Methylammonium halide

Methylammonium halides are organic halide with a formula of CH3NH3X, where X ∈ {Cl,Br,I}. Generally they are white or light colored powders. They are used primarily as dyes in solar cells.

Compounds

Methylammonium bromide
Names
IUPAC name
Methylazanium bromide
Systematic IUPAC name
Methanaminium bromide
Other names
  • Methylamine hydrobromide
Identifiers
6876-37-5
ChemSpider 2282899
EC number 229-981-5
Jmol-3D images Image
PubChem 13000536
Properties
CH3NH3Br
Molar mass 111.96904 g/mol
Boiling point 48.7 °C (119.7 °F; 321.8 K) at 760 mmHg
Hazards
Main hazards R22, R36, R37, R38
Except where noted otherwise, data is given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
Infobox references
Methylammonium chloride
Names
IUPAC name
Methylazanium chloride
Systematic IUPAC name
Methanaminium chloride
Other names
  • Methylamine hydrochloride
Identifiers
593-51-1
ChemSpider 11147
EC number 209-795-0
Jmol-3D images Image
PubChem 11637
Properties
CH3NH3Cl
Molar mass 67.51804 g/mol
Appearance Colorless crystals
Hazards
Main hazards R22, S24, S25
Except where noted otherwise, data is given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
Infobox references
Methylammonium iodide
Names
IUPAC name
Methylazanium iodide
Systematic IUPAC name
Methanaminium iodide
Other names
  • Methylamine hydroiodide
  • Methanamine hydriodide
Identifiers
14965-49-2
ChemSpider 452756
EC number 239-037-4
Jmol-3D images Image
PubChem 519034
Properties
CH3NH3I
Molar mass 158.96951 g/mol
Appearance White powder
Except where noted otherwise, data is given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Applications

The primary application for these compounds is as a component of perovskite (structure) crystalline solar cells. The iodide is the most commonly used. When complexed with other metallic iodides such as tin iodide or lead iodide it can be used as a light gathering compound in place of naturally occurring organic dyes, providing excellent bandgap and charge mobility. Other methylammonium halides such as the chloride and bromide can be used instead of, or as minor substituents to, methylammonium iodide, providing the ability to tune the absorption, conductivity, and apparent bandgap.

Production

These compounds are usually prepared by combining equimolar amounts of methylamine with the appropriate halide acid. For instance methylammonium iodide is prepared by combining methylamine and hydrogen iodide at 0 °C for 120 minutes followed by evaporation at 60°C, yielding crystals of methylammonium iodide.[1]

CH3NH2 + HI → CH3NH3I

Crystallography

These compounds' crystallography has been the subject of much investigation. J.S. Hendricks published an early paper on them in 1928.[2] Methylammonium chloride was investigated again in 1946[3] and methylammonium bromide in 1961.[4]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Qiu, Jianhang; Qiu, Yongcai; Yan, Keyou; Zhong, Min; Mu, Cheng; Yan, He; Yang, Shihe (2013), "All-solid-state hybrid solar cells based on a new organometal halide perovskite sensitizer and one-dimensional TiO2 nanowire arrays", Nanoscale 5 (8): 3245–3248, doi:10.1039/C3NR00218G
  2. ↑ Hendricks, J.S. (1928), "The crystal structures of the monomethyl ammonium halides", Z. Kristallogr. 67 (1): 106–118, doi:10.1524/zkri.1928.67.1.106
  3. ↑ Hughes, Edward W.; Lipscomb, William N. (1946), "The Crystal Structure of Methylammonium Chloride", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 68 (10): 1970–1975, doi:10.1021/ja01214a029
  4. ↑ Gabe, E.J. (1961), "The crystal structure of methylammonium bromide", Acta Cryst. 14: 1296, doi:10.1107/S0365110X6100382X