Minor metals

Minor metals is a widely used term in the metal industry that generally refers to primary metals not traded on the London Metal Exchange (LME).

Characteristics

Two characteristics are regularly associated with minor metals: (1) their global production is relatively small in comparison to base metals, and (2), they are predominantly extracted as by-products of base metals.[1] However, due to the diversity of the metals often classified as minor metals, there is still much discussion about what exactly defines a minor metal.[1][2] It has also been noted that minor metals can also be characterized as having relatively few end uses in comparison to base metals and that they are more difficult to extract from their naturally occurring host minerals than base metals.[2]

Industry

According to the Minor Metals Trade Association (MMTA), its members alone account for over US$10 billion in annual trade of minor metal products.[3]

Production

Recent research based on data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) indicates that China is not only the leading primary producer of minor metals, supplying about 40 percent of all production, but that that China's share of global production increased 34 percent between 2000 and 2009.[4]

Applications

Minor metals are used in a wide diversity of end-use applications, from capacitors for consumer electronics (tantalum) and metallic cathodes for rechargeable batteries (cobalt) to photovoltaic solar cells (silicon) and semiconductor materials (gallium and indium).The primary end-uses of minor metals can also help to categorize the metals into four groups:[5]

  1. Electronic Metals (e.g. Gallium and Germanium)
  2. Power Metals (e.g. Molybdenum and Zirconium)
  3. Structural Metals (e.g. Chromium and Vanadium)
  4. Performance Metals (e.g. Titanium and Rhenium)

Minor Metals

Metals often classified as minor metals include: Antimony (Sb), Arsenic (As), Beryllium (Be), Bismuth (Bi), Cadmium (Cd), Cerium (Ce), Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Gadolinium (Gd), Gallium (Ga), Germanium (Ge), Hafnium (Hf), Indium (In), Lithium (Li), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Mercury (Hg), Molybdenum (Mo), Neodymium (Nd), Niobium (Nb), Iridium (Ir), Osmium (Os), Praseodymium (Pr), Rhenium (Re), Rhodium (Rh), Ruthenium (Ru), Samarium (Sm), Selenium (Se), Silicon (Si), Tantalum (Ta), Tellurium (Te), Titanium (Ti), Tungsten (W), Vanadium (V), Zirconium (Zr)

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bell, T. (March 2010) Defining Minor & Strategic Metals. Retrieved from: http://www.strategic-metal.com/index.php/news/content/Defining_Minor_and_Strateigic_Metals
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lifton, J. (November 15, 2007) Minor Metals. ResourceInvestor.com. Retrieved from http://www.resourceinvestor.com/News/2007/11/Pages/Minor-Metals.aspx
  3. ↑ Darby, G. History & Change: Minor Metals Behind a Modern World. Retrieved March 31, 2010, from http://www.mmta.co.uk/about/history/
  4. ↑ SMI Ltd. (April 2010) China’s Growing Role in the Production and Supply of Minor Metals: Part I. Retrieved from: http://www.strategic-metal.com/index.php/news/content/chinas_minor_metals_part1
  5. ↑ Lifton, J. (September 16, 2008) The Age of Technology Metals. ResourceInvestor.com. Retrieved from: http://www.resourceinvestor.com/News/2008/9/Pages/The-Age-Of-The-Technology-Metals.aspx

External links