Mundari language
| Mundari | |
|---|---|
| Native to | India, Bangladesh, Nepal |
| Ethnicity | Munda |
Native speakers | 1.6 million (2001 census)[1] |
|
Austroasiatic
| |
| Dialects |
Bhumij
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 |
unr – inclusive codeIndividual code: unx – "Munda" (Killi; duplicate code) |
| Glottolog |
mund1320[2] |
Mundari (Muɳɖa) is a Munda language of the Austroasiatic language family spoken by the Munda people, and is closely related to Santali. Mundari is primarily spoken by Munda tribal people in east India, Bangladesh, and Nepal. "Mundari Bani", a script to write Mundari Language was invented by Rohidas Singh Nag.[3]
Dialects
Toshiki Osada (2008:99), citing the Encyclopaedia Mundarica (vol. 1, p.6), lists the following dialects of Mundari, which are spoken mostly in Jharkhand state.
- Hasada ([hasa-daʔ]): east of the Ranchi-Chaibasa Road
- Naguri ([naguri]): west of the Ranchi-Chaibasa Road
- Tamaria ([tamaɽ-ia]) or Latar: Panchpargana area (Bundu, Tamar, Silli, Baranda, and Rahe)
- Kera ([keraʔ]): ethnic Oraon who live in the Ranchi city area
Bhumij, listed in many sources as a separate language, may in fact be a variety of the Latar (Tamaria) dialect of Mundari. It is spoken across Jharkhand state and in Mayurbhanj district, Odisha (Anderson 2008:196). There may be around 50,000 Bhumij speakers.
References
- ↑ Mundari at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
"Munda" (Killi; duplicate code) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) - ↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Mundari". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
- ↑ http://www.oneindia.com/2006/05/15/bms-to-intensify-agitation-on-mundari-language-1147760918.html
- Anderson, Gregory D.S (ed). 2008. The Munda languages. Routledge Language Family Series 3.New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-32890-X.
- Osada Toshiki. 2008. "Mundari". In Anderson, Gregory D.S (ed). The Munda languages, 99-164. Routledge Language Family Series 3.New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-32890-X.
Further reading
- Evans, Nicholas & Toshki Osada. 2005a. Mundari: the myth of a language without word classes. In Linguistic Typology 9.3, pp. 351–390.
- Evans, Nicholas & Toshki Osada. 2005b. Mundari and argumentation in word-class analysis. In Linguistic Typology 9.3, pp. 442–457
- Hengeveld, Kees & Jan Rijkhoff. 2005. Mundari as a flexible language. In Linguistic Typology 9.3, pp. 406–431.
- Newberry, J. (2000). North Munda dialects: Mundari, Santali, Bhumia. Victoria, B.C.: J. Newberry. ISBN 0-921599-68-4
Texts
- Johann Hoffmann (1903). Mundari grammar. Bengal Secretariat Press. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
- J. C. Whitley (1873). A Mundári Primer. Bengal Secretariat Press. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
- Carl Gustav R.E. Alfred Nottrott (1882). Grammatik der Kolh-Sprache. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
- Four gospels in Mundari. Bible Society. 1881. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
External links
- Mundari Bibliography at Department of Linguistics, University of Osnabrueck, Germany
- Detailed language map of eastern Nepal, see language #68 in green along eastern border
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