Nadela
| Nadela (Надела) | |
|---|---|
| Origin | Canal Danube-Tisa-Danube, at Botoš, Vojvodina, Serbia |
| Mouth | Danube, at Ivanovo, Vojvodina, Serbia |
| Basin countries | Serbia |
| Length | 81 km |
| Source elevation | 73 m |
The Nadela or Nadel (Serbian Cyrillic: Надела or Надел) is a system of canals and rivers in northern Serbia, an 81 km-long right tributary to the Danube in the Banat region of the Vojvodina province.
Course
The Nadela originates from the Botoš sluice gate on the Canal Danube-Tisa-Danube-Tamiš crossing, at an altitude of 73 m. This is just the first of the many sluice gates on the river's course (Tomaševac, Uzdin, Putnikovo, Kovačica, Debeljača) which channel the waters into the southern direction.
Near the village of Uzdin, Nadela's waters are used for the Uzdin fish pond. Until Debeljača the Nadela (in this section also called Veliki kanal or big canal) flows as the real river, but after the Debeljača catchment for the purpose of irrigation, the river shrinks in terms of volume and discharge to the level of a brooklet, which combined with the use of water for industry in Jabuka and Pančevo down the stream and small inclination of the watershed (mouth at 68 m) means that without sluice gates pumps to push the water, the river would stop flowing.
The Nadela continues to the south, close to the villages (each with its own sluice gate) of Crepaja, Jabuka, the town of Pančevo, Starčevo, Omoljica and Ivanovo, where it empties into the Danube, creating an ada (river island), Ivanovo Ostrvo.
The Nadela receives several tributaries and canals, mostly in its latter section: Verovac, Dolovački Begej, Crepajski kanal, Srednji Begej, Ponjavica, etc. It belongs to the Black Sea drainage basin and it is not navigable.
Hydrosystem
The whole course of the Nadela is organized as one hydrosystem. Water is mostly used for irrigation of some 45 square kilometres of arable land and for the use in industrial facilities in Jabuka and Pančevo. The river is also used as a drainage canal for the industrial waters (especially from the heavily industrialized Pančevo) which results in the Nadela's extreme pollution in the lower course.
A series of sluice gates serve for several purposes:
- in upper part of the course, to prevent the waters of the Tamiš to spill over during high water levels in rainy years.
- in central part, to prevent the Nadela to spill over itself, during rainy periods and abundance of underground waters.
- in southern part, to prevent the waters of the Danube to spill over during high water levels and to constantly regulate inverse flow of the Danube waters as a result of the Đerdap hydroelectric power plant construction.