Mary Scrope

Mary Scrope (died 25 August 1548) was the granddaughter of Henry Scrope, 4th Baron Scrope of Bolton, and the sister of Elizabeth Scrope (d.1537), wife of John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford, and Margaret Scrope (d.1515), wife of Edmund de la Pole, 3rd Duke of Suffolk. She is said to have been in the service at court of King Henry VIII's first four wives. As the wife of Sir William Kingston, Constable of the Tower of London, she was in attendance on Anne Boleyn during the Queen's brief imprisonment in the Tower in May 1536, and both she and her husband were among those who walked with the Queen to the scaffold. By her first husband, Edward Jerningham, she was the mother of Sir Henry Jerningham, whose support helped to place Queen Mary I on the throne of England in 1553, and who became one of Queen Mary's most favoured courtiers.

Family

Mary Scrope was one of the nine daughters of Richard Scrope (d.1485) of Upsall, Yorkshire, the second son of Henry Scrope, 4th Baron Scrope of Bolton (4 June 1418 – 14 January 1459).^[1] Her mother was Eleanor Washbourne (d.1505/6), the daughter of Norman Washbourne (1433-1482).^[2][3][4] She was the sister of Elizabeth Scrope (d.1537), who married firstly William Beaumont, 2nd Viscount Beaumont, and secondly, John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford, and of Margaret Scrope (d.1515), who married Edmund de la Pole, 3rd Duke of Suffolk. She was the niece of John Scrope, 5th Baron Scrope of Bolton.^[5][4]

After the death of Richard Scrope, his widow, Eleanor, married Sir John Wyndham (d.1502).^[6] Wyndham had been knighted on 16 June 1487 at the Battle of Stoke. On 2 May 1502 he was convicted of treason for involvement in the alleged conspiracy of his stepdaughter Margaret Scrope's husband, Edmund de la Pole, 3rd Duke of Suffolk, and was beheaded on Tower Hill on 6 May 1502, together with Sir James Tyrrell.^{[6][7][8][9][10]} In accordance with Richard Scrope's will, Wyndham left three of his stepdaughters, Mary, Katherine and Jane Scrope, £1000 to be divided among them for their dowries.^[11][4]

Career

On 11 May 1509 Mary Scrope's first husband, Edward Jerningham, was one of the gentleman ushers at the funeral of King Henry VII, and Mary herself, as 'Mrs Jerningham', was among the ladies granted mantlets and kerchiefs for the funeral.^[12] On 12 June 'Edward Jerningham and Mary his wife' were granted a life estate in the manors of Lowestoft and Mutford, which had been forfeited to the Crown by the attainder of Mary's brother-in-law, Edmund de la Pole, 3rd Duke of Suffolk.^[13] On 24 June Edward Jerningham was chief cup-bearer at the coronation of Catherine of Aragon, and Mary, listed as 'Mrs Mary Jerningham', was among the ladies granted cloth for gowns for the occasion.^[13] From 1509 until 1527 Mary is said to have been one of the ladies who served the Queen.^[4]

Her first husband, Edward Jerningham, died in 1515, and by 1532 she had married Sir William Kingston, who had been appointed Constable of the Tower of London on 28 May 1524, an office which placed him in charge of state prisoners.^[14] In May 1536 Anne Boleyn, second wife of King Henry VIII, became Kingston's prisoner. During her brief time in the Tower, Anne was attended by four women who had served either Catherine of Aragon or her daughter, Mary, and who were said to have been chosen by Thomas Cromwell because they were 'unsympathetic' to Anne: Lady Kingston; two of Anne's aunts, Lady Shelton and Lady Boleyn; and Lady Coffin,^[15] the wife of her Master of the Horse.^[16] Kingston's original instructions from Cromwell were to discourage conversation with Anne. However according to Ives, Anne herself 'began to babble incriminating material' to her attendants, and in a series of letters Kingston duly informed Cromwell of what Anne had said.^[17] These statements were later used as evidence against her at her trial. Kingston described Anne's attendants as "honest and good women", but Anne termed it "a great unkindness in the King to set such about me as I have never loved".^[18][19][20]

Lady Kingston is said to have been present when Anne Boleyn apologized to Catherine of Aragon's daughter, Mary Tudor,^[21] on the night before her execution, and to have delivered the apology to Mary after Anne’s death.^[4] The Queen was brought to the place of her trial in the King's Hall in the Tower of London on 15 May 1536 by the Constable and Lieutenant of the Tower, accompanied by Lady Kingston and Lady Boleyn.^[22] On 17 May 1536 Sir William Kingston, Lady Kingston, and her three other attendants escorted Anne from her lodgings in the Tower to the scaffold on which she was executed.^[23]

After the death of Anne Boleyn, the King married Jane Seymour, and at the christening of their infant son Prince Edward on 15 October 1537, Lady Kingston carried Mary Tudor's train. A few weeks later, on 12 November 1537, she was one of the twenty-nine women who walked in the funeral procession of Jane Seymour.^[4]

In 1536 Lady Kingston is said to have played a role in Mary Tudor's reconciliation with her father,^[24] and in his life of Mary Tudor, historian David Loades states that Lady Kingston had charge of a joint household for Henry VIII's daughters, Mary and Elizabeth, from March 1538 until April 1539.^[4] A letter from her to Thomas Wriothesley on 3 January 1538 advises of Mary's illness ('My Lady's Grace has been sick ever since Christmas').^[25] Even after she was discharged from that position, Lady Kingston's continuing relationship with the King's elder daughter is attested to by gifts from her listed in Mary Tudor's privy purse accounts, including gifts of £4 in May 1540 and a gold spoon in January 1544.^[26]

In 1539, Lady Kingston was among thirty ladies of the court appointed to serve as "ordinary waiters" to Anne of Cleves.^[4] According to some sources, Lady Kingston was in the service of all four of King Henry VIII's first four wives.^[4] Lady Kingston was even listed as a member of Henry's last queen consort, Catherine Parr's, household.^[27]

Lady Kingston made her will in 1548, and died on 25 August of that year. Among many other bequests, she left a goblet of silver and gilt and a ruby ring to her step-daughter, Lady Anne Grey, and a bed of crimson velvet to her granddaughter, Mary Jerningham. In her will she requested burial at Painswick with her second husband, Sir William Kingston, but was buried at Low Leyton, Essex, on 4 September 1548.^[4] Strype records the following verses commemorating her on a brass plate dating from 1557 on the south wall of the old chancel of the Church of St Mary at Low Leyton:^[28]

Marriages and issue

Mary Scrope married firstly, about 1509, as his second wife, Edward Jerningham (d. 6 January 1515) of Somerleyton, Suffolk,^[29] the son of Sir John Jerningham (d.1503) and Isabel Clifton, the daughter of Sir Gervase Clifton (d.1471) and Isabel Herbert.^[30] Jerningham's first wife was Margaret Bedingfield (d. 24 March 1504),^[31] by whom he had six sons^[32] and two daughters, Mary Scrope's stepchildren:

• Sir John Jerningham (d.1559?) of Somerleyton, who married Bridget Drury (d. 19 January 1518), the daughter of Sir Robert Drury of Hawstead, Suffolk, by whom he had three sons, George (d.1559),^[33] Robert and John, and two daughters, Anne Jerningham, who married Sir Thomas Cornwallis, and Elizabeth Jerningham, who married John Sulyard of Wetherden, Suffolk.^[34] Bridget Drury's name appears on the fly-leaf of the Ellesmere manuscript of The Canterbury Tales now in the Huntington Library, together with the names of four of her brothers and sisters: "William Drury, miles, Robertus Drury, miles, Domina [Anne] Jarmin, Domina [Bridget] Jarningham, and Domina [Ursula] Allington."
• Thomas Jerningham.
• Robert Jerningham (d. 25 April 1528), 'much famed for his valour', who died at the siege of Naples without issue.^[35]
• Nicholas Jerningham.
• Henry Jerningham.
• Fernand Jerningham.
• Margaret Jerningham (d.1559), who married firstly George Blennerhasset, and secondly, Robert Holdich.
• Anne Jerningham (d.1559), who married firstly Sir Edward Grey (d. before 1517), eldest son of Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset; secondly Henry Barlee (1487-November 12, 1529) of Albury, Hertfordshire; thirdly Sir Robert Drury (d. 1 March 1535/6) of Hawstead, Suffolk; and fourthly Sir Edmund Walsingham (d. 10 February 1550) of Chislehurst, Kent.^{[36][37][38][39]}

By Edward Jerningham, Mary Scrope is said to have had four sons and a daughter:^[40][4]

• Sir Henry Jerningham of Costessey Hall, who married Frances Baynham, the daughter of Sir George Baynham (d. 6 May 1546) of Clearwell, Gloucestershire, by whom he had three sons, Henry, William and Francis, and two daughters, Mary, who married Sir Thomas Southwell (d.1568) of Woodrising, Norfolk, and Jeronyma, who married Charles Waldegrave.
• Ferdinand Jerningham.
• Edward Jerningham, born after the death of his father.
• Edmund Jerningham (d. 9 February 1546), whose wardship was granted to his mother's second husband, Sir William Kingston. He was a Gentleman of the Bedchamber to King Henry VIII.^[14]
• Elizabeth Jerningham, Maid of Honour to Queen Mary I.

She married secondly, by 1532, as his third wife, Sir William Kingston (c.1476 – 14 September 1540), Constable of the Tower of London, by whom she had no issue. Kingston had earlier been twice married, to a wife named Elizabeth whose surname is unknown, and to Anne (née Berkeley), the widow of Sir John Gyse or Guise (d. 30 September 1501), and daughter of Sir William Berkeley (d.1501) of Weoley (in Northfield), Worcestershire, by Anne Stafford, daughter of Sir Humphrey Stafford of Grafton, Worcestershire, slain by Jack Cade 7 June 1450.^[41][42] By his first two wives Kingston had a son and daughter:^[14]

• Bridget Kingston, who married Sir George Baynham (d. 6 May 1546) of Clearwell, Gloucestershire, son and heir of Sir Christopher Baynham (d. 6 October 1557).^[43] After the death of Bridget (née Kingston), George Baynham married Cecilia Gage, the daughter of Sir John Gage (1479-1556) of Firle.^[44]

• Sir Anthony Kingston (d.1556), who married firstly, before October 1524, Dorothy Harpur, the daughter of Robert Harpur, and secondly, by 1537, Mary Gainsford, widow of Sir William Courtenay (d.1535) of Powderham, and daughter of Sir John Gainsford of Crowhurst, Surrey. He had no issue by either marriage, but by a mistress had two illegitimate sons, Anthony and Edmund.^[45]

Notes

References

• Alsop, J.D. (2004). "Wyndham, Thomas (d. 1554)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/30146.  (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Betham, William (1801). The Baronetage of England I. Ipswich: Burrell and Bransby. pp. 227–9. 
• Burke, John (1839). A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire (6th ed.). London: Henry Colburn. p. 368. 
• Challen, W.H. (January 1963). "Lady Anne Grey". Notes and Queries 10 (1): 5–9. Retrieved 27 May 2013. 
• Cokayne, George Edward (1945). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday X. London: St. Catherine Press. pp. 239–244. 
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• Cunningham, Sean (2004). "Pole, Edmund de la, eighth earl of Suffolk (1472?–1513)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/22446.  (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Denny, Joanna (2004). Anne Boleyn; A New Life of England’s Tragic Queen. Da Capo Press. pp. 274–5. 
• Druery, John Henry (1826). Historical Notices of Great Yarmouth in Norfolk and the Half Hundred of Lothingland in Suffolk. London: Nichols & Sons. p. 175. 
• Harris, Barbara J. (2002). English Aristocratic Women. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 173. 
• Hyde, Patricia (2004). "Drury, Sir Robert (b. before 1456, d. 1535)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8097.  (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Ives, Eric (2004). The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn 'The Most Happy'. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 340, 357. ISBN 0-631-23479-9.  |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
• Lehmberg, Stanford (2004). "Kingston, Sir William (c.1476–1540)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15628.  (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic of the Reign of Henry VIII; Addenda. I, Part II. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1932. p. 443. Retrieved 28 May 2013. 
• Lingard, John (1860). A History of England (New ed.). New York: P. O'Shea. p. 251. ISBN 0-631-23479-9. 
• Loades, David (2004). "Kingston, Sir Anthony (c.1508–1556)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15626.  (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Maclean, John, ed. (1881-2). "The History of the Manors of Dene Magna and Abenhall". Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society (Bristol: C.T. Jefferies) VI: 123–209. Retrieved 29 May 2013.  Check date values in: |date= (help)
• Madden, Frederick (1831). Privy Purse Expenses of the Princess Mary. London: William Pickering. pp. 91, 147. 
• Norcliffe, Charles Best, ed. (1881). The Visitation of Yorkshire in the Years 1563 and 1564 Made by William Flower XVI. London: Harleian Society. pp. 279–80. 
• Questier, Michael C. (2006). Catholicism and Community in Early Modern England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 524. 
• Raine, James, ed. (1865). Testamenta Eboracensia III. London: Surtees Society. pp. 297–9. Retrieved 26 May 2013. 
• Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G., ed. Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families I (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 1449966373. 
• Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G., ed. Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families II (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 1449966381. 
• Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G., ed. Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families IV (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 1460992709. 
• St George, C. (1830). A Civil and Ecclesiastical History of England I. London: Samuel Maunder. p. 474. 
• Suckling, Alfred (1847). The History and Antiquities of the Hundreds of Blything and Part of Lothingland in the County of Suffolk. London. pp. 55–6. 
• Weikel, Ann (2004). "Jerningham , Sir Henry (1509/10–1572)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/14785.  (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Weir, Alison (1991). The Six Wives of Henry VIII. New York: Grove Weidenfeld. pp. 318–19. 

External links

• Jerningham, Sir Henry (1509/10-72), of Costessey, Norfolk; Herringfleet and Wingfield, Suffolk; Painswick, Gloucestershire, and London, History of Parliament Retrieved 26 May 2013
• Will of Edward Jerningham, proved 19 February 1515, PROB 11/18/104, National Archives Retrieved 26 May 2013
• Inquisition post mortem of Edmund Jerningham, Middlesex, C 142/75/1, National Archives Retrieved 29 May 2013
• Will of Sir William Kingston, proved 5 July 1541, PROB 11/28/542, National Archives Retrieved 29 May 2013
• Will of Sir Henry Jerningham of Costessey, Norfolk, proved 27 May 1573, PROB 11/55/240, National Archives Retrieved 26 May 2013
• Will of Frances Jerningham, widow, of Costessey, Norfolk, proved 15 February 1584, PROB 11/66/340, National Archives Retrieved 26 May 2013
• Will of Lady Anne Grey, widow, of Yates, Kent, proved 8 May 1558, PROB 11/42B/3, National Archives Retrieved 27 May 2013
• Will of Mary Kingston, widow, proved 25 January 1549, PROB 11/32/320, National Archives Retrieved 26 May 2013