipper Mountain | California | 1994 | 33,844 acres (13,696 ha) |
| Clover Mountains | Nevada | 2004 | 85,668 acres (34,669 ha) |
| Coso Range | California | 1994 | 49,274 acres (19,940 ha) |
| Cottonwood Canyon | Utah | 2009 | 11,667 acres (4,721 ha) |
| Cottonwood Point | Arizona | 1984 | 6,860 acres (2,780 ha) |
| Cougar Canyon | Utah | 2009 | 10,648 acres (4,309 ha) |
| Coyote Mountains | Arizona | 1990 | 5,100 acres (2,100 ha) |
| Coyote Mountains | California | 1994 | 18,630 acres (7,540 ha) |
| Darwin Falls | California | 1994 | 8,190 acres (3,310 ha) |
| Dead Mountains | California | 1994 | 47,157 acres (19,084 ha) |
| Deep Creek | Utah | 2009 | 3,291 acres (1,332 ha) |
| Deep Creek North | Utah | 2009 | 4,478 acres (1,812 ha) |
| Delamar Mountains | Nevada | 2004 | 111,066 acres (44,947 ha) |
| Doc's Pass | Utah | 2009 | 18,216 acres (7,372 ha) |
| Domeland | California | 1994 | 39,379 acres (15,936 ha) |
| Dominguez Canyon | Colorado | 2009 | 66,280 acres (26,820 ha) |
| Dos Cabezas Mountains | Arizona | 1990 | 11,700 acres (4,700 ha) |
| Eagletail Mountains | Arizona | 1990 | 97,880 acres (39,610 ha) |
| East Cactus Plain | Arizona | 1990 | 14,630 acres (5,920 ha) |
| East Fork High Rock Canyon | Nevada | 2000 | 53,618 acres (21,698 ha) |
| El Dorado | Nevada | 2002 | 5,700 acres (2,300 ha) |
| El Paso Mountains | California | 1994 | 23,669 acres (9,579 ha) |
| Far South Egans | Nevada | 2004 | 36,299 acres (14,690 ha) |
| Fish Creek Mountains | California | 1994 | 21,388 acres (8,655 ha) |
| Fishhooks | Arizona | 1990 | 10,500 acres (4,200 ha) |
| Fortification Range | Nevada | 2004 | 30,539 acres (12,359 ha) |
| Frank Church-River of No Return | Idaho | 1980 | 802 acres (325 ha) (BLM only) |
| Funeral Mountains | California | 1994 | 25,708 acres (10,404 ha) |
| Gibraltar Mountain | Arizona | 1990 | 18,790 acres (7,600 ha) |
| Golden Valley | California | 1994 | 36,478 acres (14,762 ha) |
| Goose Creek | Utah | 2009 | 93 acres (38 ha) |
| Goshute Canyon | Nevada | 2006 | 42,544 acres (17,217 ha) |
| Government Peak | Nevada | 2006 | 6,313 acres (2,555 ha) |
| Grand Wash Cliffs | Arizona | 1984 | 37,030 acres (14,990 ha) |
| Granite Mountain | California | 2009 | 34,159 acres (13,824 ha) |
| Grass Valley | California | 1994 | 30,121 acres (12,190 ha) |
| Gunnison Gorge | Colorado | 1999 | 17,784 acres (7,197 ha) |
| Harcuvar Mountains | Arizona | 1990 | 25,050 acres (10,140 ha) |
| Harquahala Mountains | Arizona | 1990 | 22,880 acres (9,260 ha) |
| Hassayampa River Canyon | Arizona | 1990 | 12,300 acres (5,000 ha) |
| Hells Canyon | Arizona | 1990 | 9,951 acres (4,027 ha) |
| Hells Canyon | Oregon | 1984 | 946 acres (383 ha) (BLM only) |
| Highland Ridge | Nevada | 2006 | 68,623 acres (27,771 ha) |
| High Rock Canyon | Nevada | 2000 | 46,465 acres (18,804 ha) |
| High Rock Lake | Nevada | 2000 | 59,107 acres (23,920 ha) |
| Hollow Hills | California | 1994 | 22,046 acres (8,922 ha) |
| Hummingbird Springs | Arizona | 1990 | 31,200 acres (12,600 ha) |
| Ibex | California | 1994 | 28,821 acres (11,663 ha) |
| Indian Pass | California | 1994 | 32,418 acres (13,119 ha) |
| Inyo Mountains | California | 1994 | 125,060 acres (50,610 ha) |
| Ireteba Peaks | Nevada | 2002 | 10,446 acres (4,227 ha) |
| Ishi | California | 1984 | 240 acres (97 ha) |
| Jacumba | California | 1994 | 31,357 acres (12,690 ha) |
| Jumbo Springs | Nevada | 2002 | 4,631 acres (1,874 ha) |
| Juniper Dunes | Washington | 1984 | 7,140 acres (2,890 ha) |
| Kanab Creek | Arizona | 1984 | 6,700 acres (2,700 ha) |
| Kelso Dunes | California | 1994 | 144,915 acres (58,645 ha) |
| Kiavah | California | 1994 | 40,957 acres (16,575 ha) |
| Kingston Range | California | 1994 | 199,598 acres (80,774 ha) |
| King Range | California | 2006 | 42,694 acres (17,278 ha) |
| La Madre Mountain | Nevada | 2002 | 27,867 acres (11,277 ha) |
| La Verkin Creek | Utah | 2009 | 453 acres (183 ha) |
| Lee Metcalf | Montana | 1983 | 6,347 acres (2,569 ha) |
| Lime Canyon | Nevada | 2002 | 23,234 acres (9,402 ha) |
| Little Chuckwalla Mountains | California | 1994 | 28,034 acres (11,345 ha) |
| Little High Rock Canyon | Nevada | 2000 | 48,355 acres (19,569 ha) |
| Little Jacks Creen | Idaho | 2009 | 50,929 acres (20,610 ha) |
| Little Picacho | California | 1994 | 38,214 acres (15,465 ha) |
| Lower White River | Oregon | 2009 | 1,063 acres (430 ha) |
| Machesna Mountain | California | 1984 | 122 acres (49 ha) |
| Malpais Mesa | California | 1994 | 31,905 acres (12,911 ha) |
| Manly Peak | California | 1994 | 12,895 acres (5,218 ha) |
| Meadow Valley Range | Nevada | 2004 | 123,508 acres (49,982 ha) |
| Mecca Hills | California | 1994 | 26,242 acres (10,620 ha) |
| Mesquite | California | 1994 | 44,805 acres (18,132 ha) |
| Mormon Mountains | Nevada | 2004 | 157,716 acres (63,825 ha) |
| Mount Charleston | Nevada | 2002 | 2,142 acres (867 ha) |
| Mount Irish | Nevada | 2004 | 28,274 acres (11,442 ha) |
| Mount Logan | Arizona | 1984 | 14,650 acres (5,930 ha) |
| Mount Moriah | Nevada | 1989 | 8,708 acres (3,524 ha) |
| Mount Nutt | Arizona | 1990 | 28,080 acres (11,360 ha) |
| Mount Tipton | Arizona | 1989 | 31,380 acres (12,700 ha) |
| Mount Trumbull | Arizona | 1984 | 7,880 acres (3,190 ha) |
| Mount Wilson | Arizona | 1990 | 23,900 acres (9,700 ha) |
| Muddy Mountains | Nevada | 2002 | 44,576 acres (18,039 ha) |
| Muggins Mountains | Arizona | 1990 | 7,711 acres (3,121 ha) |
| Needle's Eye | Arizona | 1990 | 8,760 acres (3,550 ha) |
| New Water Mountains | Arizona | 1990 | 24,600 acres (10,000 ha) |
| Newberry Mountains | California | 1994 | 26,102 acres (10,563 ha) |
| North Fork Owyhee | Idaho | 2009 | 43,413 acres (17,569 ha) |
| Nopah Range | California | 1994 | 106,620 acres (43,150 ha) |
| North Algodones Dunes | California | 1994 | 25,895 acres (10,479 ha) |
| North Black Rock Range | Nevada | 2000 | 30,648 acres (12,403 ha) |
| North Jackson Mountains | Nevada | 2000 | 23,439 acres (9,485 ha) |
| North Maricopa Mountains | Arizona | 1990 | 6,320 acres (2,560 ha) |
| North McCullough | Nevada | 2002 | 14,764 acres (5,975 ha) |
| North Mesquite Mountains | California | 1994 | 28,955 acres (11,718 ha) |
| North Santa Teresa | Arizona | 1990 | 5,800 acres (2,300 ha) |
| Ojito | New Mexico | 2005 | 11,183 acres (4,526 ha) |
| Old Woman Mountains | California | 1994 | 163,616 acres (66,213 ha) |
| Oregon Badlands | Oregon | 2009 | 29,261 acres (11,842 ha) |
| Orocopia Mountains | California | 1994, 2009 | 55,614 acres (22,506 ha) |
| Otay Mountain | California | 1994 | 1,685 acres (682 ha) |
| Owens Peak | California | 1994 | 73,797 acres (29,865 ha) |
| Owyhee River | Idaho | 2009 | 267,328 acres (108,184 ha) |
| Pahrump Valley | California | 1994 | 73,724 acres (29,835 ha) |
| Pahute Peak | Nevada | 2000 | 56,890 acres (23,020 ha) |
| Paiute | Arizona | 1984 | 87,900 acres (35,600 ha) |
| Palen/McCoy | California | 1984, 2009 | 259,009 acres (104,817 ha) |
| Palo Verde Mountains | California | 1994 | 30,562 acres (12,368 ha) |
| Paria Canyon-Vermilion Cliffs | Arizona, Utah | 1984 | 110,722 acres (44,808 ha) |
| Parsnip Peak | Nevada | 2004 | 43,512 acres (17,609 ha) |
| Peloncillo Mountains | Arizona | 1990 | 19,440 acres (7,870 ha) |
| Picacho Peak | California | 1994 | 8,858 acres (3,585 ha) |
| Pinto Mountains | California | 2009 | 24,374 acres (9,864 ha) |
| Piper Mountain | California | 1994 | 72,191 acres (29,215 ha) |
| Piute Mountains | California | 1994 | 48,080 acres (19,460 ha) |
| Powderhorn | Colorado | 1993 | 47,980 acres (19,420 ha) |
| Rainbow Mountain | Nevada | 2002 | 20,313 acres (8,220 ha) |
| Rawhide Mountains | Arizona | 1990 | 38,470 acres (15,570 ha) |
| Red Butte | Utah | 2009 | 1,535 acres (621 ha) |
| Red Mountain | Utah | 2009 | 18,689 acres (7,563 ha) |
| Redfield Canyon | Arizona | 1990 | 6,600 acres (2,700 ha) |
| Resting Spring Range | California | 1994 | 76,309 acres (30,881 ha) |
| Rice Valley | California | 1994 | 41,766 acres (16,902 ha) |
| Riverside Mountains | California | 1994 | 24,004 acres (9,714 ha) |
| Rocks and Islands | California | 2006 | 19 acres (7.7 ha) |
| Rodman Mountains | California | 1994 | 34,320 acres (13,890 ha) |
| Sacatar Trail | California | 1994 | 50,440 acres (20,410 ha) |
| Saddle Peak Hills | California | 1994 | 1,530 acres (620 ha) |
| San Gorgonio | California | 1994 | 39,231 acres (15,876 ha) |
| Santa Lucia | California | 1978 | 1,807 acres (731 ha) |
| Santa Rosa | California | 1994, 2009 | 60,917 acres (24,652 ha) |
| Sawtooth Mountains | California | 1994 | 33,610 acres (13,600 ha) |
| Sheephole Valley | California | 1994 | 187,516 acres (75,885 ha) |
| Sierra Estrella | Arizona | 1990 | 14,400 acres (5,800 ha) |
| Signal Mountain | Arizona | 1990 | 13,350 acres (5,400 ha) |
| Slaughter Creek | Utah | 2009 | 4,047 acres (1,638 ha) |
| South Egan Range | Nevada | 2006 | 67,214 acres (27,201 ha) |
| South Fork Eel River | California | 2006 | 12,867 acres (5,207 ha) |
| South Jackson Mountains | Nevada | 2000 | 54,536 acres (22,070 ha) |
| South Maricopa Mountains | Arizona | 1990 | 60,100 acres (24,300 ha) |
| South McCullough | Nevada | 2002 | 44,244 acres (17,905 ha) |
| South Nopah Range | California | 1994 | 17,060 acres (6,900 ha) |
| South Pahroc Range | Nevada | 2004 | 25,671 acres (10,389 ha) |
| Spirit Mountain | Nevada | 2002 | 605 acres (245 ha) |
| Spring Basin | Oregon | 2009 | 6,378 acres (2,581 ha) |
| Stateline | California | 1994 | 6,963 acres (2,818 ha) |
| Steens Mountain | Oregon | 2000 | 170,166 acres (68,864 ha) |
| Stepladder Mountains | California | 1994 | 83,204 acres (33,671 ha) |
| Surprise Canyon | California | 1994 | 24,429 acres (9,886 ha) |
| Swansea | Arizona | 1990 | 16,400 acres (6,600 ha) |
| Sylvania Mountains | California | 1994 | 18,682 acres (7,560 ha) |
| Table Rock | Oregon | 1984 | 5,781 acres (2,339 ha) |
| Table Top | Arizona | 1990 | 34,400 acres (13,900 ha) |
| Taylor Creek | Utah | 2009 | 35 acres (14 ha) |
| Tres Alamos | Arizona | 1990 | 8,300 acres (3,400 ha) |
| Trigo Mountains | Arizona | 1990 | 30,300 acres (12,300 ha) |
| Trilobite | California | 1994 | 37,308 acres (15,098 ha) |
| Tunnel Spring | Nevada | 2004 | 5,341 acres (2,161 ha) |
| Turtle Mountains | California | 1994 | 177,209 acres (71,714 ha) |
| Uncompahgre | Colorado | 1993 | 3,390 acres (1,370 ha) |
| Upper Burro Creek | Arizona | 1990 | 27,440 acres (11,100 ha) |
| Ventana | California | 2002 | 720 acres (290 ha) |
| Wabayuma Peak | Arizona | 1990 | 38,944 acres (15,760 ha) |
| Warm Springs | Arizona | 1990 | 38,944 acres (15,760 ha) |
| Wee Thump Joshua Tree | Nevada | 2002 | 6,050 acres (2,450 ha) |
| Weepah Spring | Nevada | 2004 | 24,249 acres (9,813 ha) |
| West Malpais | New Mexico | 1987 | 39,540 acres (16,000 ha) |
| Whipple Mountains | California | 1994 | 76,122 acres (30,805 ha) |
| White Canyon | Arizona | 1990 | 5,790 acres (2,340 ha) |
| White Rock Range | Nevada | 2004 | 24,249 acres (9,813 ha) |
| Wild Rogue | Oregon | 1978 | 8,595 acres (3,478 ha) |
| Woolsey Peak | Arizona | 1990 | 64,000 acres (26,000 ha) |
| Worthington Mountains | Nevada | 2004 | 30,594 acres (12,381 ha) |
| Yolla Bolly-Middle Eel | California | 1984 | 8,512 acres (3,445 ha) (BLM only) |
| Yuki Wilderness | California | 2006 | 17,195 acres (6,959 ha) |
Wilderness study areas
Main article: List of wilderness study areas
See also: National Wilderness Preservation System
There are 545 wilderness study areas with a total area of 12,790,291 acres (5,176,047 ha).[6]
National historic trails
See also: National Trails System
These 11 sites, total 5,343 miles (8,599 km)[7]
Distances and states are noted for BLM lands only.
| Historic trail | BLM states | BLM distance |
|---|---|---|
| California | CA, ID, NV, OR, UT, WY | 1,493 miles (2,403 km) |
| El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro | NM | 60 miles (97 km) |
| Iditarod | AK | 418 miles (673 km) |
| Juan Bautista de Anza | AZ, CA | 103 miles (166 km) |
| Lewis and Clark | ID, MT | 369 miles (594 km) |
| Mormon Pioneer | WY | 498 miles (801 km) |
| Nez Perce | ID, MT, WY | 70 miles (110 km) |
| Old Spanish | AZ, CA, CO, NV, NM, UT | 887 miles (1,427 km) |
| Oregon | ID, OR, WY | 848 miles (1,365 km) |
| Pony Express | NV, UT, WY | 596 miles (959 km) |
National scenic trails
See also: National Trails System
5 units, total 668 miles (1,075 km)[7]
Distances and states are noted for BLM lands only.
| Scenic trail | BLM states | BLM distance |
|---|---|---|
| Arizona | AZ | 31 miles (50 km) |
| Continental Divide | CO, ID, MT, NM, WY | 389 miles (626 km) |
| Pacific Crest | CA, OR | 233 miles (375 km) |
| Pacific Northwest | WA | 12 miles (19 km) |
| Potomac Heritage | MD | 3 miles (4.8 km) |
National wild and scenic rivers
These 38 sites, total 2,061 miles (3,317 km)
See List of National Wild and Scenic Rivers
Other
These 6 sites total 504,880 acres (204,320 ha) (note: more sites exist than are listed here)
| Site | State | Established | Federal area | Non-Federal area | Total area |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Devil's Garden Outstanding Natural Area | Utah | 1979 | 640 acres (260 ha)[8] | 0 | 640 acres (260 ha) |
| Headwaters Forest Reserve | California | 1999 | 7,472 acres (3,024 ha)[9] | 0 | 7,472 acres (3,024 ha) |
| Jupiter Inlet Lighthouse Outstanding Natural Area | Florida | 2008 | 120 acres (49 ha)[10] | 0 | 120 acres (49 ha) |
| Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area | California | 2008 | 476 acres (193 ha)[11] | 0 | 476 acres (193 ha) |
| Steens Mountain Cooperative Management and Protection Area | Oregon | 2000 | 428,156 acres (173,269 ha)[12] | 67,921 acres (27,487 ha) | 496,077 acres (200,755 ha) |
| Yaquina Head Outstanding Natural Area | Oregon | 1980 | 95 acres (38 ha) | 0 | 95 acres (38 ha) |
See also
References
- ↑ wilderness.net
- ↑ National Landscape Conservation System, U.S. Bureau of Land Management accessed 2-28-06
- ↑ "National Landscape Conservation System National Monuments" (PDF). U.S. Bureau of Land Management. April 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
- ↑ "National Landscape Conservation System Conservation Areas and Similar Designations" (PDF). U.S. Bureau of Land Management. December 2010. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
- ↑ "National Landscape Conservation System- Wilderness Areas" (PDF). U.S. Bureau of Land Management. December 2010. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
- ↑ "National Landscape Conservation System - Wilderness Study Areas" (PDF). Bureau of Land Management. December 2009. Retrieved October 13, 2012.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "National Landscape Conservation System: National Historic and Scenic Trails" (PDF). U.S. Bureau of Land Management. December 2010. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
- ↑ "Devils Garden...Size: 640 acres". BLM. 1 Nov 2013. Retrieved 6 Mar 2014.
- ↑ "Headwaters Forest Reserve...7,472 acres". BLM. 7 Feb 2014. Retrieved 6 Mar 2014.
- ↑ "Jupiter Inlet Lighthouse Outstanding Natural Area...120-acre site". BLM. 16 Jan 2014. Retrieved 6 Mar 2014.
- ↑ "Piedras Blancas Light Station Outstanding Natural Area...476 acre". BLM. 19 Feb 2014. Retrieved 6 Mar 2014.
- ↑ "Steens Mountain Cooperative Management & Protection Area...428,156 acres of public land". BLM. Retrieved 6 Mar 2014.
External links
- BLM.gov: Official National Landscape Conservation System website
- BLM.gov: Complete list of wilderness study areas
- Conservation Lands Foundation
- Americanhiking.org: American Hiking Society Western Public Lands Initiative