Miglitol

Not to be confused with meglutol.
Miglitol
Structural diagram of miglitol.
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(2R,3R,4R,5S)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)
piperidine-3,4,5-triol
Clinical data
Trade names Glyset
AHFS/Drugs.com monograph
MedlinePlus a601079
Licence data US FDA:link
  • AU: B3
  • US: B (No risk in non-human studies)
Oral
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability Dose-dependent
Protein binding Negligible (<4.0%)
Metabolism Nil
Half-life 2 hours
Excretion Renal (95%)
Identifiers
72432-03-2 Yes
A10BF02
PubChem CID 441314
DrugBank DB00491 Yes
ChemSpider 390074 Yes
UNII 0V5436JAQW Yes
KEGG D00625 Yes
ChEMBL CHEMBL1561 Yes
Chemical data
Formula C8H17NO5
207.224 g/mol
Physical data
Density 1.458 g/cm3
Melting point 114 °C (237 °F)
 Yes (what is this?)  (verify)

Miglitol is an oral anti-diabetic drug that acts by inhibiting the ability of the patient to break down complex carbohydrates into glucose. It is primarily used in diabetes mellitus type 2 for establishing greater glycemic control by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates (such as disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides) into monosaccharides which can be absorbed by the body.[1]

Miglitol, and other structurally-related iminosugars, inhibit glycoside hydrolase enzymes called alpha-glucosidases. Since miglitol works by preventing digestion of carbohydrates, it lowers the degree of postprandial hyperglycemia. It must be taken at the start of main meals to have maximal effect.[2] Its effect will depend on the amount of non-monosaccharide carbohydrates in a person's diet.

In contrast to acarbose (another alpha-glucosidase inhibitor), miglitol is systemically absorbed; however, it is not metabolized and is excreted by the kidneys.


See also

References

  1. ↑ "Migliotl: MedlinePlus Drug Information". MedlinePlus. National Institudes of Health. 1 September 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  2. ↑ "Glyset (miglitol) tablets label - Accessdata FDA". Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. August 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2013.