Melaleuca argentea
| Silver Cajuput | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | Melaleuca |
| Species: | M. argentea |
| Binomial name | |
| Melaleuca argentea W.Fitzg | |
Melaleuca argentea, commonly known as the silver cajuput, silver cadjeput or silver-leaved paperbark is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to northern Australia. It is a common tree along river banks or around swamps in the tropics. It has papery bark and weeping foliage and has been the subject of important scientific research.
Description
Melaleuca bracteata is a tree usually to 8 metres (30 ft) but sometimes to 20 metres (70 ft) with lance-shaped, straight or sickle-shaped leaves, 3-veined, 50–120 millimetres (2–5 in) long and about 6–15 millimetres (0.2–0.6 in) wide. Mature leaves are pale, silvery green and the young growth is soft, silvery and covered with silky soft hairs. The leaves are aromatic when crushed. The stamens are arranged in five bundles (or "claws") around the flower and in this species there are 3-7 stamens per claw.
The fruits are cup-shaped to cylindrical, 3–4 millimetres (0.1–0.2 in) in diameter and loosely spaced along the branches.[1][2]
Taxonomy and naming
Melaleuca argenta was first described in 1918 by William Fitzgerald in "Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Western Australia" from specimens he collected from the "Isdell, Charnley, Fitzroy, Ord, Denham Rivers, etc."[3] The specific epithet (argentea) is from the Latin argenteus, meaning "silvery".[4]
Distribution and habitat
Silver cajuput occurs in the Kimberley district of Western Australia, the Top End of the Northern Territory and north Queensland.[1] Forests of Melaleuca argentea occur along swampy drainage lines in similar niches to Melaleuca quinquenervia which they displace in the far northern coastal portions of the wet tropics bioregion.[5]
Ecology
The life span of this species has been determined to be greater than 20 years. It first forms seeds at the age of 6–10 years and recovers from fire by regrowing from a lignotuber.[6]
Uses
Horticulture
Melaleuca argentea is an attractive, weeping, silver-leaved tree suitable for tropical and sub-tropical areas. It is used as an ornamental tree in Brisbane.[1]
Scientific research
Research has been undertaken to determine the water use characteristics of Melaleuca argentea in the Pilbara region of Western Australia so that its response to changes in water levels over time can be predicted.[7] Daily and seasonal water use patterns of this species have also been determined. The information is important because vegetation along riverbanks protects water quality, regulating stream temperature (through shading), water turbidity and river bank stability. Riparian communities are important wildlife corridors and often have higher biodiversity than surrounding ecosystems.[8]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Holliday, Ivan (2004). Melaleucas : a field and garden guide (2nd ed. ed.). Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Reed New Holland Publishers. pp. 22–23. ISBN 1876334983.
- ↑ "Melaleuca argentea". Australian tropical rainforest plants. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
- ↑ "Melaleuca argentea". APNI. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
- ↑ "argenteus". Wiktionary. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
- ↑ "Sclerophyll forests and woodlands of the wet tropics bioregion" (PDF). Wet tropic management authority. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
- ↑ "Fire responses of Melaleuca argentea". Northern lands manager. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
- ↑ "Determining water level ranges of Pilbara riparian species" (PDF). Government of Western Australia department of water. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
- ↑ O'Grady, A.P.; Eamus, D.; Cook, P.G.; Lamontagne, S. (2005). "Comparative water use by the riparian trees Melaleuca argentea and Corymbia bella in the wet–dry tropics of northern Australia" (PDF). Tree physiology 26: 219–228. Retrieved 7 March 2015.