Molybdenum(IV) oxide

Molybdenum(IV) oxide
Names
IUPAC name
Molybdenum(IV) oxide
Other names
Molybdenum dioxide
Tugarinovite
Identifiers
18868-43-4 Yes
PubChem 29320
Properties
MoO2
Molar mass 127.94 g/mol
Appearance brownish-violet solid
Density 6.47 g/cm3
Melting point 1,100 °C (2,010 °F; 1,370 K) decomposes
insoluble
Solubility insoluble in alkalies, HCl, HF
slightly soluble in hot H2SO4
Structure
Crystal structure Distorted rutile (tetragonal)
Octahedral (MoIV); trigonal (O−II)
Hazards
EU Index Not listed
Flash point Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions
 Molybdenum disulfide
Other cations
 Chromium(IV) oxide
Tungsten(IV) oxide
"Molybdenum blue"
Molybdenum trioxide
Except where noted otherwise, data is given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
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Infobox references

Molybdenum dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula MoO2. It is a violet-colored solid and is a metallic conductor. It crystallizes in a monoclinic cell, and has a distorted rutile, (TiO2) crystal structure. In TiO2 the oxide anions are close packed and titanium atoms occupy half of the octahedral interstices (holes). In MoO2 the octahedra are distorted, the Mo atoms are off-centre, leading to alternating short and long Mo – Mo distances and Mo-Mo bonding. The short Mo – Mo distance is 251 pm which is less than the Mo – Mo distance in the metal, 272.5 pm. The bond length is shorter than would be expected for a single bond. The bonding is complex and involves a delocalisation of some of the Mo electrons in a conductance band accounting for the metallic conductivity.[1]
MoO2 can be prepared :

2 MoO3 + Mo → 3 MoO2

Single crystals are obtained by chemical transport using iodine. Iodine reversibly converts MoO2 into the volatile species MoO2I2.[3]

Molybdenum oxide is a constituent of "technical molybdenum oxide" produced during the industrial processing of MoS2:[4][5]

2 MoS2 + 7O2 → 2MoO3 + 4SO2
MoS2 + 6MoO3 → 7MoO2 + 2SO2
2 MoO2 + O2 → 2MoO3

MoO2 has been reported as catalysing the dehydrogenation of alcohols,[6] the reformation of hydrocarbons[7] and biodiesel.[8] Molybdenum nano-wires have been produced by reducing MoO2 deposited on graphite[9]

Mineralogical form of this compound is called tugarinovite, only very rarely found.

References

  1. ↑ Oxides: Solid state chemistry McCarroll W.H. Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry Ed R. Bruce King, (1994), John Wiley & sons ISBN 0-471-93620-0
  2. ↑ Cotton, F. Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey; Murillo, Carlos A.; Bochmann, Manfred (1999), Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (6th ed.), New York: Wiley-Interscience, ISBN 0-471-19957-5
  3. ↑ Conroy, L. E.; Ben-Dor, L. "Molybdenum(IV) Oxide and Tungsten(IV) Oxides Single-Crystals" Inorganic Syntheses 1995, volume 30, pp. 105–107. ISBN 0-471-30508-1
  4. ↑ Metallurgical furnaces Jorg Grzella, Peter Sturm, Joachim Kruger, Markus A. Reuter, Carina Kogler, Thomas Probst, Ullmans Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
  5. ↑ "Thermal Analysis and Kinetics of Oxidation of Molybdenum Sulfides" Y. Shigegaki, S.K. Basu, M.Wakihara and M. Taniguchi, J. Therm. Analysis 34 (1988), 1427-1440
  6. ↑ A. A. Balandin and I. D. Rozhdestvenskaya, Russian Chemical Bulletin, 8, 11, (1959), 1573 doi:10.1007/BF00914749
  7. ↑ Molybdenum based catalysts. I. MoO2 as the active species in the reforming of hydrocarbons A. Katrib, P. Leflaive, L. Hilaire and G. Maire Catalysis Letters, 38, 1–2, (1996) doi:10.1007/BF00806906
  8. ↑ Catalytic partial oxidation of a biodiesel surrogate over molybdenum dioxide, C.M. Cuba-Torres, et al, Fuel (2015), doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2015.01.003
  9. ↑ Synthesis of Molybdenum Nanowires with Millimeter-Scale Lengths Using Electrochemical Step Edge Decoration M. P. Zach, K. Inazu, K. H. Ng, J. C. Hemminger, and R. M. Penner Chem. Mater. (2002),14, 3206 doi:10.1021/cm020249a