Maurice J. Tobin

Maurice J. Tobin
Department of Labor portrait by C.J. Fox
6th United States Secretary of Labor
In office
August 13, 1948 – January 20, 1953
President Harry S. Truman
Preceded by Lewis B. Schwellenbach
Succeeded by Martin P. Durkin
56th Governor of Massachusetts
In office
January 3, 1945 – January 2, 1947
Lieutenant Robert F. Bradford
Preceded by Leverett Saltonstall
Succeeded by Robert F. Bradford
47th Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts
In office
1938–1945
Preceded by Frederick Mansfield
Succeeded by John E. Kerrigan
Personal details
Born Maurice Joseph Tobin
May 22, 1901
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Died July 19, 1953 (aged 52)
Scituate, Massachusetts, United States
Resting place Holyhood Cemetery in Brookline, Massachusetts, United States
Political party Democratic
Spouse(s) Helen Noonan Tobin
(m. 1932 - 1953, his death)
Children Helen Louise Tobin
Carol Ann Tobin
Maurice Joseph Tobin, Jr.
Residence Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Alma mater Boston College
Cabinet Harry S. Truman
Religion Roman Catholic

Maurice Joseph Tobin (May 22, 1901 – July 19, 1953) was a Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts, the 56th Governor of Massachusetts, and U.S. Secretary of Labor. He was a Democrat and a liberal who supported the New Deal and Fair Deal programs, and was outspoken in his support for labor unions. However, he had little success battling against the conservative majorities in the Massachusetts legislature, and the US Congress.

Early life and career

Tobin was born in Mission Hill, Boston, Massachusetts on May 22, 1901. Deeply rooted in the highly politicized Irish Catholic community, he was the oldest of four children of James Tobin, a carpenter, and Margaret Daly. He graduated from Boston College and worked for Conway Leather and New England Telephone before entering politics as a protégé of the legendary James Michael Curley. Tobin was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives at the age of 25 and served from 1927 to 1929.

On November 19, 1932, Tobin married the former Helen Noonan (1906-1987) in Brighton, Massachusetts, with whom he had three children. He served on the Boston School Committee from 1931 to 1937, before shocking the political establishment by defeating Curley in the 1937 race for Mayor of Boston.[1]

Mayor and Governor

He served as Mayor from 1938 to 1945, during which time he advocated the Fair Employment Practices Bill, which prohibited discrimination based on race, color, creed, and national origin in hiring or promotion practices. During his tenure as mayor, the Cocoanut Grove fire occurred in Boston. Prior to the fire, club owner Barney Welansky boasted that that club had not needed to adhere to fire codes because Tobin would not permit his club to be closed. Welansky was convicted of manslaughter, and Tobin himself only narrowly escaped indictment. Four years into Welansky's sentence, now-Governor Tobin pardoned him.[2]

Massachusetts Gov. Tobin to seating in the Dedication of the John Harvard Mall in May 1943.

In 1944, Mayor Tobin was elected Governor of Massachusetts, defeating the Republican candidate, Lieutenant Governor Horace T. Cahill. He served one term as Governor from 1945 to 1947. Tobin proposed a liberal agenda that was not accepted by the Republican legislature. He called for additional unemployment benefits, veterans benefits, rent control, and laws to end racial discrimination in hiring. He was a strong supporter of labor unions and helped create the Massport. In 1946, he was defeated for re-election by his Republican opponent, Lieutenant Governor Robert F. Bradford.[3][4]

Secretary of Labor

Maurice J. Tobin with Eleanor Roosevelt.

Governor Tobin remained active in Democratic politics, however, and campaigned vigorously for President Truman in 1948. Tobin repeatedly denounced the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947, making 150 speeches against it in the 1948 election campaign. He argued that it was bad for workers. Upon the Truman's re-election, Tobin was appointed as U.S. Secretary of Labor, a position he held until the close of the Truman Administration in January 1953.

Tobin discovered that the Department of Labor had minimal influence; it did not control the National Labor Relations Board, or the Mediation Service, which were more influential. In 1949 he had president Truman transfer the United States Employment Service and the Unemployment Insurance Service to his department. He also managed to move several smaller bureaus, and he created a Federal Safety Council. Although the Democrats regained control of Congress in 1948 election, the Conservatives were still dominant and Tobin and Truman were unable to repeal Taft-Hartley. His main success was came in the Fair Labor Standards Amendments of 1949, which increased the minimum wage to 75 cents an hour, and strengthened the prohibitions on child labor. Tobin played a role during the Korean War in coordinating defense manpower needs. However in the steel strike of 1952, Tobin came out on the side of the unions, saying that "the time for impartiality" had passed, and that the unions were justified in their wartime strike. In 1951, Tobin attacked Senator Joseph McCarthy, a fellow Irish Catholic, calling on fellow Catholics to repudiate McCarthy's "campaign of terror against free thought in the United States."[5]

Later months and death

Shortly after he left his position on the Truman cabinet in January 1953, Tobin died of a heart attack on July 19, 1953, at his home in Boston, Massachusetts, at the age of 52. He is buried in Holyhood Cemetery in Brookline, Massachusetts.[6]

Legacy

A men's dormitory facility on the Long Island Hospital campus on Long Island in Boston Harbor is dedicated to Tobin. The Tobin Building's cornerstone was laid on November 9, 1940.[7] In 1967, the Mystic River Bridge was renamed the Maurice J. Tobin Memorial Bridge. An elementary school is named after Tobin in the Mission Hill neighborhood of Boston, where he was born.[8] The Psychology Department at the University of Massachusetts Amherst is located in Tobin Hall.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Eleonora W. Schoenebaum, ed. Political Profiles: The Truman Years (1978) pp 553-54
  2. ↑ John C. Esposito, Fire in the Grove: The Cocoanut Grove Tragedy And Its Aftermath, 1st ed., Da Capo Press, 2005. ISBN 0-306-81423-4
  3. ↑ Vincent A. Lapomarda, The Boston Mayor Who Became Truman's Secretary of Labor: Maurice J. Tobin and the Democratic Party, (1995).
  4. ↑ Eleonora W. Schoenebaum, ed. Political Profiles: The Truman Years (1978) pp 553-54
  5. ↑ Eleonora W. Schoenebaum, ed. Political Profiles: The Truman Years (1978) p 554
  6. ↑ Associated Press (July 20, 1953). "Tobin Dies of Heart Attack; Ex-Labor Secretary was 52". The Day. Retrieved 2012-10-16. Former Secretary of Labor Maurice Tobin, one-time Democratic governor of Massachusetts and twice mayor of Boston, died of a heart attack in the arms of ...
  7. ↑ The date is written on a dedicatory plaque on the Tobin Building.
  8. ↑ http://www.boston.k12.ma.us/schools/RC426.pdf

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Political offices
Preceded by
Frederick Mansfield		 Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts
1938–1945 		Succeeded by
John E. Kerrigan
Preceded by
Leverett Saltonstall		 Governor of Massachusetts
January 3, 1945 – January 2, 1947 		Succeeded by
Robert F. Bradford
Preceded by
Lewis B. Schwellenbach		 U.S. Secretary of Labor
Served under: Harry S. Truman
August 13, 1948 – January 20, 1953 		Succeeded by
Martin P. Durkin