Midlothian by-election, 1912

The Midlothian by-election was a Parliamentary by-election. It returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

Vacancy

The Master of Elibank had been Liberal MP for Midlothian a.k.a. Edinburghshire, since 1900. He was raised to the peerage as Baron Murray of Elibank, in the County of Selkirk.[1]

Previous result

General Election December 1910: Midlothian

Electorate 17,639

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Rt Hon. Master of Elibank 8,837 60.9
Unionist John Augustus Hope 5,680 39.1
Majority 21.8
Turnout
Liberal hold Swing

Candidates

The Liberal candidate chosen to defend the seat was Alexander Shaw. He was a 29 year old Barrister who had been educated in Edinburgh. The Unionists again selected John Hope who had fought the seat at the last election. He was a 43 year old soldier. The Labour party, which had never before contested the seat, fielded Robert Brown. He was a local man, having been elected Provost of Dalkeith. He was also Secretary of the Scottish Miners Federation. When the vacancy became known, the Unionists quickly re-adopted Hope to enable them to immediately start the campaign. Arthur Henderson the Secretary of the national Labour party met the Scottish Miners Federation, where it was agreed that a Labour candidate would contest the seat. It was clear that this was likely to be Provost Brown. The Liberals were expected to adopt Shaw, however, the outgoing Liberal MP, the Master of Elibank, felt that the Liberal Association should not field a candidate but support Brown, who had strong Liberal sympathies, if he was the Labour candidate. Elibank's telegram to the Chairman of Midlothian Liberals, in which he outlined his views and praised the qualities of Brown, was made public.[2][3] Elibank had just stepped down as Liberal Party Chief Whip, so was still close to Liberal Prime Minister, Herbert Asquith. However, the Midlothian Liberals decided to select Shaw and Brown was selected by Labour, so a three-way contest was assured.

Campaign

The constituency had returned Liberals at every election since 1874, however, with a Labour candidate in the field, the election was expected to be less than straightforward. Brown's Labour campaign joined with the Unionists in criticising Lloyd George's National Insurance Act. Despite his past Liberal sympathies, Brown was to be found campaigning for the nationalisation of land and the nationalisation of mines.[3] The Labour party campaign received the active support of the Scottish Federation of Women’s Suffrage Societies.[4] The Liberal party campaign received the backing of T.P.O'Connor and the United Irish League who urged the 600-700 Irish miners in the constituency to vote Liberal, due to the work the Liberal Government was doing on the Irish Home Rule Bill.[3]

Result

By-Election 10 September 1912: Midlothian

Electorate

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist Maj. John Augustus Hope 6,021 41.7
Liberal Hon. Alexander Shaw 5,989 41.5
Labour Provost Robert Brown 2,413 16.7
Majority
Turnout
Unionist gain from Liberal Swing

Aftermath

A General Election was due to take place by the end of 1915. By the summer of 1914, the following candidates had been adopted to contest that election. Due to the outbreak of war, the election never took place.

General Election 1914/15: Midlothian

Electorate 19,747

Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist John Augustus Hope
Liberal
Labour

Shaw was elected unopposed as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Kilmarnock Burghs at a by-election in 1915,[5] In 1918 when the constituency was split, Hope was elected as Unionist member for Midlothian North and Peebles.

References

  1. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 28636. p. 6100. 16 August 1912.
  2. ↑ The Glasgow Herald 10 August 1912
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 The First Labour Party 1906-1914 edited by K.D.Brown
  4. ↑ Workers Educational Association
  5. ↑ Craig, F. W. S. (1989) [1974]. British parliamentary election results 1885–1918 (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 513. ISBN 0-900178-27-2.