Marcelo Álvarez

Marcelo Álvarez backstage at the Met, September 2005

Marcelo Raúl Álvarez, (born February 27, 1962 in Córdoba, Argentina), is an Argentine lyric tenor who achieved international success starting in the mid-1990s.

Álvarez travels widely, performing with top singers in major opera houses and concert halls around the world. Since the beginning of his career in 1994, he has maintained an active touring schedule and debuted in 29 roles. In addition to his opera and solo recordings, he has made an album honoring the popular songs of Latin American tango legend Carlos Gardel, as well as an album of classical duets with Salvatore Licitra. He has won notable awards for vocal performance and is considered one of the top tenors of his generation, receiving high acclaim[1] for his passionate yet refined delivery in bel canto roles, French opera, and as of 2006, more dramatic lirico pieno (full lyric) and spinto roles.

He lives with his wife and son near Milan, Italy.

Early years

As a boy of five, he was enrolled in La Escuela de Niños Cantores de Córdoba where he studied music until age 17 and received his diploma in music education. In spite of this musical background, he went on to study economics at university, and for 12 years the study of music was completely out of his life. After his university studies, he became a manager of his family's furniture factory in Córdoba.[2]

Repertoire

Early career

Álvarez always liked singing and often imitated popular singers’ voices for the enjoyment of his friends, even winning them free drinks in pubs.[3] He was 30 years old when his wife suggested that he sing opera. At the time, he did not know much about opera at all, but in 1992 he started commuting to Buenos Aires for voice lessons with Norma Risso. It was a 12-hour trip by bus, but he was determined. Ms. Risso was so impressed with her student that she told him that within five years he would be singing all over the world, a prediction that proved accurate.[4]

He had several unsuccessful auditions at the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires. By fortunate coincidence, the legendary tenor Giuseppe di Stefano heard him at one of those auditions[5] and urged him to go to Italy. "You have good instincts; you remind me of myself when I was a young man", di Stefano told him.[3] Turning to the other people present, di Stefano commented, "this young man sings with his heart, he will have a great career!"[6]

During this time, Álvarez had some performances in small houses in Argentina. His first stage role was as a late-replacement Count Almaviva in Rossini's Il barbiere di Siviglia in Córdoba in June 1994.[6][7] He then performed in Federico Moreno Torroba's zarzuela Luisa Fernanda[8] with Ismael Pons at the Teatro Avenida in Buenos Aires, a venue that features mostly that uniquely Spanish form of musical theater. Ismael Pons invited him to perform another zarzuela, Marina (zarzuela), in Menorca, Spain the next year and recommended him to Spanish baritone Juan Pons[9]

In the 1980s and ‘90s, world famous Italian tenor Luciano Pavarotti held worldwide talent auditions in his Pavarotti International Voice Competition. When he came to Buenos Aires and heard Álvarez audition in 1994, he immediately invited him to Philadelphia for the finals of the competition the following year.[10]

While still in Argentina, Álvarez starred in Donizetti's L'elisir d'amore at the Teatro Roma in Buenos Aires (December 1994). These early performances enabled him to cultivate his voice and acting skills, and with the confidence he gained from those beginning experiences and the enthusiastic encouragement from di Stefano and Pavarotti, he and his wife decided to sell everything they owned and move to Europe to expand his opportunities for a career as an opera singer.

Álvarez came to Europe in 1995 and was quickly involved in a whirlwind of activity. He went to Spain and performed the zarzuela Marina and then moved to Milan in July. A mere seven days after his arrival in Italy, Álvarez won a voice competition in Pavia, and within a month he had landed contracts with the Teatro La Fenice in Venice and the Teatro Carlo Felice in Genoa.[11] His La Fenice debut was in September of that year. The management gave him his choice of what he would like to perform for his role and house debut and he selected the challenging role of Elvino in Bellini's La sonnambula.[12] Following this highly praised debut, he received offers from opera houses throughout Europe[13] to perform six new roles, all of which he debuted in 1997. In addition, Italian mezzo-soprano Franca Mattiucci was his artistic advisor during this time.

Professional Career, 1995–1999

As a result of his rising popularity and enthusiastic critical praise,[14] Álvarez was engaged to appear at high-visibility venues throughout the world from the very start of his career. He debuted in a demanding number of new roles in Italian bel canto and French operas, completing ten role debuts during the first five years of his career and marking his rapid ascent onto the international scene. Alfredo in La traviata and The Duke in Rigoletto became his signature roles for this time period, with 150 performances of each of them.[15]

In 1996 he was understudy for the role of Alfredo in Verdi's La traviata in Genoa. On opening night Álvarez was in the auditorium to watch the performance when he was told the tenor was ill and he had to go on immediately to replace him. This role debut paired him with the much-admired Italian soprano Mariella Devia.[10] Within the next three years he sang his Alfredo in houses all around the world, from Hamburg to London, Tokyo, and Vienna. At the end of 1998, his house debut at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York was in a new Franco Zeffirelli production of La traviata, alongside American soprano Patricia Racette. He also performed La traviata with Ruth Ann Swenson at the Théâtre antique d'Orange in Orange, France and with Christina Gallardo-Domas at the Deutsche Oper Berlin in 1999.

He was a last minute replacement for Alfredo Kraus in the role of Arturo in Bellini's I puritani in Bologna, Italy, in February 1997. His big break came in the spring of 1997 in Genoa when he stepped in for Kraus again, this time in the lead role in Massenet's Werther. The entire Italian press covered this premiere and raved about the new tenor.[16][17] He got the attention of Sony Classical and they signed him to an exclusive recording contract,[12] producing six CDs in six years.

He sang his first performance as the Duke of Mantua in Verdi's Rigoletto in Trieste, Italy (role and house debut) in 1997. Multiple productions of Rigoletto followed over the next three years in Toulouse, Verona, Buenos Aires, Brussels (a June 1999 performance at the Théâtre Royal de la Monnaie that was televised live throughout Europe[18]), New York, and Paris.

In 1997, London's Royal Opera House (sometimes referred to as Covent Garden, due to its location) was refurbished and performances were held at the Royal Albert Hall during construction. As a result, Álvarez made his London debut in a concert of Donizetti's Linda di Chamounix at the Royal Albert Hall in November of that year. His "debut proper" at the Royal Opera House of London was in September, 2000 in Offenbach's Les contes d'Hoffmann.[19] Álvarez performs in London often[20] and has remarked that the city holds a special place in his heart because, "that is the first place that audiences shouted out my name."[3]

Álvarez traveled to Buenos Aires in the spring of 1999 for production of the award-winning documentary film, Marcelo Álvarez In Search of Gardel.[21] The film chronicles the making of Álvarez's CD, Marcelo Álvarez Sings Gardel, which offers a modern audience the most famous tangos, while honoring the spirit and style of legendary tanguero Carlos Gardel. The songs on this album, originally recorded by Gardel before his early death in 1935, are among the oldest tangos and have a classical foundation, having been inspired by the music of Chopin, Brahms and Schumann.[22]

2000–2012

The second decade of Álvarez's career saw continued upward momentum, both in the number of new roles added and in the types of projects in which he engaged. The majority of his professional recordings were made during this time and he continued in his demanding live performance schedule.

He debuted as Werther in Massenet's Werther in 1997, and then performed that role in a total of eight opera houses, including London,[1] Vienna, and Munich, over the next nine years. Another role that he performed widely was Edgardo in Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor, appearing in ten opera houses in just six years. Major houses for this role included the Met, the Lyric Opera of Chicago,[16] the Zurich Opera House, and the National Theatre Munich.

In January 2001, Álvarez sang his first American recital at the Folly Theater[23] in Kansas City presented by the Harriman-Jewell Series which is noteworthy for introducing new singing talent to North America. Italian tenor Luciano Pavarotti made his professional recital debut on the Series in 1973, followed by other notable singers making their U.S. recital debuts over the years, including Mexican Francisco Araiza (1982), Canadian Ben Heppner (1997), Peruvian Juan Diego Flórez (2002), and Italian Salvatore Licitra(2005).

In the autumn of 2001, Álvarez portrayed the Duke in Scottish director David McVicar's new controversial production of Rigoletto at the Royal Opera House in London with Italian baritone Paolo Gavanelli and German soprano Christine Schäfer.[24] He performed in another McVicar production in 2009, this time in Verdi's Il trovatore at the Met with Sondra Radvanovsky, Dmitri Hvorostovsky and Dolora Zajick.[25]

Álvarez made his house debut at Milan's Teatro alla Scala in a 1998 production of Linda di Chamounix with American soprano Laura Claycomb, who was also making her La Scala debut. In January 2002, he sang Alfredo in La traviata with Inva Mula in the inaugural performance of the new Teatro degli Arcimboldi in Milan, which was the temporary home for La Scala until 2004. He had additional performances at the Arcimboldi in 2002 and 2003 in role debuts of Donizetti's Lucrezia Borgia and Puccini's La bohème. That production of La bohème with Cristina Gallardo-Domas was by Franco Zeffirelli and had originally been created for Luciano Pavarotti.[26]

In June 2003, Álvarez and Italian tenor Salvatore Licitra released Duetto, a collection of romantic ballads based on opera arias and other classical melodies, some of which were composed specifically for them to sing.[27] They gave a concert of selections from Duetto at the Roman Colosseum, which was broadcast in the U.S. on PBS public television.[28] Later that summer, Álvarez and Licitra went to New York and gave a concert-in-the-park of Duetto selections in New York's Central Park, to an audience of over 50,000 people.[4]

Álvarez has performed with some of the world's most celebrated sopranos. In addition to those already mentioned, he performed opposite American soprano Renée Fleming in 2001 in Massenet's Manon at the L’Opéra de la Bastille in Paris[29] and at the Met in 2005. In 2002, he sang in Lucie de Lammermoor with Italian soprano Patrizia Ciofi at the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris, a French version that Donizetti created especially for Paris audiences. And in 2003, he performed with highly regarded Slovak soprano Edita Gruberova in Munich in Lucia di Lammermoor.

2006 marked the beginning of Álvarez's transition into a more dramatic lirico spinto repertoire and he has had some of his best success with it. He debuted in the role of Manrico in Verdi's Il trovatore in Parma, Italy,[30] a venue that is notoriously critical of tenors. Álvarez happily reports that the audience took home their tomatoes intact, choosing not to throw them at him when he gave a performance that met their high standards.[31] The following month he made his role debut as Cavaradossi in Puccini's Tosca at the Royal Opera House in London, performing with Romanian soprano Angela Gheorghiu and Welsh bass-baritone Bryn Terfel. He continued in the role of Cavaradossi at the Arena di Verona with Fiorenza Cedolins and bass-baritone Ruggero Raimondi[32] in a new large-scale production by Argentine director Hugo de Ana.

2008 saw multiple productions of Bizet's Carmen as Álvarez brought his Don José to the Met with Russian mezzo-soprano Olga Borodina as Carmen;[33] the Royal Opera House in London with Nancy Fabiola Herrera of Spain; with Russia's Julia Gertseva in Florence at the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino, and with France's Béatrice Uria-Monzon in Orange, France. His original debut as Rodolfo in Verdi's Luisa Miller was in London in 2003, with further performances over the next five years in Madrid, Parma[34] and Valencia, Spain in 2008 with Greek soprano Alexia Voulgaridou.[35]

Álvarez opened the 2009-2010 season of the Met as Cavaradossi in Puccini's Tosca, co-starring with soprano Karita Mattila and baritone George Gagnidze. It was a controversial new production by Swiss director Luc Bondy, replacing Franco Zeffirelli's lavish production that the Met had used for 24 years.[36] The premiere performance was broadcast at no charge to over 3,000 people on a giant outdoor screen in Lincoln Center's Josie Robertson Plaza and on multiple screens in New York's Times Square for over 2,000 people. A later performance was broadcast in October as part of the Met's HD series, with distribution throughout the United States and 39 other countries.

In 2011, Álvarez appeared at the Met as Manrico in Il trovatore (also transmitted in HD).[37] He debuted as Don Alvaro in La forza del destino in Paris in November of that year. Then in 2012 Álvarez performed his 10th role at the Met, Radames in Verdi's Aida, with Violeta Urmana.[38]


Metropolitan Opera Live in HD Performances

In August of 2006, the Metropolitan Opera in New York City brought in it's new general manager, Peter Gelb. He had a vision for expanding audiences for the opera via multiple platforms, including the bold concept of broadcasting live performances in high-definition video to theaters and venues throughout the world. The first transmission of these live Saturday matinée performances was a condensed English-language version of Mozart's The Magic Flute on December 30, 2006. These broadcasts are part of the Met's outreach to new audiences and have become increasingly successful each year, with almost 2,000 screens in over 60 countries broadcasting as of 2013. [39] Marcelo Álvarez has appeared in several HD Live performances, listed below:

Date of Broadcast Opera Composer Role Other Performers
October 10, 2009 Tosca Puccini Cavaradossi Karina Mattila, George Gagnidze
December 8, 2012 Un ballo in maschera Verdi Riccardo Sondra Radvanovsky, Dmitri Hvorostovsky
April 25, 2015 Cavalleria rusticana and Pagliacci Mascagni and Leoncavallo Turiddu and Canio Eva-Maria Westbroek Santuzza, Patricia Racette Nedda, and George Gagnidze also in dual roles as Alfio in Cavalleria and Tonio in Pagliacci

Complete Repertoire

Despite a relatively late start singing opera professionally at age 32, Álvarez has been committed to cultivating his career carefully, both in the types of roles he takes on and the progression of styles in which he engages. He puts a high priority on maintaining the principles of bel canto[4] – a smooth vocal line, volume modulations, and vocal expression of emotions - all while preserving the tonal quality of the voice.[40]

Year of Debut # Title Composer Role Other Performers Opera house Location
1994 1 Il barbiere di Siviglia (The Barber of Seville) Rossini Count Almaviva Omar Carrion, Oscar Grassi Teatro del Libertador San Martin Córdoba, Argentina
2 Luisa Fernanda (zarzuela) Federico Moreno Torroba Javier Cecilia Diaz, Ismael Pons Teatro Avenida Buenos Aires, Argentina
3 L'elisir d'amore (The Elixir of Love) Donizetti Nemorino Silvia Gatti, Omar Carrion, Pedro Alvarez Teatro Roma Buenos Aires
1995 4 Marina (zarzuela) Emilio Arrieta Jorge Gail Dobish, Ismael Pons Menorca, Spain
5 La sonnambula (The Sleepwalker) Bellini Elvino Giusy Devinu, Patrizia Biccirè, Francesco Elero d'Artegna La Fenice Venice
1996 6 La traviata (The Fallen Woman) Verdi Alfredo Mariella Devia Teatro Carlo Felice Genoa, Italy
1997 7 Rigoletto Verdi Duke of Mantua Teatro Lirico Giuseppe Verdi Trieste, Italy
8 I puritani (The Puritans) Bellini Arturo Maureen O’Flynn, Alberto Mastromarino, Dean Peterson Teatro Comunale di Bologna Bologna, Italy
9 Werther Massenet Werther Denyce Graves Teatro Carlo Felice Genoa
10 La fille du régiment (The Daughter of the Regiment) Donizetti Tonio Angeles Blancas Bilbao National Opera House Bilbao, Spain
11 Linda di Chamounix Donizetti Carlo Mariella Devia, Alessandro Corbelli, Alastair Miles Royal Albert Hall (temporary home of the Royal Opera House) London
12 Manon Massenet Le Chevalier des Grieux, or simply "des Grieux" Teatro San Carlo Naples, Italy
1998 13 Falstaff Verdi Fenton Ruggero Raimondi, Dorothea Röschmann, Lucio Gallo; Claudio Abbado conductor Berlin State Opera Berlin
14 Lucia di Lammermoor Donizetti Edgardo Annick Massis, Boris Statsenko Théâtre du Capitole Toulouse, France
2000 15 Faust Gounod Faust John Tomlinson, Angela-Maria Blasi, Roger Gilfry National Theatre Munich Munich
16 Les contes d'Hoffmann (The Tales of Hoffmann)[19] Offenbach Hoffmann Desirée Rancatore, Irini Tsirakidis, Angela Gheorghiu, Michele Pertusi; Emmanuel Villaume conductor Royal Opera House London
17 Der Rosenkavalier (The Knight of the Rose) Strauss Italian Singer Susanne Mentzer, Cheryl Studer, Peter Rose Metropolitan Opera House New York City
2002 18 Lucia di Lammermoor Donizetti Edgard Patrizia Ciofi, Ludovic Tezier, Marc Laho Théâtre du Châtelet Paris
19 Lucrezia Borgia Donizetti Gennaro Mariella Devia, Michele Pertusi, Daniela Barcellona; Renato Palumbo, conductor Teatro degli Arcimboldi (temporary home of La Scala) Milan
2003 20 La bohème Puccini Rodolfo Cristina Gallardo-Domas, Roberto Servile, Hei-Kyung Hong Teatro degli Arcimboldi (temporary home of La Scala) Milan
21 Luisa Miller Verdi Rodolfo Barbara Frittoli, Carlo Guelfi, Ferruccio Furlanetto, Phillip Ens Royal Opera House London
2004 22 Roméo et Juliette Gounod Roméo Angela-Maria Blasi National Theatre Munich Munich
2005 23 Un ballo in maschera (A Masked Ball) Verdi Gustavo (Riccardo) Karita Mattila, Thomas Hampson (baritone) Royal Opera House London
2006 24 Il trovatore (The Troubadour) Verdi Manrico Fiorenza Cedolins, Roberto Frontali, Marianne Cornetti; Renato Palumbo, conductor Teatro Regio di Parma Parma, Italy
25 Tosca Puccini Cavaradossi Angela Gheorghiu, Bryn Terfel; Antonio Pappano, conductor Royal Opera House London
2007 26 Carmen Bizet Don José Beatrice Uria-Monzon, Àngel Òdena, Barbara Havemann; Günter Neuhold, conductor Théâtre du Capitole Toulouse
2009 27 Adriana Lecouvreur Francesco Cilea Maurizio Micaela Carosi, Marianne Cornetti; Renato Palumbo, conductor Teatro Regio di Torino Turin, Italy
28 Andrea Chénier[41] Umberto Giordano Chénier Micaela Carosi, Sergei Murzaev; Daniel Oren, conductor Opéra National de Paris Paris
2010 29 Aida[42] Verdi Radames Micaela Carosi, Marianne Cornetti Royal Opera House London
2011 30 La forza del destino[43] Verdi Don Alvaro Violeta Urmana, Vladimir Stoyanov; Phillipe Jordan, conductor Opéra National de Paris Paris
2013 31 La Gioconda Ponchielli Enzo Grimaldo Violeta Urmana, Maria José Montiel, Claudio Sgura; Daniel Oren, conductor Opéra National de Paris Paris
2015 32 Pagliacci Leoncavallo Canio Maria José Siri, Leo Nucci; Jean-Louis Grinda, conductor Opéra de Monte Carlo Monte Carlo
33 Cavalleria rusticana Pietro Mascagni Turiddu Eva-Maria Westbroek, George Gagnidze; Fabio Luisi, conductor Metropolitan Opera House New York City

Discography (CD)

Filmography (DVD and/or Blu-ray)


Awards

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Seckerson, Edward. “The Rapture of Restraint, Werther, Royal Opera House, London”, The Independent, Sep 24, 2004. Retrieved Feb 9, 2009.
  2. ↑ Parney, Lisa Leigh. “From Furniture Store to Stage”, Christian Science Monitor, Jul 5, 2002. Retrieved Jan 30, 2009.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Ashley, Tim. “My Other Voice is the Bee Gees”, The Guardian Unlimited, Nov 27, 2003. Retrieved Jan 27, 2009.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Pritchard, Jim. “With Heart and Soul - Marcelo Álvarez, Covent Garden’s Don José, talks to Jim Pritchard”, Seen and Heard International's Worldwide Concert and Opera Reviews, 2008. Retrieved Jan 27, 2009.
  5. ↑ Master Classes III audition for Giuseppe di Stefano, Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires, 1994. "YouTube.com" Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Hall, George. "Marcelo Álvarez, interview", ‘‘Opera’’, Sep 2004.
  7. ↑ “Piano, pianissimo, senza parlar” from Rossini’s ‘‘Il barbiere di Siviglia’’, Córdoba, 1994. YouTube.com. Retrieved Feb 20, 2009.
  8. ↑ “De este apacible rincón de Madrid” from ‘‘Luisa Fernanda’’ – zarzuela, composer Federico Moreno Torroba, Buenos Aires, 1994. YouTube.com. Retrieved Feb 20, 2009.
  9. ↑ Zinger, Pablo. “Argentine Export”, Opera News, Sep 2002. Retrieved Feb 12, 2009.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Gurewitsch,Matthew. “A Plum Assignment for a Late Bloomer”, The New York Times, Nov 22, 1998. Retrieved Jan 27, 2009.
  11. ↑ Thicknesse, Robert. “Wild bull of the Pampas”, The Times Online, Sep 10, 2004. Retrieved Feb 2, 2009.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Anthonisen, Jørn H. “Tenor Library – Marcelo Álvarez”, Grandi-Tenori.com, Sep 21, 2000. Retrieved Jan 30, 2009.
  13. ↑ Pound, Jeremy. "Buenos Arias! Álvarez's Argentinian Passion", Classic CD, Jul 2000.
  14. ↑ Christiansen, Rupert. "The Laughing Tenor", The Daily Telegraph, Sep 17, 2001.
  15. ↑ Table listing all Marcelo Álvarez’s performances since 1994. Retrieved from German fan site Jan 27, 2009.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Emerick, Laura. “A tenor to die for, whether on stage or off”, Chicago Sun-Times, Feb 22, 2004. Retrieved from High Beam Research archive website Feb 8, 2009.
  17. ↑ Innaurato, Albert. Bel Canto CD liner notes, 1998.
  18. ↑ RTBF Radio télévision belge de la communauté française, European station that broadcast ‘‘Rigoletto’’ from Belgium, air date Jun 22, 1999.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Sutcliffe, Tom. “Just Short of Perfection”, Evening Standard, Oct 2, 2000. Retrieved from High Beam Research archive website Feb 8, 2009.
  20. ↑ Canning, Hugh. “Marcelo Álvarez, Romancing the Tone”, The Times Online, Apr 3, 2005. Retrieved Jan 30, 2009.
  21. ↑ Gardel documentary. “Marcelo Álvarez In Search of Gardel”, Bullfrog Films.com, 2000. Retrieved Jan 27, 2009.
  22. ↑ Azzi, Maria Susana. Marcelo Álvarez Sings Gardel CD liner notes, 1999.
  23. ↑ “Amarilli, mia bella”, composer Giulio Caccini (~1550 - 1618). Recital at the Folley Theater, Kansas City, 2001. YouTube.com. Retrieved Feb 20, 2009.
  24. ↑ Mellor, David. “The House in Order - Review of ‘‘Rigoletto’’ and ‘‘Jenufa’’”, The Mail on Sunday, Oct 14, 2001. Retrieved from High Beam Research archive website Feb 8, 2009.
  25. ↑ Sehulster, Jerry. “Il Trovatore provides a dramatic opera experience”, Greenwichtime.com Feb 21, 2009. Retrieved Feb 24, 2009.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Baxter, Robert. DVD Review of Puccini - La Bohème recording of the Feb 2003 performance at the Teatro degli Arcimboldi, Opera News, Jun 2005. Retrieved Feb 5, 2009.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Duetto CD liner notes, 2003.
  28. ↑ Program description of “Duetto - The Concert at the Roman Colosseum”, PBS Television in New York, air date Jun 12, 2003. Retrieved Feb 2, 2009.
  29. ↑ Mudge, Stephen “In Review - Paris - Massenet’s Manon from Opéra Paris”, Opera News, Oct 2001. Retrieved Feb 2, 2009.
  30. ↑ “Di quella pira” from Verdi’s ‘‘Il trovatore’’, Parma 2006. YouTube.com. Retrieved Feb 20, 2009.
  31. ↑ Conrad, Peter. “The Bee Gee Who Never Was”, The Observer, Jun 4, 2004. Retrieved Jan 27, 2009.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Pines, Roger. DVD Review of Puccini - Tosca, Jul 2006 performance at the Arena di Verona, Opera News, Apr 2008. Retrieved Feb 9, 2009.
  33. ↑ Smith, Steve. “That Gypsy Girl - She Is and Always Will Be Trouble”, New York Times, Feb 6, 2008. Retrieved Feb 9, 2009.
  34. ↑ “L'ara o l'avello apprestami” from Verdi’s ‘‘Luisa Miller’’, Parma 2007 YouTube.com. Retrieved Feb 20, 2009.
  35. ↑ Irurzun, José M. “Verdi, Luisa Miller”, Seen and Heard International's Worldwide Concert and Opera Reviews, Nov 13, 2008. Retrieved Jan 27, 2009.
  36. ↑ "At the Metropolitan Opera, a Kinky Take on a Classic" by Anthony Tommasini New York Times, Sep 22, 2009. Retrieved Jan 22, 2010.
  37. ↑ Metropolitan Opera's Live in HD schedule, 2009-2010
  38. ↑ "Aida @ The Met", "Oberon481.typepad.com", 2012-02-13. Retrieved Feb 16, 2012.
  39. ↑ [http://blog.oup.com/2013/08/hd-broadcast-cannibalization-met-operas-live-audience/ “Are HD broadcasts 'cannibalizing' the Metropolitan Opera's live audiences?", James Steichen, Aug 13, 2013. Retrieved Apr 30, 2015.
  40. ↑ “Una furtiva lagrima” from Donizetti’s ‘‘L’elisir d’amore’’, Faenol Festival, Wales, UK 2000. YouTube.com. Retrieved Feb 20, 2009.
  41. ↑ Mudge, Stephen J.“Andrea Chénier, Opéra National de Paris, 12/3/09", "Opera News", March 2010, vol 74, no.9. Retrieved Mar 2, 2010.
  42. ↑ Ronan, Mark "Aida, Royal Opera, Covent Garden, April 2010", "Mark Ronan's Theatre Reviews", April 2010. Retrieved Apr 28, 2010.
  43. ↑ Sohre, James "Drapes n' Drops in Paris Forza, December 2011", "OperaToday.com", December 2011. Retrieved Feb 16, 2012.
  44. ↑ Thompson, Simon. "Excellent Verdi singing","Arkiv Music.com". Retrieved Mar 2, 2010.

External links