Massachusetts Metaphysical College

The Massachusetts Metaphysical College was founded in 1881 by Mary Baker Eddy in Boston, Massachusetts, to teach her school of Christianly scientific metaphysical healing that she named Christian Science. Eddy records in the preface of Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, her chief work on scientific Christian healing, p. xi, that the college was opened, "under the seal of the Commonwealth, of Massachusetts, a law relative to colleges having been passed which enabled her to get this institution chartered for medical purposes." and it was located at 571 Columbus Avenue, Boston. USA.[1] After teaching for almost seven years, Eddy closed this college in 1889 in order to devote herself to the revision of her book, Science and Health, but retained her charter and reopened the College in 1899 as an auxiliary to her Church.[2]

Detail of 1883 map of Boston, showing Columbus Avenue

the Christian Science textbook

The College's founder, Mary Baker Eddy, in the preface to her book, Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, which is the fundamental doctrinal Textbook on Christian Science, outlines a short history of the College as follows:

In 1881, she (Mary Baker Eddy) opened the Massachusetts Metaphysical College in Boston, under the seal of the Commonwealth, a law relative to colleges having been passed, which enabled her to get this institution chartered for medical purposes. No charters were granted to Christian Scientists for such institutions after 1883, and up to that date, hers was the only College of this character which had been established in the United States, where Christian Science was first introduced. During seven years over four thousand students were taught by the author in this College. Meanwhile she was pastor of the first established Church of Christ, Scientist; President of the first Christian Scientist Association, convening monthly; publisher of her own works; and (for a portion of this time) sole editor and publisher of the Christian Science Journal, the first periodical issued by Christian Scientists. She closed her College, October 29, 1889, in the height of its prosperity with a deep-lying conviction that the next two years of her life should be given to the preparation of the revision of SCIENCE AND HEALTH, which was published in 1891. She retained her charter, and as its President, reopened the College in 1899 as auxiliary to her church.[3]

Mark Twain in his book, "Christian Science"

Mark Twain, in his critical and humorous book Christian Science, which was published in January, 1907, mentions an ad run in the Christian Science Journal for September, 1886:

MASSACHUSETTS METAPHYSICAL COLLEGE

REV. MARY BAKER G. EDDY, PRESIDENT
571 Columbus Avenue, Boston

The collegiate course in Christian Science metaphysical healing includes twelve lessons. Tuition, three hundred dollars.

Course in metaphysical obstetrics includes six daily lectures, and is open only to students from this college. Tuition, one hundred dollars.

Class in theology, open (like the above) to graduates, receives six additional lectures on the Scriptures, and summary of the principle and practice of Christian Science, two hundred dollars.

Normal (teachers) class is open to those who have taken the first course at this college; six daily lectures complete the Normal course. Tuition, two hundred dollars.[4]

Judge Septimus J. Hanna

Upon Eddy's decease in December 1910, the By-laws of her church stipulated that the vice-president of the College would replace her as the College's President. This person was Judge Septimus J. Hanna who, with his wife, had been early students of Eddy and who occupied more positions of trust in the Christian Science Church than any other individual.

The Massachusetts Metaphysical College 1882-1889

While Eddy stated that she taught over 4000 students at her College, she might have actually meant the sum total of all students taught under her authority as president as the College including the thousands of students taught when the College was reopened as an auxiliary to her Church in 1899 under the Church's Board of Education. By that time, other teachers such as Eddy's adopted son, Ebenezer Foster-Eddy, Edward Ancel Kimball and Judge Septimus J. Hanna had taught many subsequent classes. Kimball, for example, himself, taught over 150 classes. By 1889, her Normal (teachers class) students had also been teaching under her authority and under her signed certificates in the US and overseas. In any case, John V. Dittimore, former director and clerk of her Church and later Eddy critic, gives a far shorter list in his fairly negative biography on Eddy published in 1932. His list is probably limited to those students, at the College, personally taught by Eddy alone, until she turned over the teaching to Kimball and Hanna. In Dittemore's book, Mary Baker Eddy - The Truth and the Tradition, Dittemore's appendix lists the following students:

According to Dittemore, Mary Baker Eddy personally taught the following students at the Massachusetts Metaphysical College from 1882-1889:

Primary Course

May 12, 1882

Normal (Teachers) Courses

August 8, 1884

  • Miss Julia S. Bartlett
  • Mrs. Mary F. Berry
  • Arthur T. Buswell
  • Calvin A. Frye
  • Mrs. A. V. C. Leavitt
  • Mrs. Delia S. Manley
  • L. M. Marston
  • Mrs. Mary W. Munroe
  • Mrs. H. P. Read
  • Mrs. Melissa J. Smith
  • February 16, 1885
  • Miss Ellen Brown
  • Mrs. Janet T. Coleman
  • Albert B. Dorman
  • Edward H. Hammond
  • Miss Susie M. Lang
  • Mrs. Caroline Dorr Noyes
  • Bradford Sherman
  • Roger Sherman
  • February 22, 1886
  • Mrs. Edith D. Bailey
  • Mrs. Mary A. Batchelder
  • William H. Bradley
  • Miss Ellen E. Cross
  • Mrs. M. A. De Forest-Brown
  • Mrs. E. N. Harris
  • Mrs. Hannah A. Larminie
  • Miss Dora M. Mayo
  • John M. C. Murphy
  • Mrs. M. R. Nutter
  • Mrs. R. J. Robinson
  • Mrs. Augusta E. Stetson
  • Mrs. Josephine C. Woodbury

Metaphysical Obstetrics

June 6, 1887

  • Mrs. Mary M. W. Adams
  • Mrs. Sophia E. Avery
  • Miss Isabel A. Beecher
  • Mrs. Mary F. Berry
  • Joseph S. Eastaman
  • Mrs. Jennie B. Fenn
  • Eugene H. Greene
  • Ira 0. Knapp
  • Mrs. Hannah A. Larminie
  • Mrs. Delia S. Manley
  • John M. C. Murphy
  • Hanover P. Smith
  • Mrs. Elizabeth Webster
  • George B. Wickersham

December 5, 1887

  • Mrs. Mary M. W. Adams
  • Miss Julia S. Bartlett
  • Mrs. Emma D. Behan
  • Mrs. M. Bettie Bell
  • Miss Sarah J. Clark
  • Mrs. Janet T. Coleman
  • Mrs. Nannie G. Davidson
  • Mrs. Laura Lathrop
  • Mrs. A. V. C. Leavitt
  • Mrs. Ellen B. Linscott
  • Mrs. Emma A. McDonald
  • Mrs. Mary W. Munroe
  • Mrs. Caroline Dorr Noyes
  • Mrs. J. E. Robinson
  • Mrs. Laura E. Sargent
  • Mrs. Emma A. Thompson
  • Mrs. Elizabeth Webster

  1. The name of Mrs. Abby H. Corner is omitted as it has seemed impossible to learn the exact class which she attended.
  2. First name unrecorded [5]

While the Bates-Dittemore book is largely critical of Eddy, Dittemore was at one time a Clerk and Director of the Mother Church in Boston and had access to the above information for almost ten years. Numerous individual dates and students have been verified by additional documentary evidence such as the Memoirs of Martha Harris Bogue and Janet Coleman published by Gilbert Carpenter.

Notes

  1. ↑ "Christian Science by Mark Twain, January, 1907 On-line book pg 36-37". Retrieved 2006-05-03.
  2. ↑ "Short biographical sketch on Eddy". Retrieved 2006-05-30.
  3. ↑ Eddy, Mary Baker (1907). Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures. Christian Science Publishing Society. ISBN 1-4043-3285-5., page xi
  4. ↑ "Christian Science by Mark Twain, January, 1907 On-line book pg 36-37". Retrieved 2006-05-03.
  5. ↑ Bates, Ernest Sutherland and Dittemore, John V. (1932). Mary Baker Eddy: The Truth and the Tradition. Alfred A. Knopf., Appendix 2