Mehmed VI

Mehmed VI
Caliph of Islam
Amir al-Mu'minin
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques

Official portrait of Mehmed VI
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Reign 3 July 1918 – 1 November 1922
Sword Girding 4 June 1918
Predecessor Mehmed V
Grand Viziers See list
Caliph of Islam
Reign 3 July 1918 – 19 November 1922
Coronation None
Predecessor Mehmed V
Successor Abdülmecid II [1]
Spouse Nazikedâ Kadınefendi
Inşirah Hanımefendi
Müveddet Kadınefendi
Nevvare Hanımefendi
Nevzad Hanımefendi
Issue Münire Sultan
Fatma Ulviye Sultan
Emine_Nazikedâ_Kadınefendi
Ertuğrul_Osman
House Osman
Father Abdülmecid I
Mother Gülüstü Kadın Efendi
Born 2 February 1861
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
Died 16 May 1926 (aged 65)
Sanremo, Italy
Burial Damascus, Syria
Religion Islam
Signature
Royal styles of
Mehmed VI
Reference style His Imperial Majesty
Spoken style Your Imperial Majesty
Alternative style Sire
Photograph of Mehmet VI by Sébah & Joaillier, c. 1920
Departure of Mehmed VI, last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, 1922

Mehmed VI (Ottoman Turkish: محمد السادس Meḥmed-i sâdis, وحيد الدين Vahideddin. Turkish: Vahideddin or VI. Mehmed) (14 January 1861 – 16 May 1926) was the 36th and last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, reigning from 1918 to 1922. The brother of Mehmed V, he succeeded to the throne as the eldest male member of the House of Osman after the 1916 suicide of Abdülaziz's son Yusuf Izzettin Efendi,[2] the heir to the throne. He was girded with the Sword of Osman on 4 June 1918, as the thirty-sixth padishah. His father was Sultan Abdülmecid I and mother was Gülüstü (1831 – May 1861), an ethnic Abkhazian, daughter of Prince Tahir Bey Çaçba and his wife Afişe Lakerba, originally named Fatma Çaçba.[3] Mehmed was removed from the throne when the Ottoman sultanate was abolished in 1922.

Biography

He was born in the Dolmabahçe Palace or the Beşiktaş Palace, Beşiktaş, both in Istanbul.[4][5]

Reign

The First World War was a disaster for the Ottoman Empire. British and allied forces had conquered Baghdad, Damascus, and Jerusalem during the war and most of the Empire was divided among the European allies. At the San Remo conference of April 1920, the French were granted a mandate over Syria and the British were granted one over Palestine and Mesopotamia. On 10 August 1920, Mehmed's representatives signed the Treaty of Sèvres, which recognized the mandates and recognized Hejaz as an independent state.

Turkish nationalists rejected the settlement by the Sultan's four signatories. A new government, the Turkish Grand National Assembly, under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) was formed on 23 April 1920, in Ankara (then known as Angora). The new government denounced the rule of Mehmed VI and a temporary constitution was drafted.

Exile and death

The Turkish Grand National Assembly abolished the Sultanate on 1 November 1922, and Mehmed was expelled from Constantinople. Leaving aboard the British warship Malaya on 17 November, he went into exile in Malta; Mehmed later lived on the Italian Riviera.

On 19 November 1922, Mehmed's first cousin and heir Abdülmecid Efendi was elected Caliph, becoming the new head of the Imperial House of Osman as Abdülmecid II before the Caliphate was abolished by the Turkish Grand National Assembly in 1924.

Mehmed died on 16 May 1926 in Sanremo, Italy, and was buried at the Tekkiye Mosque of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent in Damascus.[6]

Marriages and issue

First marriage and issue

His first marriage was to Abkhazian HH Emine Nazikedâ Kadınefendi (Sukhumi, Georgia, 9 October 1866 - Maadi, Cairo, 1944 and buried there) in the Ortaköy Palace, Istanbul, on 8 June 1885, daughter of Prince Hasan Ali Bey Marşania by his wife Princess Fatma Horecan Aredba.[3] Their issue was:

Second marriage

His second marriage was to Georgian HH Seniye Inşirah Hanımefendi (Batumi, 10 July 1887 - Cairo, 10 June 1930) at the Çengelköy Palace, Çengelköy, Üsküdar, Istanbul, on 8 July 1905, daughter of Aziz Bey Voçibe.[3] The marriage ended in divorce on 7 November 1909.

Third marriage and issue

His third marriage was to Abkhazian HH Şadiye Müveddet Kadınefendi (Adapazarı, 12 October 1893 – Çengelköy Palace, Çengelköy, Üsküdar, Istanbul, 1951 and buried there), at the Çengelköy Palace, Çengelköy, Üsküdar, Istanbul, on 25 April 1911, daughter of Kato Davut Bey Çıhcı by his wife Ayşe Hanım.[3] Their only issue was:

Fourth marriage

His fourth marriage was to Abkhazian HH Nevvare Hanımefendi (Adapazarı, 4 May 1901 – ?) at the Dolmabahçe Palace, Istanbul, on 20 June 1918. They divorced on 20 May 1924, daughter of Mustafa Bey Çıhcı by his wife Hafize Kap,[3] without issue.

Fifth marriage

His fifth marriage was to Turkish HH Nimet Nevzad Hanımefendi (Istanbul, 2 March 1902 – bef. 1985/199?) at the Yıldız Palace, Istanbul, on 1 September 1921, daughter of Şaban Efendi Bargu by his wife Hatice Hanım,[3] and was without issue.

Titles and styles

His Imperial Majesty, the Grand Sultan Mehmed VI Vahid ed-din, Sultan of the Ottomans, Commander of the Faithful and Successor of the Prophet of the Universe.

Notes

  1. ↑ Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Abdümecid II". Encyclopedia Britannica. I: A-ak Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica Inc. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8
  2. ↑ Freely, John, Inside the Seraglio, 1999, Chapter 16: The Year of Three Sultans.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Harun Açba (2007). Kadın efendiler: 1839-1924. Profil. ISBN 978-9-759-96109-1.
  4. ↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), The Encyclopædia Britannica 7 (3), Constantinople, the capital of the Turkish Empire.
  5. ↑ Britannica, Istanbul:When the Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923, the capital was moved to Ankara, and Constantinople was officially renamed Istanbul in 1930.
  6. ↑ Freely, John, Inside the Seraglio, published 1999, Chapter 19: The Gathering Place of the Jinns

Further reading

External links

Media related to Mehmed VI at Wikimedia Commons

Mehmed VI
House of Osman
Born: 14 January 1861 Died: 16 May 1926
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Mehmed V		 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
3 July 1918 – 1 November 1922 		Succeeded by
Sultanate abolished
Sunni Islam titles
Preceded by
Mehmed V		 Caliph of Islam
3 July 1918 – 19 November 1922 		Succeeded by
Abdülmecid II
Titles in pretence
Preceded by
Sultanate abolished		 — TITULAR —
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
1 November 1922 – 19 November 1922		 Abdülmecid II