Maramureș County
| Maramureș County Județul Maramureș | ||
|---|---|---|
| County | ||
| ||
 | ||
| Country | Romania | |
| Development region | Nord-Vest | |
| Historical region | Maramureș | |
| Capital | Baia Mare | |
| Area | ||
| • Total | 6,304 km2 (2,434 sq mi) | |
| Area rank | 15th | |
| Population (2006)[1] | ||
| • Total | 516,562 | |
| • Rank | 17th | |
| • Density | 82/km2 (210/sq mi) | |
| Telephone code | (+40) 262 or (+40) 362[2] | |
| ISO 3166 code | RO-MM | |
| Website |
County Council Prefecture | |
Maramureș (Romanian pronunciation: [maraˈmureʃ]) is a county (județ) of Romania, in the Maramureș region. The county seat is Baia Mare.
Name
In Hungarian, it is known as Máramaros megye, in Ukrainian as Мараморо́щина, and in German as Kreis Marmarosch.
History
- The 10th century frontier county of Borsova was founded by Stephen I of Hungary. Since then Máramaros served as the north-eastern border of the Hungarian Kingdom until 1920, the Trianon Peace Treaty.
- 11th century historical Maramureș counties separation from Borsova (Rom. Borșa)
- 1241 Tartar invasion decimated about half of the local population
- 14th century Duke (knyaz) Bogdan of Maramureș said to be founder of Moldova
- In the Middle Ages, the historical region of Maramureș was known for its salt mines and later for its lumber
- In 1920 after the Treaty of Trianon, the northern part of the county became part of newly formed Czechoslovakia. The southern part (including Sighetu Marmației) became part of Romania.
- For more information regarding the history see Máramaros, referring the historical Hungarian name of the county.
Demographics
In 2011, the county had a population of 461,290 and a population density of 73.17 inhabitants per square kilometre (189.5/sq mi).
- Romanians - 82.38% (or 380,018)[3]
- Hungarians - 7.53% (or 34,781)
- Ukrainians - 6.77% (or 31,234)
- Romani - 2.73% (or 12,638)
- Germans - 0.27% (or 1,243), and others.
In 1910, 18.4% of the county were Jewish.
| Year | County population[4] |
|---|---|
| 1948 | 321,287 |
| 1956 |  367,114 |
| 1966 | 427,645 |
| 1977 | 492,860 |
| 1992 | 538,534 |
| 2002 |  510,110 |
| 2011 | 461,290 |
Geography
This county has a total area of 6,304 square kilometres (2,434 sq mi), of which 43% is covered by the Rodna Mountains, with its tallest peak, Pietrosul, at 2,303 metres (7,556 ft) altitude. Together with Gutâi and Țibleș mountain ranges, the Rodna mountains are part of the Eastern Carpathians. The rest of the county are hills, plateaus, and valleys. The county is crossed by Tisa River and its main tributaries: Iza, Vișeu, and Mara rivers.
Neighbours
- Suceava County to the East.
- Satu Mare County to the West.
- Ukraine to the North - Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast and Zakarpattia Oblast.
- Sălaj County, Cluj County and Bistrița-Năsăud County to the South.
Economy
Maramureș is known for its pastoral and agricultural traditions, largely unscathed by the industrialisation campaign that had been carried on during Romania's communist period. Ploughing, planting, harvesting, and hay making and handling are mostly done through manual labour. The county is also home to a strong mining industry of extraction of metals other than iron. The industrial plants built around Baia Mare during the communist period heavily polluted the area in the past, but recently, due to the decline of the city's industrial activity, the area is less polluted.
Tourism
The region is known for its beautiful rural scenery, local small woodwork and craftwork industry as well as for its churches and original rural architecture. There are not many paved roads in rural areas, and most of them are usually accessible.
The county's main tourist attractions:
- The cities of Baia Mare and Sighetu Marmației.
- The villages on the Iza, Mara, and Vișeu Valleys.
- The Wooden churches of Maramureș
- The Wooden churches of Lăpuș
- The Wooden churches of Chioar
- The Merry Cemetery of Săpânța
- The Rodna Mountains.
- The landscape of Cavnic.
Administrative divisions
Maramureș County has 2 municipalities, 11 towns and 63 communes.
- Municipalities
- Baia Mare - county seat; population: 114,925 (as of 2011)
- Sighetu Marmației
- Communes
- Ardusat
- Ariniș
- Asuaju de Sus
- Băița de sub Codru
- Băiuț
- Bârsana
- Băsești
- Bicaz
- Bistra
- Bocicoiu Mare
- Bogdan Vodă
- Boiu Mare
- Botiza
- Breb
- Budești
- Călinești
- Câmpulung la Tisa
- Cernești
- Cicârlău
- Coaș
- Coltău
- Copalnic-Mănăștur
- Coroieni
- Cupșeni
- Desești
- Dumbrăvița
- Fărcașa
- Gârdani
- Giulești
- Groși
- Groșii Țibleșului
- Ieud
- Lăpuș
- Leordina
- Mireșu Mare
- Moisei
- Oarța de Jos
- Ocna Șugatag
- Onceşti
- Petrova
- Poienile de sub Munte
- Poienile Izei
- Recea
- Remetea Chioarului
- Remeți
- Repedea
- Rona de Jos
- Rona de Sus
- Rozavlea
- Ruscova
- Săcălășeni
- Săcel
- Sălsig
- Săpânța
- Sarasău
- Satulung
- Șieu
- Șișești
- Strâmtura
- Suciu de Sus
- Vadu Izei
- Valea Chioarului
- Vima Mică
- Vișeu de Jos
References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Maramureș County. |
- ↑ INSSE Statistic
- ↑ The number used depends on the numbering system employed by the phone companies on the market.
- ↑ National Institute of Statistics, "Populația după etnie"
- ↑ National Institute of Statistics, "Populația la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992 și 2002"
External links
- Sighetu Marmației Online News
- Sat Mogoșești, jud. Maramureș
- Portal of Sighetu Marmației
- More about Maramureș history
- (Romanian) Poienile de sub Munte -- a website dedicated to this village
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Coordinates: 47°40′22″N 24°00′18″E / 47.67278°N 24.00500°E