Michael Argyle (psychologist)

Michael Argyle (11 August 1925, Nottingham – 6 September 2002) was one of the best known English Social Psychologists of the twentieth century. He spent most of his career at the University of Oxford, and worked on numerous topics. Throughout his career, he showed strong preferences for experimental methods in social psychology, having little time for alternative approaches such as discourse analysis.

Life

Michael Argyle was born on 11 August 1925. He was educated at Nottingham High School for Boys. After completing with distinction an RAF science course at Cambridge University he trained as a navigator in Canada (1943-7). After the war he read part one in moral sciences at Emmanuel College, Cambridge and in 1950 graduated with first class honours in experimental psychology. Following two years of postgraduate study in Cambridge he became the first ever lecturer in social psychology at the University of Oxford. At the time, Oxford University was, along with the London School of Economics, one of only two universities in the United Kingdom to have a department of social psychology. Argyle lectured for many years at Oxford University as reader in social psychology. He became a fellow of the newly founded Wolfson College in 1966 and three years later a reader. He was one of the very early pioneers of social psychology in the UK and Europe and helped to initiate the British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology as the first social psychology editor (1961-7). He chaired the social psychology section of the British Psychological Society twice (1964-7,1972-4). Distinguished psychologists and sociologists from all over the world visited the research group he set up at Oxford.He received honorary doctorates from the universities of Oxford (1979), Adelaide and Brussels (1982) and an honorary fellowship by the British Psychological Society(1992). In 1990 The International Society of the Study of Personal Relationships in 1990 gave him a distinguished career contribution award.

After his retirement, he became Professor Emeritus at Oxford Brookes University. One of the co-founders of the journal British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, Argyle regularly attended social psychology conferences, and had a great passion for Scottish country dancing.

Argyle died on 6 September 2002, at the age of 77, of injuries suffered in a swimming accident, from which he never fully recovered.

Work

Some of Argyle's best-known contributions were to this field. He was especially interested in gaze. One of his best-known books relevant to this field, The Psychology of Interpersonal Behaviour, became a best-seller. Argyle made contributions to many fields in psychology, including:

The Psychology of Religion

Argyle, a committed Christian, published empirical works on the psychology of religion. His early work in this field was summarized in his book Religious Behaviour (1958). He later collaborated with Benjman Beit-Hallahmi to produce a later book, "The Psychology of Religious Beliefs, Behaviour and Experience" (1997). Both books show Argyle's commitment to empiricism in psychology, and list results of surveys into topics such as beliefs in the afterlife or frequencies of religious experience in the general population.

The Psychology of Happiness

One of Argyle's most notable later contributions was to the psychology of happiness. Keen that more research should be done in this field, he published "The Psychology of Happiness" in 1987, 2nd edition 2001. In this book he listed and discussed empirical findings on happiness, including that happiness is indeed promoted by relationships, faith, sex, eating, exercise, music, success, etc., but probably not by wealth.

The Psychology of Social Class

Although social class is a concept largely studied by sociologists, Argyle's later work showed increasing interest in promotion of socio-psychological perspective on social class. Differences in religious involvement across social class and patterns of social relationship across social class are areas of interest to social psychologists here, and these fields show Argyle was keen to link this area to other areas which he had studied.

Publications

The Scientific Study of Social Behaviour (Methuen 1957)
Religious Behaviour (Routledge & Kegan Paul 1958)
Training Managers (Acton Society Trust 1962), with Trevor Smith
Psychology and Social Problems (Methuen 1964)
The Psychology of Interpersonal Behaviour (Penguin 1967)
Social Interaction (Tavistock Publications 1969)
The Social Psychology of Work (Allen Lane 1972), ISBN 0-7139-0186-1
Skills With People: A Guide for Managers (Hutchinson 1973), ISBN 0-09-116481-8, with Elizabeth Sidney and Margaret Brown
Bodily Communication (Methuen 1975), ISBN 0-416-67450-X
Gaze and Mutual Gaze (Cambridge University Press 1976), ISBN 0-521-20865-3, with Mark Cook
Social Skills and Mental Health (Methuen 1978), ISBN 0-416-84980-6, with Peter Trower and Bridget Bryant
Person to Person: Ways of Communicating (Harper & Row 1979), ISBN 0-06-318097-9, with Peter Trower
Social Situations (Cambridge University Press 1981), ISBN 0-521-23260-0, with Adrian Furnham and Jean Ann Graham
The Psychology of Happiness (Methuen 1987), ISBN 0-416-40960-1
Cooperation: The Basis of Sociability (Routledge 1991), ISBN 0-415-03545-7
The Social Psychology of Everyday Life (Routledge 1992), ISBN 0-415-01071-3
The Psychology of Social Class (Routledge 1994), ISBN 0-415-07954-3
The Social Psychology of Leisure (Penguin 1996), ISBN 0-14-023887-5
The Psychology of Religious Behaviour, Belief and Experience (Routledge 1997), ISBN 0-415-12330-5, with Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi
The Psychology of Money (Routledge 1998), ISBN 0-415-14605-4, with Adrian Furnham

plus numerous edited books, chapters, and articles in learned journals