National Association of the Motion Picture Industry

The National Association of the Motion Picture Industry (NAMPI) was a regulatory body created by the Hollywood studios in 1916 to answer demands of censorship.[1][2][3] The system consisted of a series of "Thirteen Points", a list of subjects and storylines they promised to avoid.[1] The organization tried to prevent New York from becoming the first state with its own censorship board in 1921, but failed.[4] NAMPI was ineffective and was replaced when the studio hired Will H. Hays to oversee censorship in 1922.[5]

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1980/2/1980_2_12.shtml
  2. ↑ http://www.filmreference.com/encyclopedia/Academy-Awards-Crime-Films/Censorship-AMERICAN-FILM-CENSORSHIP.html
  3. ↑ Butters. pg. 149
  4. ↑ Black. pg. 30
  5. ↑ Doherty. pg. 6

References

  • Black, Gregory D. Hollywood Censored: Morality Codes, Catholics, and the Movies. Cambridge University Press 1996 ISBN 0-521-56592-8
  • Butters, Gerard R. Banned in Kansas: motion picture censorship, 1915-1966. University of Missouri Press 2007
  • Doherty, Thomas Patrick. Pre-Code Hollywood: Sex, Immorality, and Insurrection in American Cinema 1930-1934. New York: Columbia University Press 1999. ISBN 0-231-11094-4
  • Wittern-Keller, Laura. Freedom of the Screen: Legal Challenges to State Film Censorship, 1915-1981. University Press of Kentucky 2008 ISBN 978-0-8131-2451-3