Mesocyclops

Mesocyclops
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Copepoda
Order: Cyclopoida
Family: Cyclopidae
Genus: Mesocyclops
G. O. Sars, 1914
Type species
Mesocyclops leuckarti
(Claus, 1857) [1]

Mesocyclops is a genus of copepod crustaceans in the family Cyclopidae. Because the various species of Mesocyclops are known to prey on mosquito larvae, it is used as a nontoxic and inexpensive form of biological mosquito control.

Biological control

Individuals of Mesocyclops can be easily harvested, bred and released into freshwater containers where the Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae (the vector of Dengue fever) live.[2] A big advantage of the Mesocyclops is that it is possible to teach schoolchildren how to recognize and collect them so that communities are able to perform sustainable mosquito control without much professional or governmental assistance.

A field trial in Vietnam has shown that large-scale elimination of Aedes aegypti larvae is possible. Because Mesocyclops is a host for the pathogen causing parasite round worm Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis, the causative agent of dracunculiasis), this method is potentially hazardous in the small number of countries where the Guinea worm still occurs. Also, many cultures have traditions and customs that forbid the introduction of animals into freshwater storage vessels as dangerous taboos.[3][4][5]

Species

The genus Mesocyclops contains 129 species:[6]

  • Mesocyclops acanthoramus Holynska & Brown, 2003
  • Mesocyclops aequatorialis Kiefer, 1929
  • Mesocyclops affinis van de Velde, 1987
  • Mesocyclops albicans (G. W. Smith, 1909)
  • Mesocyclops americanus Dussart, 1985
  • Mesocyclops annae Kiefer, 1930
  • Mesocyclops annulatus (Wierzejski, 1892)
  • Mesocyclops araucanus Löffler, 1962
  • Mesocyclops arcanus Defaye, 1995
  • Mesocyclops asiaticus Kiefer, 1932
  • Mesocyclops aspericornis (Daday, 1906)
  • Mesocyclops australiensis (G. O. Sars, 1908)
  • Mesocyclops bernardi Petkovski, 1986
  • Mesocyclops bodanicola Kiefer, 1955
  • Mesocyclops borneoensis Dussart & Fernando, 1988
  • Mesocyclops bosumtwii Mirabdullayev, Sanful & Frempong, 2007
  • Mesocyclops brasilianus Kiefer, 1933
  • Mesocyclops brehmi Kiefer, 1927
  • Mesocyclops brevifurcatus Harada, 1931
  • Mesocyclops brevisetosus Dussart & Sarnita, 1987
  • Mesocyclops brooksi Pesce, De Laurentiis & Humphreys, 1996
  • Mesocyclops chaci Fiers (in Fiers, Reid, Iliffe & Suárez-Morales), 1996
  • Mesocyclops cokeri Najam-un-Nisa, Mahoon & Irfa Khan, 1987
  • Mesocyclops consimilis Kiefer, 1934
  • Mesocyclops crassus (Fischer, 1853)
  • Mesocyclops curvatus Kiefer, 1981
  • Mesocyclops cuttacuttae Dumont & Maas, 1985
  • Mesocyclops dadayi Holynska, 1997
  • Mesocyclops darwini Dussart & Fernando, 1988
  • Mesocyclops dayakorum Holynska, 2000
  • Mesocyclops decipiens Kiefer, 1929
  • Mesocyclops delamarei Lescher-Moutoué, 1971
  • Mesocyclops dissimilis Defaye & Kawabata, 1993
  • Mesocyclops dussarti van de Velde, 1984
  • Mesocyclops dybowskii (Landé, 1890)
  • Mesocyclops edax (Forbes, 1891)
  • Mesocyclops ellipticus Kiefer, 1936
  • Mesocyclops emini (Mrázek, 1898)
  • Mesocyclops evadomingoi Gutierrez-Aguirre & Suarez-Morales, 2001
  • Mesocyclops ferjemurami Holynska & Nam, 2000
  • Mesocyclops forbesi Najam-un-Nisa, Mahoon & Irfa Khan, 1987
  • Mesocyclops francisci Holynska, 2000
  • Mesocyclops friendorum Holynska, 2000
  • Mesocyclops geminus Holynska, 2000
  • Mesocyclops gracilis (Lilljeborg, 1853)
  • Mesocyclops granulatus Dussart & Fernando, 1988
  • Mesocyclops guangxiensis Reid & Kay, 1992
  • Mesocyclops holynskae Karanovic, 2006
  • Mesocyclops ianthinus Harada, 1931
  • Mesocyclops incisus Kiefer, 1932
  • Mesocyclops infrequens Kiefer, 1929
  • Mesocyclops inopinus (Kiefer, 1926)
  • Mesocyclops insulensis Dussart, 1982
  • Mesocyclops intermedius Pesce, 1985
  • Mesocyclops inversus Kiefer, 1936
  • Mesocyclops iranicus Lindberg, 1936
  • Mesocyclops isabellae Dussart & Fernando, 1988
  • Mesocyclops kawamurai K. Kikuchi, 1940
  • Mesocyclops kayi Holynska & Brown, 2003
  • Mesocyclops kieferi van de Velde, 1984
  • Mesocyclops leuckarti (Claus, 1857)
  • Mesocyclops longisetus (Thiébaud, 1912)
  • Mesocyclops macracanthus Kiefer, 1929
  • Mesocyclops maheensis Lindberg, 1941
  • Mesocyclops major G. O. Sars, 1927
  • Mesocyclops mariae Guo, 2000
  • Mesocyclops medialis Defaye, 2001
  • Mesocyclops meridianus (Kiefer, 1926)
  • Mesocyclops meridionalis Dussart & Frutos, 1986
  • Mesocyclops microlasius Kiefer, 1981
  • Mesocyclops microspinulosus Lindberg, 1942
  • Mesocyclops minutus Lowndes, 1934
  • Mesocyclops monardi (Perret, 1925)
  • Mesocyclops mongoliensis Kiefer, 1981
  • Mesocyclops neglectus G. O. Sars, 1909
  • Mesocyclops nicaraguensis Herbst, 1960
  • Mesocyclops nigerianus Kiefer, 1932
  • Mesocyclops notius Kiefer, 1981
  • Mesocyclops oblongatus G. O. Sars, 1927
  • Mesocyclops obsoletus (Koch, 1838)
  • Mesocyclops ogunnus Onabamiro, 1957
  • Mesocyclops oithonoides (G. O. Sars, 1863)
  • Mesocyclops operculifer Kiefer, 1930
  • Mesocyclops orghidani Plesa, 1981
  • Mesocyclops paludosus Lindberg, 1956
  • Mesocyclops papuensis van de Velde, 1987
  • Mesocyclops paranaensis Dussart & Frutos, 1986
  • Mesocyclops parentium Holynska, 1997
  • Mesocyclops pehpeiensis Hu, 1943
  • Mesocyclops pescei Petkovski, 1986
  • Mesocyclops pilosus Kiefer, 1930
  • Mesocyclops pseudoannae van de Velde, 1987
  • Mesocyclops pseudomeridianus Defaye & Dussart, 1989
  • Mesocyclops pseudooperculatus (Lindberg, 1957)
  • Mesocyclops pseudospinosus Dussart & Fernando, 1988
  • Mesocyclops pubiventris Holynska & Brown, 2003
  • Mesocyclops rarus Kiefer, 1981
  • Mesocyclops rectus Lindberg, 1937
  • Mesocyclops reidae Petkovski, 1986
  • Mesocyclops restrictus Dussart & Fernando, 1985
  • Mesocyclops retroversus Kiefer, 1929
  • Mesocyclops ruttneri Kiefer, 1981
  • Mesocyclops rylovi Smirnov, 1928
  • Mesocyclops salinus Onabamiro, 1957
  • Mesocyclops schmeili (Poppe & Mrázek, 1895)
  • Mesocyclops schuurmanae Kiefer, 1928
  • Mesocyclops shenzhenensis Guo, 2000
  • Mesocyclops simillimus Brady, 1907
  • Mesocyclops spinifer (Daday, 1902)
  • Mesocyclops spinosus van de Velde, 1984
  • Mesocyclops splendidus Lindberg, 1943
  • Mesocyclops strenuus (Daday, 1905)
  • Mesocyclops taihokuensis Harada, 1931
  • Mesocyclops tenellus (G. O. Sars, 1909)
  • Mesocyclops tenuis (Marsh, 1910)
  • Mesocyclops tenuisaccus (G. O. Sars, 1927)
  • Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides Harada, 1931
  • Mesocyclops tinctus (Lindberg, 1936)
  • Mesocyclops tobae Kiefer, 1933
  • Mesocyclops trichophorus Kiefer, 1930
  • Mesocyclops trispinosus (Shen & Tai, 1964)
  • Mesocyclops varius Dussart, 1987
  • Mesocyclops venezolanus Dussart, 1987
  • Mesocyclops vermifer Lindberg, 1935
  • Mesocyclops vizarae Fryer, 1957
  • Mesocyclops woutersi van de Velde, 1987
  • Mesocyclops wraniki Baribwegure & Dumont, 2000
  • Mesocyclops yenae Holynska, 1998
  • Mesocyclops yesoensis Ishida, 1999
  • Mesocyclops yutsil Reid in Fiers, Reid, Iliffe & Suárez-Morales, 1996

References

  1. ↑ Mária Holynski & Frank Fiers (1994). F. D. Ferrari & B. P. Bradley, ed. "Ecology and Morphology of Copepods". Hydrobiologia. 292–293 (1): 41–51. doi:10.1007/BF00229921. |chapter= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ "Water bug aids dengue fever fight". BBC News. February 11, 2005. Retrieved November 20, 2007.
  3. ↑ B. Kay & S. N. Vu (2005). "New strategy against Aedes aegypti in Vietnam". The Lancet 365 (9459): 613–7. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17913-6. PMID 15708107.
  4. ↑ S. N. Vu, T. Y. Nguyen, V. P. Tran et al. (January 2005). "Elimination of dengue by community programs using Mesocyclops (Copepoda) against Aedes aegypti in central Vietnam". American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 72 (1): 67–73. PMID 15728869.
  5. ↑ G. G. Marten & J. W. Reid (2007). "Cyclopoid copepods". Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 23 (2 Suppl): 65–92. doi:10.2987/8756-971X(2007)23[65:CC]2.0.CO;2. PMID 17853599.
  6. ↑ T. Chad Walter (2010). T. Chad Walter & Geoff Boxshall, ed. "Mesocyclops Sars G.O., 1914". World Copepoda database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved March 8, 2010.