Marcus Foster

Marcus Aurelius Foster
Born March 31, 1923
Athens, Georgia
Died November 6, 1973 (aged 50)
Oakland, California
Cause of death
 Murdered
Resting place
 Mountain View Cemetery
Ethnicity African-American
Citizenship American
Alma mater B.A., Cheyney State College, 1947
Ph.D, University of Pennsylvania, 1971
Occupation Educator
Years active 1957–1973
Employer Oakland Unified School District
Known for Oakland's first African-American Superintendent;
founder of the Marcus A. Foster Educational Institute;
murdered by SLA
Home town Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Title Superintendent
Term 1970–1973
Successor Robert Blackburn
Spouse(s) Albertine Ramseur Foster
Children 1

Marcus Aurelius Foster (March 31, 1923 – November 6, 1973) was an African-American educator who gained a national reputation for educational excellence while serving as principal of Simon Gratz High School in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, as Associate Superintendent of Schools in Philadelphia, and as the first black Superintendent of the Oakland Unified School District in Oakland, California.[1] Foster was murdered in 1973 by members of the Symbionese Liberation Army.

Early life and education

He was born in Athens, Georgia, later attending public schools in Philadelphia.[1] His mother Alice fostered Marcus's mastery of Standard English by highlighting its importance as the dominant syntax.[2] Subsequently, as a young man he was both exceptionally scholastic, athletic and rebellious, opting to frequent the Club Ziger where one had to "smoke a stogie and drink a lot of wine to get in. Furthermore, as a member of the Trojans, a neighborhood men's club, his comrade Frye noted Foster "could hold his hands up"".[3] This broad range of youth experience aided Foster throughout his life, affording him a disposition to connect with and inspire students of myriad backgrounds while drawing together disparate groups advocating for alternative, at times oppositional, visions of social reform.[4] He graduated from Cheyney State College and earned a doctorate from the University of Pennsylvania.[1]

Career

From 1957 to 1970 he taught, was a school principal and associate superintendent for community relations.[1] He moved to Oakland in 1970.[1]

Murder

Foster was assassinated in 1973 by members of the Symbionese Liberation Army. The SLA claimed they killed Foster because of his alleged support of a plan to create a student identification card system in Oakland that proponents claimed would help keep non-student drug-dealers off campus. In reality, Foster had opposed the identification cards and had worked to water down the plan. The SLA also objected to police officers in the schools, but again they were mistaken as to Foster's position; Foster had stated that he would not allow police officers in the schools. Foster was shot eight times with bullets that had been packed with cyanide.[5] His deputy, Robert Blackburn, was also shot, but survived. Joseph Remiro and Russ Little were sentenced to life in prison for their role in the attack. Little was later released on appeal.[6] SLA leader Donald DeFreeze is suspected of being the other person present who shot Blackburn.[7]

Foster is buried in Mountain View Cemetery in Oakland. He was survived by his widow, Albertine Ramseur Foster, who died in 2011[8] and was buried alongside him, and his daughter, Rev. Marsha Foster Boyd, PhD, is President Emerita of Ecumenical Theological Seminary in Detroit, Michigan.[9]

Honours and tributes

Before his death, Foster received a prestigious award which recognizes individuals who have made positive contributions to the city Philadelphia. After his death, several sites were named in his honor, including the athletic fields at Gratz High School, the Student Union building at Cheyney University, and the Marcus Foster Indoor Pool in Philadelphia[10] featured in the movie Pride. The School District of Philadelphia established the Marcus A. Foster Award, which is given annually to a School District administrator for noteworthy contributions in curriculum, instruction, school improvement or administration.[11]

The Oakland portion of the state-mandated program to retrofit all schools for earthquake safety in the 1970s, during which dozens of schools were either retrofitted or demolished and rebuilt, was named the Marcus Foster Earthquake Safe program.

The Oakland Education Institute was founded by Foster in 1973 to raise discretionary funds to promote excellence in Oakland schools, through the collaborative efforts of Oakland's diverse communities. After his death, the Institute was renamed the Marcus A. Foster Education Fund in honor of Foster.[12] In conjunction with Oakland-area business, the Fund awards 60 yearly scholarships ranging from $1000 to $2000 to Oakland high school students. Over 1,500 students have received these scholarships. The Fund also regularly awards up to $2000 to Oakland public schools teachers who develop innovative educational projects.[13]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Ohles, Frederik; Shirley M. Ohles; John G. Ramsay (1997). Biographical Dictionary of Modern American Educators. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 432. ISBN 0-313-29133-0. OCLC 36430647. Retrieved March 16, 2009.
  2. ↑ Spencer, John (August 2012). In the Crossfire: Marcus Foster and the Troubled History of American School Reform (1st ed.). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-8122-4435-9.
  3. ↑ Spencer, John (August 2012). Marcus Foster and the Troubled History of American School Reform. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-8122-4435-9.
  4. ↑ Spencer, John (August 2012). IN THE CROSSFIRE Marcus Foster and the Troubled History of American School Reform (1st ed.). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-8122-4435-9.
  5. ↑ "Oakland Bullets Had Cyanide". The Washington Post. November 11, 1973. p. A2. Archived from the original on 2006-03-28. Retrieved 2007-08-18. Investigators say bullets used in the murder of Oakland's school superintendent contained cyanide. Roland Prahl, chief investigator for the Alameda County coroner's office, said Friday that five slugs recovered during the autopsy on the superintendent, Marcus Foster, had the "distinctive odor of cyanide." A coroner's report verified the presence of the poison.
  6. ↑ "Murder in California", Time, 19 November 1973. Accessed 14 January 2007
  7. ↑ Taylor, Michael (November 14, 2002). "Forgotten Footnote: Before Hearst, SLA killed educator". San Francisco Chronicle. pp. A–17. Retrieved 2009-03-17.
  8. ↑ Obituary: Albertine Ramseur (Abbe) Foster Oakland Tribune, 01 January 2011
  9. ↑ Ecumenical Theological Seminary
  10. ↑ Philadelphia Department of Recreation list of pool locations.
  11. ↑ "21st Annual Celebration of Excellence in Education", School District of Philadelphia, Accessed 2007-01-14
  12. ↑ "Marcus Foster Education Fund". Marcus Foster Education Fund. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
  13. ↑ Marcus A. Foster Educational Institute - Our Programs; Accessed 2007-01-14 Archived December 11, 2006 at the Wayback Machine

Sources

External links