Marie Aioe Dorion

Marie Dorion

Dorion historic marker outside St. Louis Catholic Church
Born probably 1786
Iowa or its vicinity[1]
Died September 5, 1850
Saint Louis, Oregon
Known for assisting fur-trading expeditions in the Oregon Country; wilderness survival skills
Spouse(s) Pierre Dorion, Louis Joseph Venier, Jean Baptiste Toupin
Relatives five children

"Madame" Marie Aioe Dorion Venier Toupin (ca. 1786 – September 5, 1850) was the only female member of the Astor Expedition, which traveled overland from St. Louis, Missouri, to what became Astoria, Oregon, in 1811–12.[2] Like her common-law first husband, Pierre Dorian, she was Métis, with her mother from the Iowa tribe of Native Americans and a French Canadian father.[2] She was also known as Wihmunkewakan (Walks Far Woman)[3] and Marie Laguivoise, the latter recorded in 1841 at the Willamette Mission and apparently a variation on Aiaouez, later rendered as Iowa.[4]

Early life

It is likely that Dorion and Sacajawea knew one another.[5] Peter Stark notes the similarities between the two women in his book Astoria: both women were originally based in the then-small settlement of St. Louis, and they were both wives of interpreters in the burgeoning Missouri fur trade.[5]

Astor Expedition and Oregon

Accompanying Dorion and her husband Pierre on the Astor Expedition (also known as the Wilson Price Hunt Expedition[6]) were their two young boys, who were probably two and four years old.[7] She gave birth to another child near North Powder, Oregon, who died several days later.[7] After reaching Fort Astoria, Dorion and her family returned with a trapping party to the Snake River area.[7] While at trading post in January 1814, Wihmunkewakan learned from a scout that her husband and a small trapping party were about to be attacked by a band of Bannocks[8] After traveling three days only with her two infant children, she found the scene of the attack. One only of the trappers, LeClarc was alive, and was moved away from the area on a horse.[7] Despite the medical attention of Dorion, he died that evening.[7]

There were several horses left by the Bannock warriors and were promptly taken by Wihmunkewakan back to the small fur trading post. However, upon reaching the post she discovered the few staff had been killed and scalped.[8] Attempting to reach another safe fur trading station in the Oregon Country, one of Wihmunkewakan's two[8] horses collapsed in the Blue Mountains.[7] While waiting for spring weather, she supported her two infants for 50 days of winter weather.[7] Wihmunkewakan created snare traps out of the horse manes to provide a supply of mice and squirrels for her family.[8] She additionally smoked the horseflesh, collected frozen berries and later gathered the inner flesh of trees to avoid her family starving.[8] Near the end of March Wihmunkewakan was able to progress west, eventually reaching a Walla Walla village exhausted and short of food. The village leadership provided material support and aided her in getting back to Fort George.[8]

Dorion married twice more and had three more children.[7] Her second husband was Louis Venier. With her third husband, Jean Toupin, she settled near Saint Louis, Oregon, on the French Prairie.[7] It was here that she began to be known as "Madame"[7] or "Madame Iowa".[9] One of two eldest sons, Jean Baptiste joined the Oregon Rifles and fought in the Cayuse War.[9]

Death and legacy

Dorion Lane in St. Louis, Oregon

After Dorion Venier Toupin died on September 5, 1850, she was buried inside the original log Catholic church in Saint Louis.[7] When the church burned down in 1880 and the current church built, the location of Dorion's grave was forgotten and remains unknown to this day.[7] It was only when the church register was translated from French into English many years after the original church burned down that it was learned that Dorion had been buried there.[7] There is no record of why she received this honor instead of being buried in the nearby cemetery, but church burial requires special dispensation and may have indicated that Dorion was especially devout.[7]

Among the places memorializing Dorion are Madame Dorion Memorial Park in the foothills of the Blue Mountains near Milton-Freewater, Oregon, and the Dorion Complex residence hall at Eastern Oregon University in La Grande.[7] There is a plaque noting the place near North Powder where she likely gave birth.[7] Hers is also one of the 158 names of people important to Oregon's history that are painted in the House and Senate chambers of the Oregon State Capitol.[10] Her name is in the Senate chamber. St. Louis, Oregon, has a street named after her, Dorion Lane.[7]

Oregon author Jane Kirkpatrick wrote the Tender Ties trilogy of historical novels based on Dorion's life. The individual titles in the series are A Name of Her Own, Every Fixed Star, and Hold Tight the Thread.[11]

On May 10, 2014, the Daughters of the American Revolution held a service at Saint Louis Catholic Church dedicating a historical marker in Dorion's honor.[6]

References

  1. ↑ "Marie Dorion (1786–1850)". National Women's History Museum. Retrieved May 22, 2014.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Shirley 1998, pp. 13–17.
  3. ↑ Chandler 2013, p. 45.
  4. ↑ Morris 2013, p. 199.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Stark, Peter (2014). Astoria: John Jacob Astor and Thomas Jefferson's Lost Pacific Empire. HarperCollins. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-06-221829-2.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Pitz, Ray (May 5, 2014). "DAR Dedicates Historical Marker to Pioneer Woman". Sherwood Gazette (Pamplin Media Group). Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 Lynn, Capi (April 5, 2005). "'She Should Be As Famous As Sacagawea'". Statesman-Journal (Salem, Oregon: Gannett). Retrieved October 24, 2008.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Shirley (1998), pp. 10-13.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Shirley 1998, pp. 18–19.
  10. ↑ Cogswell, Philip Jr. (1977). Capitol Names: Individuals Woven Into Oregon's History. Portland, Oregon: Oregon Historical Society.
  11. ↑ "Tender Ties Historical Series". Goodreads. Retrieved May 22, 2014.

Works cited