Marus
| Marus | |
|---|---|
  Marus | |
| Arabic | ماروس |
| Name meaning | Kh. Marus=the ruin of Marus, where "Marus" comes from a personal name.[1] |
| Subdistrict | Safad |
| Coordinates | 33°01′43.38″N 35°31′41.61″E / 33.0287167°N 35.5282250°ECoordinates: 33°01′43.38″N 35°31′41.61″E / 33.0287167°N 35.5282250°E |
| Palestine grid | 199/270 |
| Population | 93 (1948) |
| Date of depopulation | 26 May 1948/ 30 October 1948[2] |
| Cause(s) of depopulation | Influence of nearby town's fall |
| Secondary cause | Military assault by Yishuv forces |
Marus (Arabic: ماروس) was a Palestinian village 7 km northeast of Safad in the District of Safad, that was captured by Israel during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war during the Israeli military operation Operation Hiram by the Israeli attacking brigade Sheva' Brigade.
History
Ottoman era
In 1596, Marus was part of the Ottoman Empire, a village in the nahiya (subdistrict) of Jira under the liwa' ("district") of Safad, with a population of 176. It paid taxes on a number of crops, including wheat, barley, and fruits as well as on goats.[3][4] All the villagers were Muslim.[5]
In 1875, Victor Guérin found major ruins here. He described the place as a destroyed Arab village.[6]
In 1881 the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine found here: "Modern and ancient ruins; a spring in a rock-cut cave, ancient foundations of good-sized stones; the foundations of a small rectangular building to the west of the eastern portion of the ruin. Some rock-cut tombs and many caves in hills around."[7]
British Mandate era
In the British mandate period the village was classified as a hamlet by the Palestine Index Gazetteer.[8] In the 1922 census of Palestine, Marus had a population of 45; all Muslims,[9] increasing in the 1931 census to 59, still all Muslims, in a total of 12 houses.[10]
In 1945 the population was 80, and the total land area was 3,183 dunums.[11] Of this, 108 dunums were plantations and irrigable land, 903 used for cereals,[12] while 8 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[13]
1948, and after
The village was captured by Israel during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war during the Israeli military operation Operation Hiram.
According to the Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi, describing the village land in 1992: "The site contains some olive and fig trees as well as stones from ruined homes. The surrounding land is used for grazing."[14]
See also
- List of Arab towns and villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War
References
- ↑ Palmer, 1881, p. 84
- ↑ Morris, 2004, p. xvi, village #41. Also gives causes of depopulation.
- ↑ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 178. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 475
- ↑ Note that Rhode, 1979, p. 6 writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied from the Safad-district was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9.
- ↑ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 178
- ↑ Guérin, 1880, pp. 451-2
- ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 242
- ↑ Khalidi, 1992, p. 475
- ↑ Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Safad, p. 41
- ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 108
- ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 70
- ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 120
- ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 170
- ↑ Khalidi, 1992, p. 476
Bibliography
- Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 (PDF). Government of Palestine.
- Conder, Claude Reignier; Kitchener, H. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology 1. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Guérin, Victor (1880). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). 3: Galilee, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
- Hadawi, Sami (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
- Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
- Khalidi, Walid (1992). All That Remains. Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas (PDF). Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- Morris, Benny (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
- Palmer, E. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Rhode, Harold (1979). Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century. Columbia University.
External links
- Welcome to Marus Palestine Remembered
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 4: IAA, Wikimedia commons
- Marus, from the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center
- Marus, Dr. Khalil Rizk.
