Mersa Matruh
| Mersa Matruh مرسى مطروح | |
|---|---|
 | |
  Mersa Matruh Location in Egypt | |
| Coordinates: 31°20′N 27°13′E / 31.333°N 27.217°E | |
| Country |
 Egypt |
| Governorate | Matrouh |
| Elevation | 100 ft (30 m) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • City | 68,339 |
| • Metro | 140,000 |
| • Ethnicities | Egyptians, Bedouins & Libyans. |
| Time zone | EST (UTC+2) |
| Area code(s) | (+20) 3 |
Mersa Matruh (also spelled Marsa Matruh and Marsa Matrouh; Arabic: مرسى مطروح, IPA: [ˈmæɾsæ mɑtˤˈɾuːħ]) is a Mediterranean seaport and the capital of the Matrouh Governorate in Egypt. It is 240 km (150 mi) west of Alexandria and 222 km from Sallum, on the main highway from the Nile Delta to the Libyan border. Another highway leads south from the town, toward the Western Desert and the oases of Siwa and Bahariya.
During Ancient Egyptian times and during the reign of Alexander The Great, the city was known as Amunia. In Ptolemaic and Byzantine times it was known as Paraitonion (Παραιτόνιον), and in Roman times, as Paraetonium.
Mersa Matruh is a major Egyptian tourist resort and serves as a getaway resort for Europeans as well as Cairenes eager to flee the capital in the sweltering summer months. It is served by Mersa Matruh Airport. The city is known for its white soft sands and calm transparent waters; the bay is protected from the high seas by a series of rocks forming a natural breakwater, with a small opening to allow access for light vessels.
History
It started as a small fishing town during Ancient Egyptian times and the reign of Alexander The Great and was named Amunia. There are ruins of a temple of Rameses II (1200 BC). Mersa Matruh became known as Paraitonion in the Ptolemaic era. When Roman occupation came to Egypt, the town became an important harbor for trade and shipping goods and crops to Rome. It was named Paraetonium by the Romans. During World War II, the British Army's Baggush Box was located to the east. Starting with the completion of an extension from the previous railhead at Fuka in February 1936,[1] Mersa Matruh was the terminus for a single-track railway, which passed through El Alamein.
Climate
Mersa Matruh has a hot desert climate (BWh) according to Köppen climate classification, but blowing winds from the Mediterranean Sea greatly moderate the temperatures, typical to the Egypt's north coast, making its summers moderately hot and humid while its winters mild and moderately wet when sleet and hail are also common. Summers are sunny and dry, while in the colder months, mainly in winters, they are a little rainy and cloudy.
Mersa Matruh and Port Said have the coolest summer days of any other cities or resorts, although not significantly cooler than other northern coastal places, additionally Rafah, Alexandria, Abu Qir, Rosetta, Baltim, Kafr el-Dawwar and Mersa Matruh are the wettest in Egypt.
The city becomes a destination for millions of Egyptians and foreign tourists.
| Climate data for Mersa Matruh | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 30.0 (86) |
31.8 (89.2) |
37.5 (99.5) |
34.4 (93.9) |
45.2 (113.4) |
45.4 (113.7) |
48.8 (119.8) |
44.2 (111.6) |
40.4 (104.7) |
39.3 (102.7) |
34.4 (93.9) |
37.3 (99.1) |
48.8 (119.8) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 17.7 (63.9) |
18.5 (65.3) |
19.6 (67.3) |
22.9 (73.2) |
25.3 (77.5) |
28.1 (82.6) |
28.6 (83.5) |
29.5 (85.1) |
28.5 (83.3) |
26.5 (79.7) |
22.8 (73) |
19.3 (66.7) |
23.9 (75) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 12.9 (55.2) |
13.5 (56.3) |
15.1 (59.2) |
17.6 (63.7) |
20.2 (68.4) |
23.4 (74.1) |
25 (77) |
25.5 (77.9) |
24.3 (75.7) |
21.6 (70.9) |
17.9 (64.2) |
14.4 (57.9) |
19.3 (66.7) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 8.7 (47.7) |
8.9 (48) |
10.4 (50.7) |
12.5 (54.5) |
15.1 (59.2) |
18.6 (65.5) |
20.7 (69.3) |
21.2 (70.2) |
19.9 (67.8) |
17.2 (63) |
13.5 (56.3) |
10.4 (50.7) |
14.8 (58.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 1.4 (34.5) |
4.8 (40.6) |
5.0 (41) |
6.3 (43.3) |
7.9 (46.2) |
12.0 (53.6) |
16.2 (61.2) |
16.0 (60.8) |
14.5 (58.1) |
11.0 (51.8) |
7.9 (46.2) |
4.5 (40.1) |
1.4 (34.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 36 (1.42) |
19 (0.75) |
11 (0.43) |
3 (0.12) |
2 (0.08) |
2 (0.08) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.04) |
1 (0.04) |
19 (0.75) |
18 (0.71) |
29 (1.14) |
141 (5.55) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 3.2 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 12.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 71 | 69 | 68 | 66 | 73 | 73 | 75 | 73 | 71 | 70 | 68 | 69 | 70.5 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 196.3 | 214.5 | 254.1 | 269.1 | 316.7 | 355.4 | 371.9 | 356.3 | 309.2 | 268.2 | 222.2 | 196.6 | 3,330.5 |
| Source: NOAA[2] | |||||||||||||
Another source shows more precipitation and stabler average temperatures.
| Climate data for Mersa Matruh | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 17.9 (64.2) |
18.4 (65.1) |
20.2 (68.4) |
22.5 (72.5) |
24.1 (75.4) |
26.9 (80.4) |
27.9 (82.2) |
28.4 (83.1) |
28.5 (83.3) |
26.9 (80.4) |
24 (75) |
20.2 (68.4) |
23.83 (74.87) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 13.1 (55.6) |
13.6 (56.5) |
15.4 (59.7) |
17.9 (64.2) |
20 (68) |
23.1 (73.6) |
24.8 (76.6) |
25.3 (77.5) |
24.8 (76.6) |
22.5 (72.5) |
19.2 (66.6) |
15.4 (59.7) |
19.59 (67.26) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 8.4 (47.1) |
8.9 (48) |
10.6 (51.1) |
13.3 (55.9) |
16 (61) |
19.4 (66.9) |
21.8 (71.2) |
22.3 (72.1) |
21.1 (70) |
18.2 (64.8) |
14.4 (57.9) |
10.6 (51.1) |
15.42 (59.76) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 38 (1.5) |
23 (0.91) |
12 (0.47) |
2 (0.08) |
2 (0.08) |
1 (0.04) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.04) |
2 (0.08) |
14 (0.55) |
23 (0.91) |
34 (1.34) |
152 (6) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org[3] | |||||||||||||
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18 °C (64 °F) | 17 °C (63 °F) | 17 °C (63 °F) | 18 °C (64 °F) | 20 °C (68 °F) | 23 °C (73 °F) | 25 °C (77 °F) | 26 °C (79 °F) | 26 °C (79 °F) | 25 °C (77 °F) | 22 °C (72 °F) | 20 °C (68 °F) |
Monuments and tourist sites
- Ruins of the Temple of the King, Pharaoh Rameses II (1200 B.C)
- Drowned city of Caesar.
- Drowned Palace of Cleopatra.
- Egyptian Fleet Anchorage which was built by the Ptolemies. The remains of the naval installations still stand west of the port.
- Coptic Chapel: built in the early Coptic age, and contains several caves bearing inscriptions.
- Rommel's Hideout: A cave, hewn in the rock, where Rommel drew up plans of his military operations. It has now been turned into a military museum.
- The British Cemetery: Thousands upon thousands of rock-hewn tombstones stand in straight rows amidst a fenced garden.
- The German Cemetery: It is a fortress like memorial that was built on a height overlooking the sea.
- The Italian Cemetery: It is a high tower fort standing on a high hill. The walls of the building are covered with marble.
Main beaches
- Ageebah Beach: About 28 km. west of Mersa Matruh downtown, it is distinguished by its numerous natural caves and enchanting scenery.
- Al-Obayed Beach: About 20 km. west of Mersa Matruh downtown, beauty surpasses that of Mersa Matruh beach.
- Romel Bay.
See also
External links
References
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mersa Matruh. |
- ↑ Playfair, Vol. I, page 3.
- ↑ "Mersa Matruh A Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
- ↑ "Climate: Marsa Matruh - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
- ↑ "Marsa Matruh Climate and Weather Averages, Egypt". Weather to Travel. Retrieved 13 July 2013.
- Falling Rain Genomics, Inc. "Geographical information on Marsa Matruh, Egypt". Retrieved 2008-03-23.
Bibliography
- Playfair, Major-General I.S.O.; Molony, Brigadier C.J.C.; with Flynn, Captain F.C. (R.N.) & Gleave, Group Captain T.P. (2009) [1st. pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, Sir James, ed. The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy, to May 1941. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-84574-065-3.
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