Martis people

Martis
Martis Creek Lake and Dam at the southern end of Nevada County near Truckee, California.
Regions with significant populations
United States
(California and Nevada)
Related ethnic groups
Maidu, possibly Washoe[1]

The Martis were a group of Native Americans who lived in Northern California on both the eastern and western sides of the Sierra Nevada. The Martis complex lasted from 2000 BCE to 500 CE, during the Middle Archaic era.[2] Evidence of Martis habitation has been found from Carson River and Reno, Nevada in the east to Auburn, California and Oroville, California in the west.[3] The Martis name refers to the geographic region of Martis Creek which spans Nevada County, California and Placer County, California.[4][5]

Culture

Martis traveled to higher elevations in the winter and lower elevations in the summer in loose-knit groups. They lived in base camps on valley margins, often near hot springs. In the winter, they lived in pit houses with hearths, pit caches, and occasionally burials. Extended families are believed to have lived together. Summer camps were often located near springs or creeks.[6]

They shared certain traits which included making stone tools from basalt, using pestles and mortars, and hunting with atlatls and spears.[7] Martis engaged in a hunter-gatherer economic system.[8] Martis people processed seeds and hunted big game, such as mountain sheep, antelope, deer, bison, and elk.[9]

Descendants

Moratto states that the Martis were not related to the Washo, but may have been linked with the Maidu.[10] However, other scholars (Robert G. Elston and Catherine S. Fowler) suggest that the Martis complex overlaps culturally and geographically with the Kings Beach complex of ancestral Washoe people.[1]

Sites

The Meadow Lake Petroglyphs, attributed to the Martis, are a national historical landmark.[11] Another notable Martis archaeological site includes the Grouse Lakes Area of Nevada County, called the Martis Archaeological Complex, and cataloged as style 7 rock art.[12]

Others sites include Truckee Meadows–Steamboat Hot Springs, Bordertown, and Hallelujah Junction.[6]

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 D'Azevedo, 466
  2. ↑ Elston, 141, 143
  3. ↑ Brauman, Sharon K. (2004-10-06). "North fork petroglyphs". ucnrs.org. Retrieved 2008-08-15.
  4. ↑ Durham, David L. (2000). California's Gold Country: Includes Mariposa, Tuolumne, Calaveras, Amador, El Dorado, Placer, Sierra & Nevada Counties. Clovis, California: Quill Driver Books. p. 203. ISBN 1-884995-25-X. Retrieved 2008-08-15.
  5. ↑ Robbins, John (2000-12-14). "Action: Native American human remains and associated funerary objects:". thefederalregister.com. Retrieved 2008-08-15.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Elston, 143
  7. ↑ Drake, Bill (2000). "Ancient petroglyph makers of the Northern Sierra". sierrarockart.org. Retrieved 2008-08-15.
  8. ↑ "Prehistoric Context". Idaho-Maryland Mine Project, Master Environmental Assessment. cityofgrassvalley.com. June 2006. p. 2. Retrieved 2008-08-15.
  9. ↑ Elston, 142, 145
  10. ↑ Moratto, M.J. (1984). California Archaeology. San Francisco: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-506182-X. Retrieved 2008-08-15.
  11. ↑ "Meadow Lake Petroglyphs ** (added 1971 - Site - #71000169)". nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com. Retrieved 2008-08-15.
  12. ↑ "Report on Potential Grouse Lakes Wilderness". forestissuesgroup.org. Retrieved 2008-08-15.

References

Further reading