Meerut

This article is about the city in Uttar Pradesh, India. For its namesake district, see Meerut district.
Meerut
मेरठ
Metropolitan City

Martyr's Memorial
Nickname(s): Sports Capital of India, Scissor City
Meerut
Coordinates: 28°59′N 77°42′E / 28.99°N 77.70°ECoordinates: 28°59′N 77°42′E / 28.99°N 77.70°E
Country  India
State Uttar Pradesh
District Meerut
Government
 • Mayor Mr. Harikant Ahluwalia (BJP)
Area
 • Metropolitan City 141.89 km2 (54.78 sq mi)
 • Metro 177.57 km2 (68.56 sq mi)
Elevation 224.659 m (737.070 ft)
Population (2011)[1]
 • Metropolitan City 1,309,023
 • Density 9,200/km2 (24,000/sq mi)
 • Metro[2] 1,424,908
Languages
 • Official Hindi, Punjabi
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN 250 0xx
Telephone code 91- 121- XXXX XXXX
Vehicle registration UP-15
Website meerut.nic.in

Meerut  pronunciation ) is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.[3] It is an ancient city with settlements dating back to the Indus Valley civilization having been found in and around the area. The city lies 70 km (43 mi) northeast of the national capital New Delhi, and 453 km (281 mi) northwest of the state capital, Lucknow.[4] It is the second largest city in the National Capital Region of India (the largest being Delhi), and as of 2011 the 33rd most populous urban agglomeration and the 26th most populous city in India.[5][6] It ranked 292 in 2006 and is projected to rank 242 in 2020 in the list of largest cities and urban areas in the world.[7] The municipal area (as of 2001) is 141.89 km2 (54.78 sq mi)[8] with the cantonment covering 35.68 km2 (3,568.06 ha).[9] The city is one of the largest producers of sports goods, and the largest producer of musical instruments in India. The city is also an education hub in western Uttar Pradesh.

Etymology

The city may have derived its name from Maya Rashtra, the capital of the kingdom of Mayasura, Mandodari's father and Ravana's father-in-law. This name may have mutated to Mairashtra, Mai-dant-ka-khera, Mairaath and eventually Meerut.[10][11]

According to another version, Maya(sura), being a distinguished architect, received from King Yudhisthira the land on which the city of Meerut now stands and he called this place Mayarashtra, a name which in the course of time became shortened to Meerut. Tradition also has it that the city formed a part of the dominions of Mahipala, the king of Indraprastha, and the word Meerut is associated with his name.[12]

History

After the archaeological excavations at ‘Vidura-ka-tila’, a collection of several mounds named after Vidura, in 1950–52, a site 37 km (23 miles) north-east of Meerut, it was concluded to be remains of the ancient city of Hastinapur, the capital of Kauravas and Pandavas of Mahabharata, which was washed away by Ganges floods.[13][14][15]

Fragment of the 6th Ashoka Pillar in sandstone, with inscription or Edicts of Ashoka, in Brahmi, originally from Meerut, now in the British Museum.[16]

Meerut also contained a Harappan settlement known as Alamgirpur. It was also the easternmost settlement of the Indus valley civilisation. Meerut had been a centre of Buddhism in the period of Mauryan Emperor Ashoka (r. 273 BC to 232 BC.), and remains of Buddhist structures were found near the Jama Masjid in the present day city.[17] The Ashoka Pillar, at Delhi ridge, next to the ‘Bara Hindu Rao Hospital’, near Delhi University, was carried to Delhi from Meerut, by Firuz Shah Tughluq (r. 1351–1388);[14][18][19] it was later damaged in a 1713 explosion, and restored in 1867.[20]

In the eleventh century AD, the south-west part of the district was ruled by Har Dat, the Dor Raja of Bulandshahr who built a fort, which was long known for its strength and finds mention in Ain-i-Akbari.[21] He was later defeated by Mahmud Ghazni in 1018. A prominent local landmark, the Jama Masjid, dates from this period and is said to have been built by Mahmud's vizir. Shortly after its capture the city was regained by the local Hindu Raja and part of his fortifications, built for the city’s defence, survived until recent times. The first big invasion on the city came later in 1192 AD, from Mohammad Ghori, when his general Qutb-ud-din Aybak attacked the city, and a much worse fate lay ahead for the district, which came with the invasion of Timur in 1398, during which the Rajputs offered a tough resistance at the fort of Loni, where he fought the Sultan of Delhi, Muhammad Tughlaq. But, eventually they were all defeated and all the 1,00,000 prisoners his army had taken in since his invasion of India were massacred, according to Timur’s own accounts in Tuzk-e-Taimuri.[22] Thereafter he went on to attack Delhi, where he again massacred the local population, and returned to attack Meerut town, then ruled by an Afghan chief, Ilias, and took the city in two days, leading to widespread devastation, before heading north once again.[23]

The city then came under the rule of the Mughal Empire and saw a period of relative tranquility.[23] During the rule of Mughal Emperor, Akbar the Great (r. 1556–1605), there was a mint for copper coins here.[17] During the decline of the Mughal Empire, after the death of Aurangzeb, the city came effectively under the control of local chieftains, the Saiyids of Muzaffarnagar in the north, the Jats in the south-east, and the Gujars along the Ganges and in the south-west. The city saw Sikh and Maratha invasions in the 18th century, with interruptions by Jats and Rohillas. Walter Reinhardt, an English soldier, established himself at Sardhana and some parts of the district came under his rule. Upon his death, they came into the hands of Begum Samru. During this time, the southern part of the district had remained under Maratha rule. In 1803, with the fall of Delhi, Daulat Rao Scindia of the Marathas ceded the territory to the British. The city was made headquarters of the eponymous district in 1818.[23][24][25]

1857 Mutineers' Mosque

Meerut is famously associated with the Indian Rebellion of 1857 against the British East India Company.[26] The famous slogan "Dilli Chalo" ("Let's march to Delhi!") was first raised here. Meerut cantonment is the place where the rebellion started when Hindu and Muslim soldiers were given rifle cartridges rumoured to have a coating made of animal fat.

The revolt, which catapulted Meerut into international prominence, started in March, 1857 at Barrackpore, Bengal. Sepoy Mangal Pandey shot and missed two Europeans, failed to kill himself, and was hanged. By April, the fire of Pandey’s Uprising scorched north India and reached Meerut, the second-largest East India Company garrison. Here, Europeans and native sepoys were evenly balanced, with a little more than 2,000 on each side. The European cantonment was separated from the ‘native lines.’ Close by were Sadar Bazar and Lal Kurti Bazar, the latter named after the red uniforms worn by Company soldiers. On 24 April 1857, Meerut’s commander, Colonel CarmichaelSmyth, paraded 90 Indian sepoys of the Bengal Cavalry, hired mostly from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. He ordered them to fire the new Enfield cartridges: 85 refused. The cartridges were covered with paper that had to be torn off: Muslims believed the paper was greased with pig and Hindus, with cow fat.[27]

All 85 were stripped of their uniforms, imprisoned for ten years and shackled - this was a major humiliation. The rebels were from the 3rd cavalry: they owned their horses, and were the upper-caste elite. If they could be shackled, what could others expect from the Company? On Sunday, 10 May 1857, Kotwal Dhan Singh Gurjar opened the gates of the prison. These soldiers, along with other imprisoned soldiers escaped prison and declared themselves free, revolted, attacked and killed several of the British authorities to take the city in their control. This marked the beginning of a widespread revolt across northern India as these soldiers marched towards Delhi. 10 May is still celebrated as a local holiday in Meerut.[28]

The United Provinces, in 1903

Meerut was also the venue of the controversial Meerut Conspiracy Case in March 1929, in which several trade unionists, including three Englishmen, were arrested for organising Indian-rail strike. This immediately caught attention back in England, inspired the 1932 play titled Meerut Prisoners, by Manchester street theatre group, the 'Red Megaphones', highlighting the detrimental effects of colonisation and industrialisation[29] Electricity was brought to Meerut in 1931.[24] In the 1940s, Meerut cinemas had a "Don't Move" policy during playing of the British national anthem. The last session of the Indian National Congress before Indian independence was held at Victoria Park in Meerut on 26 November 1946. It was in this session that the Constitution-making committee was constituted.[30]

The city and district also suffered from communal (Hindu-Sikh) riots in 1984[31] and (Hindu-Muslim) riots in 1982[32] and in 1987, during which the Hashimpura massacre took place, in May 1987, when personnel of the Provincial Armed Constabulary (PAC) allegedly shot dead 42 Muslims, the trial of the case is still pending.[33][34] In 2006, a fire at a consumer electronics "Brand India" fair in Victoria Park Stadium killed at least 100 people, with authorities already confirming 45 fatalities, although a specific figure on a toll was difficult to put and was predicted to be much higher.[35]

Mythology

Climate

Meerut has a monsoon influenced humid subtropical climate characterised by hot summers and cooler winters. Summers last from early April to late June during and are extremely hot, with temperatures reaching 49 °C (120 °F).[3] The monsoon arrives in late June and continues till the middle of September. Temperatures drop slightly, with plenty of cloud cover but with higher humidity. Temperatures rise again in October and the city then has a mild, dry winter season from late October to the middle of March[3] The lowest temperature ever recorded is −0.4 °C (31.3 °F), recorded on Sunday, 6 January 2013.[38] Rainfall is about 845 millimetres (33 in) per annum, which is suitable for growing crops. Most of the rainfall is received during the monsoon. Humidity varies from 30 to 100%.[3] The city receives no snow.

Climate data for Meerut (1971–2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 29.3
(84.7)		 32.2
(90)		 39.5
(103.1)		 43.5
(110.3)		 45.8
(114.4)		 46.1
(115)		 46.0
(114.8)		 40.0
(104)		 39.0
(102.2)		 38.0
(100.4)		 34.5
(94.1)		 30.0
(86)		 46.1
(115)
Average high °C (°F) 21.9
(71.4)		 23.1
(73.6)		 28.7
(83.7)		 36.3
(97.3)		 39.1
(102.4)		 37.6
(99.7)		 33.6
(92.5)		 32.6
(90.7)		 33.7
(92.7)		 32.8
(91)		 28.6
(83.5)		 23.5
(74.3)		 31.1
(88)
Average low °C (°F) 7.2
(45)		 9.1
(48.4)		 13.8
(56.8)		 19.9
(67.8)		 24.3
(75.7)		 26.0
(78.8)		 25.9
(78.6)		 25.5
(77.9)		 23.6
(74.5)		 18.2
(64.8)		 12.4
(54.3)		 8.0
(46.4)		 17.7
(63.9)
Record low °C (°F) 0.2
(32.4)		 0.1
(32.2)		 5.4
(41.7)		 8.3
(46.9)		 15.4
(59.7)		 17.7
(63.9)		 16.5
(61.7)		 19.0
(66.2)		 15.7
(60.3)		 7.2
(45)		 1.8
(35.2)		 0.2
(32.4)		 0.1
(32.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 19.7
(0.776)		 24.9
(0.98)		 24.4
(0.961)		 12.8
(0.504)		 19.1
(0.752)		 71.2
(2.803)		 269.0
(10.591)		 264.7
(10.421)		 95.4
(3.756)		 25.9
(1.02)		 4.3
(0.169)		 13.4
(0.528)		 845.0
(33.268)
Avg. rainy days 1.5 1.7 1.7 0.9 1.6 3.9 10.2 9.4 4.2 1.6 0.4 0.9 38.0
Source: India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2010)[39][40]

Geography

For description of the geography of the district, see Meerut district#Geography.

Meerut is the Largest city in Ncr after Delhi. The city lies between the plains of the Ganges and those of the Yamuna. In area Meerut District covers 2,522 km2 (974 sq mi), which is larger than Delhi (Delhi covers an area of 1,484 km2 [573 sq mi]) Meerut population is 3,443,689, which is three times less than Delhi.

Meerut Cantonment

Mall Road in Meerut Cantonment

Meerut Cantonment was established by the British East India Company in 1803 after the Battle of Laswari. It is the second largest cantonment of India both in land area (3568.06 hectares) and population (90521 people as per 2001 census). The Revolt of 1857 started from "Kali Paltan" in Meerut Cantonment and Indian soldiers stationed here actively participated in the rebellion.[4][9] The cantonment surrounds the old city from 3 sides – from Pallavpuram to Sainik Vihar to Ganga Nagar.[41] It is well connected with the rest of country by roads as well as by rail. The Delhi Niti Paas Road (State Highway No. 45) passes through Meerut Cantonment.[9] Meerut cantonment was the divisional headquarters of the 7th (Meerut) Division of the British Indian Army from 1829 to 1920.

Soldiers from the cantonment have actively participated in the First Battle of Ypres, both the 1st and 2nd Battles of El Alamein, Battle of France, Burma Campaign, the Indo-Pakistani Wars, Bangladesh Liberation War and Kargil War.

It has been the regimental centre of Punjab Regiment Corps of Signals, Jat Regiment, Sikh Regiment and Dogra Regiment in the past.

Development

Atop an under-construction overpass

Meerut is the 63rd-fastest-growing urban area in the world.[42] It is the 14th fastest developing city in India. A June 2011 report by U.S. financial services firm Morgan Stanley gave Meerut the 5th spot on the "vibrancy" index, ahead of Delhi and Mumbai.[43] Meerut ranked second on both the financial penetration index, which measures things like the presence of ATMs and bank branches, and on the consumption index, indicating the city’s transformation into an urban town. While the city ranked in the bottom 10 in job creations, the report suggests that overall there are plenty of signs of "potential for urbanisation," including future employment opportunities.[44] The infrastructure segment of Meerut is currently going through a boom phase with many new projects coming up in and around the city.[45][46] There are many new buildings, shopping complexes, malls, roads, flyovers and apartments coming up. The Upper Ganga Canal Expressway is also under development. On the India City Competitiveness Index, the city ranked 45th in 2010,[47] 37th in 2011[48] and 39th in 2012.[49]

Economy

Industry

The cover of the book Sangeet Puranmal Ka (lit. The Music of Puranmal) by Ramlal. The book was published in 1879 from the city.

Meerut is one of the important industrial towns of western Uttar Pradesh with several traditional and modern industries.[3] It is traditionally known for handloom works and scissors industry.[50] Meerut was one of the first cities in northern India where publishing was set up during the 19th century. It was a major center of commercial publishing during the 1860s and 1870s.[51]

Meerut is a rich agricultural area with such pockets of land that do not fit in for crop purpose. Being in the proximity of Delhi, it is ideal for industry. It is home to 520 micro, small and medium scale industries.[52] As of August 2006, Meerut has about 23,471 industrial units, including 15,510 small-scale units and 7,922 cottage industries.[53]

Existing industries in the city include tyres, textile, transformer, sugar, distillery, chemical, engineering, paper, publishing, and sports goods manufacture.[50][54][52] Prospective industries include IT and ITES.[55] The city is home to some prominent regional pharmaceuticals companies like Perk Pharmaceuticals Limited, Mankind Pharma & Bestochem.[56] Meerut is one of the major manufacturing regions for sports goods in India.[56][57][58] The city is especially famous for the manufacture of cricket goods with SG being the largest Indian cricket goods manufacturer and exporter operating in Meerut.[59] Meerut is also a hub of gold design in India. Meerut is also the largest manufacturer of musical instruments in India.[56][57] Meerut is also home to a battle gear and armoury industry which produces gear for use in Hollywood films and television series. Notable uses have been in the movies Gladiator, 300 and the television series Spartacus: Blood and Sand. The industry is pegged to be around INR25 crore (US$4.0 million) per annum.[60]

Uttar Pradesh State Industrial Development Corporation (UPSIDC) has two industrial estates in the city, namely Partapur and Udyog Puram.[61][62]

Retail

Melange Mall and multiplex at Pallavpuram

Aside shops representing a range of well-known brands, car showrooms, hotels, bars and clubs, the city's gold market is one of Asia’s largest, employing over 25,000 skilled craftsmen and processing around 60 kilograms of the precious metal per day.[63] The city has over 40 BIS Hallmark showrooms.

Revenue generation

Meerut has shown healthy numbers in terms of revenue generation. In 2005–06, Meerut occupied the fifth slot and contributed Rs 10,306 crore to the direct tax collection. It slipped to number six in 2006–07 when the revenue collection at Rs 11,203 crore was 18% lower than the target of Rs 13,627 crore. According to statistics compiled by the Income Tax department, Meerut contributed a Rs.10,089 crore to the national treasury in 2007/08, overall it was ranked 9th outperforming Lucknow, Jaipur, Bhopal, Kochi and Bhubaneshwar.[64]

Civic administration

Meerut district is divided into three tehsils, namely Meerut, Mawana and Sardhana. These tehsils are further divided into 12 blocks.[65]

The city is administered by Meerut Municipal Corporation, which is responsible for performing civic administrative functions administered by Mayor and Municipal Commissioner (PCS Officer). Infrastructure development of the city is looked after by the Meerut Development Authority (MDA) administered by Divisional Commissioner (Chairman) and Vice Chairman (PCS Officer).

Meerut is the headquarters of NCR Zone and UP West Zone A of Police. An ADG and a secretary level IAS officer cover West UP Zone. Both the officers look after the legal and developmental condition and system of Western Uttar Pradesh from Meerut for 6 Division of western Uttar Pradesh, namely Meerut, Agra, Bareily Moradabad, Saharanpur and Aligarh under West Zone, and Meerut Division with Saharanpur is in NCR Zone. A DIG looks after Meerut for legal condition and law, Commissioner also looks for 6 district of Meerut Division.

The office of the Chief Commissioner, Customs & Central Excise, Meerut Zone, has jurisdiction over 13 districts of Uttrakhand and 14 districts of Uttar Pradesh. This jurisdiction was carved out of the Lucknow Zone. It comprises the erstwhile Customs & Central Excise Commissionerates of Meerut & Noida. The Meerut Commissionerate was bifurcated into two Commissionerates, namely, ‘Meerut-I and Ghaziabad’ and the Noida Commissionerate was bifurcated into ‘Noida and Meerut-II’. In addition, jurisdiction of Central Excise Division Bareilly was included in the jurisdiction of Meerut-II Commissionerate.[66]

Transport

Air

The nearest airport is the Indira Gandhi International Airport which is about 100 km away.

The Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar airstrip is located at Partapur. It was proposed by the state government that the airstrip be converted to an international airport to reduce pressure on Delhi airport.[67] However, Plans to expand the airstrip were called off after protests against land acquisition started in other parts of the state.[68] Following an accident in May 2012, the city administration barred private flights from using the airstrip.[69]

Road

By road Meerut is well-connected to major cities like Delhi, Noida, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Haridwar, etc. A large number of people commute to Delhi, Noida, Greater Noida, Ghaziabad and Gurgaon every day for work. Three national highways (NH-58, NH-119 & NH-235) pass through Meerut. Upper Ganga Canal Expressway which passes through outskirts of the city is under development.

There are 2 main bus terminals, namely Bhainsali bus terminal and Sohrab Gate bus terminal from where Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (UPSRTC) buses ply to cities all over the state and all nearby cities.

As Meerut has been declared a metropolitan city in 2007, JNNURM scheme has been put in place.[57] Low Floor City Buses (under JNNURM), Normal City Buses, auto rickshaws and rickshaws are convenient public transport options to commute within the city.[70] Many new transport infrastructure projects like inner ring road, outer ring road and construction of new flyovers are proposed.[71][72] and soon after within a span of 2 years an approximate count of about 10 overpasses were built in the city.

Delhi-Meerut Expressway

A proposal for a Ghaziabad to Meerut expressway was mentioned in the Lok Sabha by the then Minister of State for Urban Affairs and Employment in March 1999.[73] The proposal again found mention in a February 2000 seminar speech by the then Union Urban Development Minister.[74]

An expressway from Delhi to Meerut via Ghaziabad was then proposed under the NCR Transport Plan 2021, which was notified in September 2005. The Delhi to Ghaziabad section was to be taken up in 2001-11 with the Ghaziabad to Meerut scheduled 2011-21.[75][76] In February 2006, the Committee on infrastructure gave approval for a feasibility study for the expressway.[77] The decision to build the expressway was announced in the 2006 budget speech by then Finance Minister P. Chidambaram.[78][79] Construction of 1,000 km of expressways under National Highway Development Program (NHDP) Phase-VI was approved in November 2006.[80] In December 2006, it was reported that 600 km of expressways would be chosen from among the proposed expressways including the Delhi-Meerut expressway for the first stage of NHDP Phase-VI on the basis of a prioritization study being taken up by the NHAI.[80][81]

In April 2008, it was reported that proposals had been invited from consultants for deciding the alignment of the expressway.[82] In November 2009, it was reported that the alignment study had been completed and a consultant had been appointed for the feasibility study for the project, with the expected completion of the study by May 2010.[83] In August 2011, it was reported that the expressway was targeted for completion by December 2015.[84] In October 2011, it was reported that the feasibility report was under progress and the project was to be taken up under NHDP Phase-VI. The alignment proposed was to be along NH-24 from Nizammuddin to Dasna and then to Meerut.[85] In December 2011, the December 2015 targeted completion date was reaffirmed and the feasibility report submitted by the appointed consultant was said to be under study.[86]

In May 2012, it was reported that the original target of awarding concession by 2009-10 was not completed due to various problems regarding alignment finalisation, and the consequent delay in feasibility reports.[87] In July 2013, the Steering Group appointed by the Prime Minister to accelerate Infrastructure Investment decided on 15 March 2014 as the last date for awarding of contract for the expressway.[88]

In August 2013, it was reported that the expressway was targeted for the contemporary financial year.[89] In November 2013, it was reported that the stretch from Delhi up to UP Gate was to be converted from six lanes to fourteen lanes with six lanes grade-separated exclusively for traffic moving towards Meerut. The stretch from UP Gate to Dasna was to be eight laned and a new six lane alignment was to come up from Dasna to Meerut bypass on NH-58. The project cost, including land acquisition, was estimated at INR6450 crore (US$1.0 billion).[90]

As of December 2013, the Delhi-Meerut expressway proposal is under preparation for consideration of Public Private Partnership Appraisal Committee with proposals for a flyover at Mohan Nagar, a 4710 m long viaduct at Modinagar and a 1710 m long viaduct at Murad Nagar.[91] The project involves 6-laning of NH-58 from UP Gate to Partapur.[92]

Railways

Meerut has four railway stations: Meerut City, Meerut Cantt, Partapur and Pabli Khas. Meerut City station is the busiest in the city. The railway line between Delhi and Meerut was constructed in 1864[24] and the Meerut Cantt station, which serves as a secondary railway station was founded in 1865. Meerut lies on the Delhi–Saharanpur railway line.

About 20,000 passengers travel daily to Delhi and back. Around 27 pairs of trains run between Meerut and Delhi, and four between Meerut and Khurja. Two trains are available for Lucknow daily, namely Nauchandi Express and Rajya Rani Express. A weekly train goes to Chennai and Kuchuvelli. Ahemdabad Mail connects the city to Gujrat, and Chhattisgarh Express to Chhattisgarh state.

Rapid Rail

The NCR Transport Plan 2021 proposed a rail-based mass transit system called Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) between Delhi to Meerut with the Shahdara-Ghaziabad section scheduled for construction during 2001-11 and the Ghaziabad-Meerut section scheduled for 2011-21.[75]

In September 2010, the RRTS was reported to be proposed between Anand Vihar and Meerut with the project in its initial stages. The cost was projected to be around INR1000 crore (US$160 million) with the expected time of the journey being 45 minutes.[93] In November 2010, the train speed was proposed to be between 130-160 kmph with stations at Anand Vihar, Sahibabad, Mohan Nagar, Ghaziabad, Guldhar, Duhai, Moradnagar, Modinagar, Meerut South, Shatabdi Nagar, Meerut Centre, Begumpul, Meerut North, Pallavpuram.[94]

On 14 December 2010, the NCR Planning Board, Meerut Development Authority (MDA) and Nagar Nigam Meerut approved this system.[95] In August 2011, it was reported that the project tender had been awarded to Delhi Integrated Multi-Modal Transit System (DIMTS). The proposed system was to have dedicated trains between Anand Vihar and Meerut, which stop nowhere in between, and trains which stop at stations to be constructed after a gap of 4–5 km. The reported stations were Anand Vihar, Vaishali, Mohan Nagar, Meerut Road (Airtel Cut) Morta, Duhai, Muradnagar, Gang Nahar, Modi Nagar, Mohiuddinpur, Meerut Bypass Cut and Pallavpuram with completion expected in 2017. The track between Anand Vihar to Dabur was proposed to be underground with the rest of the track overhead.[96]

On 11 July 2013, the Union Cabinet of India approved the formation of the National Capital Region Transport Corporation Limited (NCRTCL) with a seed capital of INR100 crore (US$16 million). The corporation is to take up the construction of the 90 km long Delhi-Ghaziabad-Meerut corridor on a priority basis (along with two other corridors) with planned completion in 2016.[97] It was reported that the Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) for the three corridors were under the process of finalization.[98]

In December 2013, problems were reported in the proposed alignment of the Delhi-Meerut corridor.[99] In January 2014, it was reported that the proposed alignment had to be changed due to objections by NHAI and the feasibility report had to be prepared again. The new proposed alignment increased the length from 90 km to 106 km.[100]

Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the Meerut Urban Agglomeration (including the area under the Municipal Corporation and the Cantonment Board), has a population of around 1.4 million,[2] with the municipality contributing roughly 1.31 million of it.[1] This makes Meerut the 33rd most populous urban agglomeration and the 26th most populous city in India. The sex ratio in Meerut is 888, lower than the state average of 908; while the child sex ratio is 847, lower than the state average of 899. 12.41% of the population is under 6 years of age. The overall literacy rate is 78.29%, higher than the state average of 69.72%.[2][101] Meerut has a crime rate (total cognizable crimes under IPC per lakh population) of 309.1, higher than the state average of 96.4 and the national average of 196.7.[102]

According to the 2001 census, the city ranked 2nd in terms of population in NCR[103] and 25th in India.[104]

Historical Population Statistics[21][24][105][lower-alpha 1]
Year Male Female Total Growth
1847 NA NA 29,014
1853 NA NA 82,035 182.74%
1872 NA NA 81,386 -0.79%
1881 NA NA 99,565 22.34%
1891 NA NA 119,390 19.91%
1901 65,822 (55.53%) 52,717 (44.47%) 118,539 -0.71%
1911 66,542 (57.05%) 50,089 (42.95%) 116,631 -1.6%
1921 71,816 (58.57%) 50,793 (41.43%) 122,609 5.12%
1931 80,073 (58.57%) 56,636 (41.43%) 136,709 11.49%
1941 98,829 (58.38%) 70,461 (41.62%) 169,290 23.83%
1951 133,094 (57.08%) 100,089 (42.92%) 233,183 37.74%
1961 157,572 (55.48%) 126,425 (44.52%) 283,997 21.79%
  1. ↑ Includes municipality and cantonment populations
Population Statistics[lower-alpha 1]
Year Male Female Total Growth rate Sex ratio[lower-alpha 2]
2001[106] 621,481 (53.50%) 540,235 (46.50%) 1,161,716 NA NA
2011[2] 754,857 (52.98%) 670,051 (47.02%) 1,424,908 22.66% 888
  1. ↑ For Meerut Urban Agglomeration, includes municipality and cantonment populations
  2. ↑ In females per 1000 males
Literacy Rate (Percentage)
Year Male Female Total
2001[107] 65.22 53.17 59.62
2011[2] 83.74 (+18.52) 72.19 (+19.02) 78.29 (+18.67)

Culture

Most traditional Indian festivals, including Holi, Dussehra, Diwali, Eid among others are celebrated with fervor in the city. Notably, a fair by the name of Nauchandi Fair is held two weeks after Holi every year.[108] The fair, which started in 1672,[109] continues for about 15 days and is attended by lakhs of people. It includes events such as poetry recitations in Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi etc.[110] The Khariboli dialect of the Hindustani language is the dominant language for conversation with official business being conducted in either English, Hindi or Urdu.

Meerut is the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Meerut Diocese, which covers the districts of Meerut, Muzaffarnagar, Saharanpur, Dehradun, Haridwar, Moradabad, Rampur, Jyotiba Phule Nagar, Ghaziabad, Baghpat and Dhampur Tehsil of Bijnor district.[111]

Film and television

Meerut is home to a booming local film industry, which has a large following in Western Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. The films are usually folklore stories or comedies or localised versions of Bollywood hits.[112]

Notable people from Meerut in the film and television industry include Aziz Mian, Mandakini,[113] Achint Kaur,[114][115] Kailash Kher,[116] Chitrangada Singh,[115][117] Vishal Bhardwaj,[115] Deepti Bhatnagar[115][117][118] and Pravesh Rana.[119]

Education

Meerut is an education hub of Western Uttar Pradesh with four universities, approximately 50 engineering colleges, 23 management colleges, seven pharmacy colleges, four colleges offering hotel management, one college offering fashion design, over 150 academic colleges and over 50 schools. The city is home to Chaudhary Charan Singh University (formerly Meerut University), Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University and Shobhit University. The city has one government-run engineering college, Sir Chhotu Ram Institute of Engineering and Technology, which is a constituent college of Chaudhary Charan Singh University. The city also has St. John's Sr. Sec.School, which was established by Begum Samru and is over 130 years old.

Chaudhary Charan Singh University (CCSU) is public and state university whuch has many degree colleges affiliated to it. They fall in two divisions: Saharanpur and Meerut with nine districts including Saharanpur, Meerut, Muzaffarnagar, Shamli, Gautam Budh Nagar, Bagpat, Hapur, Bulandshahr and Ghaziabad administered by Vice Chancellor and Registrar (PCS officer). The Indian Film and Television Institute is located at the western bypass of the city. The city has two medical colleges: Subharti Medical College and Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Medical College.

The city has many madrasahs which provide religious education as well as modern education with computer learning. The city also has coaching institutions for preparing students for entrance exams of engineering and medical fields. Nearest government university which offers degree in Engineering,Science,Management and Humanities is Gautam Buddha University located in Greater Noida.

Media

Meerut is becoming an important media center, as journalists from all over Uttar Pradesh and other Indian states are working in Meerut. As media centres are situated in Meerut, the city is getting a good amount of publicity on the national platform. The law and order situation has improved a lot in the recent past and media has had an important role to play in it. Radio stations shared with Delhi are Radio City 91.1 MHz, Big FM 92.7 MHz, Red FM 93.5 MHz, Radio One 94.3 MHz, Hit 95 (95 MHz), Radio Mirchi 98.3 MHz, AIR FM Rainbow 102.6 MHz, Meow FM 104.8 MHz, AIR FM Gold 106.4 MHz. Radio IIMT (90.4 MHz)[120] is the only radio station located in the city. The Hindi-language daily newspapers Dainik Jagran,[121] Amar Ujala, Dainik Hindustan, Janwani, Hindu, Rashtrasewa, National Duniya, DLA, I-Next are published from the city. The English daily Times of India, Meerut edition[122] and the English language supplement HT City, Meerut with Hindustan Times is also published here. A fortnightly tabloid English Newspaper 'Pulse of Markets' promoting local businesses,[123] and Moneymakers, an English daily are also published here.

Tourist destinations

Augarnath Temple at 2nd Navratri night
St. John's Church
Statue of Mangal Pandey at Martyr's Memorial

Tourist destinations in and around Meerut include:

An entrance to Gandhi Bagh
Basilica of Our Lady of Graces, Sardhana

Other places of interest include Mansa Devi Temple, Baleni, Basilica of Our Lady of Graces, Sardhana and the Chandi Devi Temple which was built by holkar queen Devi Ahiliyabai Holkar.[13][15]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Cities having population 1 lakh and above, Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above, Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 "Chapter 3 – Findings: Metro Cities of India" (PDF). Central Pollution Control Board. p. 63. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 CDP 2006, Chapter 3.0 - City Profile, p. 37
  5. ↑ "Welcome to the National Capital Region(U.P)". Archived from the original on 30 April 2012.
  6. ↑ "NCR - DelhiLive". Retrieved August 2013.
  7. ↑ "A to Z of world’s largest cities and urban areas - Largest cities and urban areas M to R". Retrieved August 2013.
  8. ↑ "Area, Population and Density of Cities and Towns of India – 2001, CHAPTER II - Area and Density – All Cities and Towns" (PDF). Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India. Retrieved 29 September 2013.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "Meerut Cantonment: Historical Background". Retrieved 8 April 2011.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Homepage Meerut Official website.
  11. ↑ Uma Varma, Uttar Pradesh (India). Department of District Gazetteers. Uttar Pradesh State Gazetteer: Social services, culture, places of interest. Uttar Pradesh State Gazetteer 5. Government of Uttar Pradesh, Department of District Gazetteers. p. 359.
  12. ↑ Jagdish Kumar Pundir (1998). Banking, Bureaucracy, and Social Networks: Scheduled Castes in the Process of Development. Sarup & Sons. pp. 49–50. ISBN 9788176250245.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 "Tourist places – Meerut". Archived from the original on 19 June 2009.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 The Imperial Gazetteer 1909, p. 254
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 "Major Attractions". Meerut Development Authority. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 14 March 2012.
  16. ↑ British Museum Highlights
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 The Hindu temples on the plains near Meerut British Library.
  18. ↑ Ashoka Pillar
  19. ↑ Pratiyogita Darpan: General Studies Indian History. Upkar Prakashan. p. 71. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
  20. ↑ Ashokan Pillar restoration
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 The Imperial Gazetteer 1909, p. 264
  22. ↑ 4. Preparation for the Conquest of Delhi... Malfuzat-i Timuri, or Tuzak-i Timuri (Autobiography of Timur), by Amir Tîmûr-i-lang, "The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period", by Sir H. M. Elliot, Edited by John Dowson; London, Trübner Company; 1867–1877.
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  71. ↑ CMP, Proposed Mobility Corridors, p. 12.
  72. ↑ CMP, Road Over Bridges, p. 32.
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Citations

Further reading

External links

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