Naïve art
Naïve art is a classification of art that is often characterized by a childlike simplicity in its subject matter and technique. While many naïve artists appear, from their works, to have little or no formal art training, this is often not true. The words "naïve" and "primitive" are regarded as pejoratives and are, therefore, avoided by many.[1]
Characteristics
Naïve art[2] is often seen as outsider art which is without a formal (or little) training or degree. While this was true before the twentieth century, there are now academies for naïve art. Naïve art is now a fully recognized art genre, represented in art galleries worldwide.
The characteristics of naïve art are an awkward relationship to the formal qualities of painting, especially non-respect of the three rules of the perspective (such as defined by the Progressive Painters of the Renaissance):
- decrease of the size of objects proportionally with distance,
- muting of colors with distance,
- decrease of the precision of details with distance,
The results are:
- effects of perspective geometrically erroneous (awkward aspect of the works, children's drawings look, or medieval painting look, but the comparison stops there)
- strong use of pattern, unrefined color on all the plans of the composition, without enfeeblement in the background,
- an equal accuracy brought to details, including those of the background which should be shaded off.
Simplicity rather than subtlety are all supposed markers of naïve art. It has, however, become such a popular and recognizable style that many examples could be called pseudo-naïve.
Whereas naïve art ideally describes the work of an artist who did not receive formal education in an art school or academy, for example Henri Rousseau or Alfred Wallis, 'pseudo naïve' or 'faux naïve' art describes the work of an artist working in a more imitative or self-conscious mode and whose work can be seen as more imitative than original.
"Primitive art" is another term often applied to art by those without formal training, but is historically more often applied to work from certain cultures that have been judged socially or technologically "primitive" by Western academia, such as Native American, subsaharan African or Pacific Island art (see Tribal art). This is distinguished from the self-conscious, "primitive" inspired movement primitivism. Another term related to (but not completely synonymous with) naïve art is folk art.
There also exist the terms "naïvism" and "primitivism" which are usually applied to professional painters working in the style of naïve art (like Paul Gauguin, Mikhail Larionov, Paul Klee).[3]
Artists
18th century
- Joshua Johnson (1763-1824)
- Edward Hicks (1780–1849)
- Oluf Braren (1787–1839)
- Justus DaLee (1793–1878)
19th century
- Peter Rindisbacher (1806–1834) American, b. Switzerland
- James Bard (1815–1897)[4]
- Denys Corbet (1826–1910)
- Nikola Obrasopissez (1827–1911)
- Ferdinand Cheval, known as 'le facteur Cheval' (1836–1924)
- Olof Krans (1838-1916)
- Cándido López (1840–1902)
- Henri Rousseau (1844–1910)
- Alfred Wallis (1855–1942)
- Grandma Moses, Anna Mary Robertson (1860–1961)
- John Kane (1860–1934)
- Louis Vivin (1861–1936)
- Niko Pirosmani (1862–1918)
- Séraphine Louis, known as 'Séraphine de Senlis' (1864–1942)
- André Bauchant (1873–1958)
- Arnold Kramer (1882–1976)
- Camille Bombois (1883–1970)
- Jules Lefranc (1887–1972)
- L. S. Lowry (1887–1976)
- Horace Pippin (1888–1946)
- Mirko Virius (1889–1943) Croatia
- Scottie Wilson (1890–1972)
- Henry Darger (1892–1973)
- Miguel García Vivancos (1895–1972)
- Teofil Ociepka (1891–1978)
- Henry Stockley (1892–1982), Great Britain
- Bárbaro Rivas (1893–1967) Venezuela
- Jon Serl (1894-1993) United States
- Nikifor (1895–1968) Poland
- Ilija Bašičević (1895–1972)
- Theora Hamblett (1895–1977)
- Shalom Moskovitz, known as 'Shalom of Z’fat' (1895–1980)
- Antonio Ligabue (1899–1965)
- Lyubov' Majkova (1899-1998) Russia
20th century
- Kateryna Bilokur (1900-1961) Ukraine
- Krsto Hegedušić (1901–1975) Croatia
- Karl Nolde (aka Kanol) 1902-1994)
- Ivy Langton (1904-1988) England [5]
- Nan Phelps (1904–1990) American
- Petronėlė Gerlikienė (1905–1979)
- Ethel Wright Mohamed (1906-1992) American
- Janko Brašić (1906–1994)
- Nina Barka (Marie Smirsky) (1908–1986)
- Stan Ioan Pătraş (1908–1977) Romania
- Maria Pryimachenko (1908–1997) Ukraine
- Konstantin Rodko (1908–1995)
- Yeshayahu Sheinfeld (1909-1979) Israel[6]
- Heinz Seelig (1909–1992) Israel
- Franjo Mraz (1910–1981) Hlebine, Croatia
- Arthur Villeneuve (1910–1990)
- Jan Balet (1913–2009)
- Ivan Generalić (1914–1992) Hlebine, Croatia
- Mary Nohl (1914–2001) Fox Point, Wisconsin
- Norman Neasom (1915–2010)
- Elena Volkova (1915–2013)
- Howard Finster (1916–2001)
- Siegfried L. Kratochwil (1916–2005) Austria
- Markey Robinson (1918–1999)
- Ivan Večenaj (1920–2013) Croatia
- Ivan Rabuzin (1921–2008) Croatia
- Dragiša Stanisavljević (b. 1921)
- Gesner Abelard (b. 1922)
- Bracha Turner (b. 1922)
- Fred Yates (1922–2008)
- Préfète Duffaut (b. 1923)
- Frédéric Bruly Bouabré (b. 1923)
- Zuzana Chalupová (1925–2001) Kovačica (Vojvodina) Serbia
- Ferenc Kalmar (b. 1928)
- Mokarrameh Ghanbari (1928–2005) Iran
- Bryan Pearce (1929–2007)
- Chaibia Talal (1929–2004)
- George Fredericks (b. 1929)
- Dragan Gaži (1930-1983) Croatia
- Fred Aris (1932-2012)
- Ivan Lacković Croata (1932–2004) Croatia
- Bunleua Sulilat (1932–1996)
- Petar Grgec (1933–2006) Croatia
- Michel Delacroix (b. 1933) France
- Josip Generalić (1935–2004) Hlebine, Croatia
- Mijo Kovačić (1935– ) Croatia
- Manuel Lepe Macedo (1936–1984)
- Alžbeta Čižikova (b. 1936) Kovacica, Serbia
- Katya Medvedeva (b. 1937)
- Jan Bacur (b. 1937) Serbia
- Radi Nedelchev (b. 1938)
- Dimitar Vetsin (b. 1950) Bulgaria[7]
- Bob Justin (b. 1941)
- Marci Markov (b. 1942) Padina, Serbia
- Jan Husarik (b. 1942) Padina, Serbia
- Mario Perez (b. 1943)
- Manuel Mendive (b. 1944) Cuba
- Robert-Émile Fortin (1945–2004) Canada
- José Rodríguez Fuster (b. 1946) Cuba
- Derold Page (b. 1947)
- Dobrosav Milojevic (b. 1948) Serbia[8]
- Mary Michael Shelley (b. 1950)
- Ferreira Louis Marius (b. 1953)
- Clóvis Júnior (b. 1965) Brazil
- Roberto Dotoli (1954-1987) Brazil
- Jan Glozik (b. 1957) Kovacica, Serbia
- Guido Vedovato (b. 1961) Italy
- Alyona Azernaya (b. 1966) Russia
- Peter Smith (b. 1967)
- Paulina Constancia (b. 1970) Philippines
- Navitrolla (b. 1970) Estonia
- Claudia Vecchiarelli (1978–2009) Italy
- Daniel Johnston (b. 1961) Austin, Texas
Museums and galleries
- Belgium
- Brazil
- International Museum of Naive Art of Brazil in Cosme Velho, Rio de Janeiro
- Gallery Jacques Ardies in São Paulo
- Canada
- Croatia
- Croatian Museum of Naïve Art in Zagreb[9]
- Gallery of Croatian Naïve Art in Zagreb[10]
- Croatian Naive Art Museum in Hlebine
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Musée international d'Art naïf Anatole Jakovsky in Nice[11]
- Musée d'Art Naïf - Max Fourny in Paris
- International Museum of Naive Art in Vicq (near Versailles)[12]
- Museum of Naive Art in Beraut (near Toulouse)
- Germany
- Museum Charlotte Zander in Bönnigheim
- Gesellschaft für Naive Kunst in Hannover
- Hungary
- Israel
- Latvia
- Naive Art Museum of Latvia in Rīga
- Nicaragua
- Philippines
- Portugal
- Museu De Arte Primitiva Moderna in Guimarães
- Russia
- Serbia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- USA
- Anthony Petullo Collection of Self-Taught & Outsider Art
- American Visionary Art Museum in Baltimore, MD
Associations
- Folk Art Society of America
- ABNA - British Naive Art Association
- Israel Naive art Association
- Nederland Naive Art Association
- Naive Art Association of Denmark
- France Naive Art Group
See also
References
- ↑ Fine, p. 24
- ↑ Nathalia Brodskaïa L'Art naïf éd. Parkstone International ISBN 9781859956687
- ↑ Irina Arnoldova. Painter Sergey Zagraevsky: the view of an art critic
- ↑ Mariner's Museum and Peluso, Anthony J., Jr., The Bard Brothers -- Painting America under Steam and Sail, Abrams, New York 1997 ISBN 0-8109-1240-6
- ↑
- ↑ Listed artist by The Israel Museum in Jerusalem
- ↑ Permanent member of Union of Bulgarian Artists
- ↑ Permanent member of Museum of Naïve and Marginal Art in Jagodina
- ↑ "Croatian Museum of Naive Art". Retrieved 25 February 2011.
- ↑ "Gallery of Croatian Naive Art".
- ↑
- ↑ Official site
- ↑ Museum.hu: Museum of Hungarian Naive Artists (Kecskemét) (Hungarian)
- ↑ Spain.info: Museo Internacional de Arte Naïf "Manuel Moral" - Manuel Moral International Museum of Naïve Art
Further reading
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Naïve art. |
- Walker, John. "Naive Art". Glossary of Art, Architecture & Design since 1945, 3rd. ed.
- Bihalji-Merin, Oto (1959). Modern Primitives: Masters of Naive Painting. trans. Norbert Guterman. New York: Harry N. Abrams.
- Fine, Gary Alan (2004). Everyday genius: self-taught art and the culture of authenticity. Chicago, IL: University Of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-24950-6.