Martin James Monti

Martin James Monti
Born October 24, 1921
St Louis, Missouri, United States
Died September 11, 2000 (aged 78)
Missouri, United States
Allegiance United States United States
Nazi Germany Nazi Germany
Service/branch United States Army Air Forces
Waffen SS
Years of service Army Air Corps 1942-1944, 1945-1948
SS 1944-1945
Rank United States Army Air Corps-Second Lieutenant
SS-Untersturmführer
Unit SS-Standarte Kurt Eggers
Battles/wars World War II

Martin James Monti (October 24, 1921 – September 11, 2000) was a United States Army Air Force pilot who defected to the Axis powers in October 1944 and worked as a propaganda broadcaster and writer. After the end of World War II, he was tried and sentenced to a long prison for desertion, then pardoned, then tried for for treason and sentenced to another long term.

Early life

Born in St. Louis, Monti was one of seven children of prosperous parents. His father was an investment broker who had immigrated to the United States from the Italian Graubünden, the Italian-speaking region of Switzerland. His mother was from Germany.[1] Four of his brothers served in the Navy during World War II.

During the 1930's, Monti was an anti-Communist and an enthusiastic admirer of Charles Coughlin,[2] a Roman Catholic priest who made weekly radio broadcasts. Coughlin was known for his anti-Communism, his antisemitism and his admiration of the Fascist governments of Germany and Italy. His broadcasts attracted audiences of millions before being stopped in 1939 on the outbreak of World War II.[3]

World War 2

In October 1942, Monti traveled to Detroit to meet Father Coughlin. In November, he enlisted in the United States Army Air Forces as an aviation cadet. During 1943 and early 1944, he completed flying training and was commissioned as a flight officer. He qualified in the P-39 Airacobra and the P-38 Lightning, and was promoted to second lieutenant.[1]

In August 1944, he was sent to Karachi, India (now in Pakistan). While attached to the 126th Replacement Depot as a first lieutenant, he hitched a ride aboard a C-46 to Cairo, Egypt, and from there he traveled to Italy, via Tripoli, Libya. At Foggia, he visited the 82nd Fighter Group, and then he made his way to Pomigliano Airfield, north of Naples, where the 354th Air Service Squadron prepared aircraft for assignment to line squadrons. He took note that an aircraft, a reconnaissance version of the P-38 Lightning, needed work and required a test flight after repairs. He stole the aircraft and flew to Milan. There, he landed and surrendered the plane to German forces. Monti was initially treated as a normal prisoner of war by the Germans until he was able to convince them he had defected out of genuine conviction.[1] His aircraft was handed over to Zirkus Rosarius, the Luftwaffe unit that tested Allied aircraft that were captured in flying condition.

At the end of 1944, Monti made a microphone test at the recording studio of SS-Standarte Kurt Eggers, a propaganda unit of the Waffen-SS, under the direction of Guenter d'Alquen, in Berlin, Germany. In early 1945, he was briefly employed by Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft, the German state radio organization. There, he came into contact with Mildred Gillars, the American broadcaster widely known as "Axis Sally". Gillars took an immediate dislike to Monti and threatened to resign rather than work with him. However Monti's lack of ability as a radio commentator meant he made only a handful of broadcasts.[4]

Monti later joined the SS as a SS-Untersturmführer and participated in writing and composing a leaflet to be distributed by members of the German military forces, and among Allied prisoners of war. At the end of the war, he was ordered to Italy, where he surrendered to US Forces on 10 May 1945, while still wearing his SS uniform.[1]

Post-war trials

In 1946, Monti was court-martialed for stealing the plane and for desertion; he was sentenced to 15 years in prison. His sentence was later suspended and he was allowed to reenlist in the army as a private on February 11, 1947. He was serving as a sergeant when the army discharged him on January 26, 1948. Minutes later, the FBI arrested him at Mitchell Field in New York and charged him with treason for the propaganda activities of "Martin Wiethaupt", which the FBI had now tied to him.[5] On October 14, a federal grand jury in Brooklyn indicted him for 21 acts of treason committed between October 13, 1944, and May 8, 1945, the day hostilities in Europe ended.[3] On January 17, 1949, he pleaded guilty, surprising the prosecutors and the court, which had prepared for a lengthy trial. Because of the seriousness of the charges, the court required testimony despite his guilty plea, and, according to the New York Times, "[w]ithout hesitation, Monti took the witness chair" where he admitted all the charges. Asked by the judge if he had acted "voluntarily", he answered "Yes". His attorney then asked for leniency, citing his upbringing in an extremist and isolationist environment that "fanatically imbued" him to identify Soviet Russia as the nation's principal enemy. He was sentenced to 25 years in prison and ordered to pay a fine of $10,000.[6] He serve d his sentence in Leavenworth Penitentiary in Kansas. In 1951 he tried without success to withdraw that plea, claiming he had "no treasonable intent" when he flew into enemy territory and that he had been pressured him by his attorneys into pleading guilty.[7] He was paroled in 1960 and died in 2000.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "The Curious Case of Martin James Monti". Retrieved April 18, 2015.
  2. ↑ Higham, Charles (1985). American Swastika. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-385-17874-7.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Ex-Army Officer Held for Treason". New York Times. October 15, 1948. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
  4. ↑ Richard Lucas (16 September 2014). Axis Sally: The American Voice of Nazi Germany. Casemate Publishers. pp. 114–116. ISBN 978-1-935149-80-4.
  5. ↑ "Treason Charged to Ex-Air Officer". New York Times. January 27, 1948. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
  6. ↑ "Ex-Flier Confesses 21 Acts of Treason". New York Times. January 18, 1949. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
  7. ↑ "Judge Finds Monti was not coerced". New York Times. August 2, 1951. Retrieved April 18, 2015.

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