Moshe Koppel

Moshe Koppel

Moshe Koppel is an American-Israeli computer scientist, Talmud scholar and political activist. Koppel was born and raised in New York City, where he received a traditional Orthodox Jewish education. He received a B.A. from Yeshiva University and in 1979 completed his doctorate in mathematics under the supervision of Martin Davis at the Courant Institute of New York University. He spent a post-doctoral year at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton before moving to Israel in 1980. He has been a member of the Department of Computer Science in Bar-Ilan University since then.

Computer Science

Koppel is best known for his research on authorship attribution. Together with Shlomo Engelson Argamon and Jonathan Schler, he has shown that statistical analysis of word usage in a document can be used to determine an author's gender, age, native language and personality type.[1] The findings regarding gender generated considerable controversy.[2][3] In a string of papers, Koppel and colleagues solved many of the main problems in authorship, including authorship verification and authorship attribution with huge open candidate sets.[4] In recent years, Koppel has published several papers in social choice theory, offering (in joint work with Avraham Diskin) formal definitions of a number of concepts, including disproportionality,[5] and voting power[6] the definitions of which had been the subject of controversy. In related work, Koppel and colleagues have shown how the wisdom of crowds could be optimally exploited.[7] Along with Nathan Netanyahu and Omid David, Koppel showed that, using only records of games played by grandmasters, a chess program could be trained essentially from scratch to play at grandmaster level. A program designed by Omid David based on these ideas placed second in the speed chess competition in the 2008 World Computer Chess Championship.[8]

Talmud

Koppel has written two books on the Talmud. Meta-Halakhah showed how ideas formalized in mathematical logic could be used to explicate how the ancient Rabbis understood the unfolding of Jewish law.[9] Seder Kinim is a mathematical commentary on Tractate Kinim, generally regarded as the most difficult tractate in the Mishna.

Koppel wrote a monograph on the uses of concepts in probability theory for understanding Rabbinic decision methods.[10] Together with Ely Merzbach, he founded and edited the journal Higayon that is devoted to related topics.

Koppel’s interest in the Talmud is occasionally reflected in his computer science research. He has applied his authorship attribution methods to proving that the 19th century Baghdadi rabbi known as Ben Ish Chai was the actual author of a book for which he did not take credit.[11] Koppel also showed that the Harson collection (Hebrew: הגניזה החרסונית‎), a trove of letters attributed to early Hassidic masters were in fact all forgeries.[12]

Koppel has also developed methods for automated authorship analysis of biblical texts.[13]

Political Activism

Koppel has been active in efforts to write a constitution for the State of Israel. He participated in meetings of the Knesset's Constitution Committee under the chairmanship of MK Michael Eitan during the 16th Knesset and prepared the drafts for the committee's work on religion and state.[14][15] Subsequently, he co-authored a draft of a complete constitution proposed by the Institute for Zionist Strategies.[16] Later, he and Eitan co-authored another complete draft of a constitution. He also wrote legislation, passed by the Knesset in February 2011, requiring full disclosure by NGOs regarding funding received from foreign governments.[17] In February 2012, Koppel founded the Kohelet Policy Forum, a Jerusalem-based conservative-libertarian think tank.[18][19]

Business

Koppel is listed as co-inventor of United States patent #7257766 which appears to be substantively identical to the first search patent assigned to Google (United States patent #6526440 and #6725259), but the filing date of which is prior to Google's filing date.[20]

Pashkevilim

Koppel is reputed to be co-author of a series of anonymous parodic pashkevilim—posters hung in ultra-Orthodox Jerusalem neighborhoods.[21]

References

  1. ↑ S. Argamon, M. Koppel, J. Pennebaker and J. Schler (2009), "Automatically Profiling the Author of an Anonymous Text", Communications of the ACM 52 (2): 119–123 (virtual extension), doi:10.1145/1461928.1461959
  2. ↑ Clive Thompson, He and She: What's the Real Difference?, Boston Globe. July 6, 2003
  3. ↑ Charles McGrath (August 10, 2003), The Way We Live Now: Sexed Texts, New York Times Sunday Magazine August 10, 2003
  4. ↑ Koppel, M., Schler, J. and Argamon, S. (2009), "Computational Methods in Authorship Attribution", JASIST 60 (1): 9–26, doi:10.1002/asi.20961
  5. ↑ Koppel, M. and Diskin, A. (2009), "Measuring Disproportionality, Volatility and Malapportionment: Axiomatization and Solutions", Social Choice and Welfare 33 (2): 281–286, doi:10.1007/s00355-008-0357-1
  6. ↑ Diskin, A., and Koppel, M (2010), power-scw-240309-revised-final.pdf "Voting Power: An Information Theory Approach", Social Choice and Welfare 34 (1): 105–119, doi:10.1007/s00355-009-0390-8
  7. ↑ Baharad, E., Goldberger, J., Koppel, M. and Nitzan, S. (2011), "Distilling the Wisdom of Crowds: Weighted Aggregation of Decisions on Multiple Issues", JAAMAS 22 (1): 31–42, doi:10.1007/s10458-009-9120-y (special issue on computational social choice)
  8. ↑ http://www.amazon.com/Meta-Halakhah-Logic-Intuition-Unfolding-Jewish/dp/1568219016 Missing or empty |title= (help)
  9. ↑ http://u.cs.biu.ac.il/~koppel/rov-traditionversion.pdf Missing or empty |title= (help)
  10. ↑ M. Koppel, J. Schler and E. Bonchek-Dokow (2007), "Measuring Differentiability: Unmasking Pseudonymous Authors", JMLR: 1261–1276 8, July 2007
  11. ↑ M. Koppel (2010), "Computational Methods in Authorship Attribution: The Harson Trove (in Hebrew)", Yeshurun (23): 559–566
  12. ↑ http://news.yahoo.com/israeli-algorithm-sheds-light-bible-163128454.html Missing or empty |title= (help)
  13. ↑ http://huka.gov.il/wiki/index.php/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C:464 Missing or empty |title= (help)
  14. ↑ http://huka.gov.il/wiki/material/data/H11-01-2006_12-17-05_kopel.pdf Missing or empty |title= (help)
  15. ↑ http://u.cs.biu.ac.il/~koppel/constitution-english-04%5B1%5D.07.06-published.pdf Missing or empty |title= (help)
  16. ↑ השר איתן: חשוב שהציבור ידע מי תורם לאירגונים פוליטיים - Minister Eitan: It is Important for the Public to Know Who Donates to Political Organizations. "Minister Michael Eitan, in collaboration with Prof. Moshe Koppel recently decided to lead a bill that would require organizations and associations that receive a budget from foreign entities to report to the Registrar of Non-Profits unique contributions to the subject, and also to publish the details of these subsidies are received."
  17. ↑ About Kohelet
  18. ↑ Moshe Koppel
  19. ↑ http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7257766.PN.&OS=PN/7257766&RS=PN/7257766 Missing or empty |title= (help)
  20. ↑ http://www.zeevgalili.com/?p=5986 Missing or empty |title= (help)

External links