Marechal Foch

Ripe clusters of Marechal Foch on the vine.

Maréchal Foch (French pronunciation: ​[mɑreʃɑl fɔʃ]), is an inter-specific hybrid French red wine grape variety. It was named after the French marshal Ferdinand Foch (1851-1929), who played an important role in the negotiation of the armistice terms during the closing of the First World War. It was developed in Alsace, France, by grape hybridizer Eugene Kuhlmann. Some believe it to be a cross of Goldriesling (itself an intra-specific cross of Riesling and Courtiller Musqué) with a Vitis riparia - Vitis rupestris cross. Others contend that its pedigree is uncertain and may contain the grape variety Oberlin 595. It ripens early, and it is cold-hardy and resistant to fungal diseases. The berry size is small, which makes it prone to bird injury. The quality of wine produced by Marechal Foch vines is highly dependent upon vine age, and the flavor profile associated with many new-world hybrid varietals is much reduced in examples made with fruit picked from older vines.

Wine regions

A Marechal Foch wine from Missouri.

Marechal Foch was formerly commonly grown in the Loire, but today it is limited to a small number of hectares in Europe. Because it is a hybrid variety, cultivation for commercial wines in Europe is restricted by European Union regulation.

It is more extensively grown in North America, including southern Ontario and the eastern wine growing regions of the United States, where it ripens fully by the end of September. It is also commonly grown in Minnesota. In the west, it is grown in Oregon's Willamette Valley and Canada's Okanagan Valley. Marechal Foch was introduced to Canadian vineyards in 1946 by Adhemar de Chaunac of Brights' wines, along with several other French hybrids.^[1]

However, the extent to which Marechal Foch is grown in Canada has been much reduced, due to an extensive vine-pull program in the early 1980s designed to replace hybrids with species (Vitis vinifera) varietals.

Wines

Marechal Foch is used to make a variety of styles of wine, ranging from a light red wine similar to Beaujolais to more extracted wines with intense dark "inky" purple colour and unique varietal character, and even sweet, fortified, Port-like wines. Wines made from Marechal Foch tend to have strong acidity, aromas of black fruits and, in some cases, toasted wheat, mocha, fresh coffee, bitter chocolate, vanilla bean, and musk. In the darker variants of the wine a strong gamey nose is also often described. Highly extracted, and more carefully produced wines made from older plantings of Marechal Foch have recently been successfully marketed as more expensive niche wines with a dedicated following.

Related varieties

The grape varieties Léon Millot, Lucie Kuhlman, and Marechal Foch came out of the same crossing, and are therefore related.

Synonyms

Foch, Kuhlmann 188.2, Marschall Foch

See also

• List of grape varieties
• Marechal Joffre

References

Hybrid grape varieties Grape ( Vitis ) species V. acerifolia, V. adenoclada, V. aestivalis, V. amurensis, V. × andersonii, V. arizonica, V. balansana, V. barbata, V. bashanica, V. bellula, V. berlandieri, V. betulifolia, V. biformis, V. blancoi, V. bloodworthiana, V. bourgaeana, V. × bourquina, V. bryoniifolia, V. californica, V. × champinii, V. chunganensis, V. chungii, V. cinerea, V. coignetiae, V. davidii, V. × doaniana, V. erythrophylla, V. fengqinensis, V. ficifolia, V. flexuosa, V. girdiana, V. hancockii, V. heyneana, V. hui, V. jacquemontii, V. jaegeriana, V. jinggangensis, V. Kelungensis, V. labrusca, V. lanceolatifoliosa, V. lincecumii, V. longquanensis, V. luochengensis, V. menghaiensis, V. mengziensis, V. monticola, V. mustangensis, V. nesbittiana, V. × novae-angliae, V. palmata, V. peninsularis, V. piasezkii, V. pilosonerva, V. popenoei, V. pseudoreticulata, V. retordii, V. riparia, V. romanetii, V. rotundifolia, V. rupestris, V. ruyuanensis, V. shenxiensis, V. shuttleworthii, V. silvestrii, V. sinocinerea, V. × slavinii, V. tiliifolia, V. treleasei, V. tsoii, V. vinifera, V. vulpina, V. wenchouensis, V. wilsonae, V. wuhanensis, V. xunyangensis, V. Yeshanensis, V. yunnanensis, V. zhejiang-adstricta Notable hybrids Agawam Alden Alexander Alwood America Aurore Baco blanc Baco noir Bath Bell Beta Black Spanish Blanc du Bois Brilliant Cabernet blanc Cabernet Cortis Campbell Early Cascade Cayuga White Chambourcin Chancellor Chardonel Chelois Clinton Corot noir Couderc noir De Chaunac Edelweiss Espirit Flora Frontenac Goethe Herbert Himrod seedless Horizon Ives noir Jaeger 70 Kay Gray Kyoho L'Acadie blanc La Crosse Lakemont seedless Landal noir Landot noir Léon Millot Malverina Marechal Foch Marechal Joffre Marquette Massasoit Melody Merzling Muscat bleu Niagara Noiret Norton Olmo grapes Onaka Ontario Orion Phoenix Plantet Ravat blanc Regent Requa Rogers' Hybrids Rondo Royalty Seibel grapes Severny Seyval blanc Seyval noir Solaris St. Pepin Thomcord Triomphe d'Alsace Traminette Valvin muscat Vidal blanc Vignoles Villard grapes