Malcolm Turnbull

The Honourable
Malcolm Turnbull
MP
Minister for Communications
Incumbent
Assumed office
18 September 2013
Prime Minister Tony Abbott
Preceded by Anthony Albanese
Leader of the Opposition
In office
16 September 2008 – 1 December 2009
Deputy Julie Bishop
Preceded by Brendan Nelson
Succeeded by Tony Abbott
Leader of the Liberal Party
In office
16 September 2008 – 1 December 2009
Deputy Julie Bishop
Preceded by Brendan Nelson
Succeeded by Tony Abbott
Minister for the Environment and Water Resources
In office
30 January 2007 – 3 December 2007
Prime Minister John Howard
Preceded by Ian Campbell (Environment and Heritage)
Succeeded by Peter Garrett (Environment, Heritage and the Arts)
Member of the Australian Parliament
for Wentworth
Incumbent
Assumed office
9 October 2004
Preceded by Peter King
Majority 17.7 points
Personal details
Born Malcolm Bligh Turnbull
24 October 1954
Sydney, Australia
Political party Liberal Party
Other political
affiliations		 Coalition
Spouse(s) Lucy Hughes
Children Alex
Daisy
Alma mater University of Sydney
Brasenose College, Oxford
Religion Roman Catholicism[1]
Website Official website

Malcolm Bligh Turnbull (born 24 October 1954) is an Australian politician who has been the Member of Parliament for Wentworth in Sydney's Eastern Suburbs since 2004. He was the Leader of the Opposition and Leader of the Liberal Party from 2008 to 2009, and has been the Minister for Communications since 18 September 2013.[2]

Turnbull was educated at Sydney Grammar School and the University of Sydney, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws. He then attended Brasenose College, Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Civil Law. Prior to entering politics, he worked as a journalist, lawyer, investment banker, and venture capitalist. In 1993, he became the Chairman of the Australian Republican Movement, a position he held until 2000.

In September 2008, Turnbull was elected Leader of the Liberal Party, becoming the Leader of the Opposition. In November 2009, he ordered the Liberal Party to support the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme proposed by the Labor Government. This decision split the Liberal Party, and following a leadership challenge by Tony Abbott on 1 December, Turnbull lost the leadership by one vote.

Early life


Malcolm Turnbull was born on 24 October 1954 to Bruce Bligh Turnbull and Coral Magnolia Lansbury.[3] His father was a hotel broker; his mother was a radio actor, writer and academic and a cousin of the British film and television actor Angela Lansbury.[4] They separated when Turnbull was nine, with Turnbull's mother leaving first for New Zealand and then the United States.[5] Turnbull was then raised by his father.[6][7][8]

Education

Turnbull spent his first three years of school at Vaucluse Public School before he continued his primary education at the former Randwick campus[5] of Sydney Grammar Prep.[9][10] He then attended Sydney Grammar School's senior school at College Street in Sydney on a partial scholarship.[5][10][11] He was senior school co-captain in 1972, as well as winning the Lawrence Campbell Oratory Competition, and excelled particularly in the literary subjects such as English and history.[5][12] However, contrary to certain sources,[11] Turnbull was not the dux of his graduating year at Sydney Grammar.[13] In 1987, in memory of his late father, he set up the Bruce Turnbull means-tested scholarship at Sydney Grammar, which offers full remission of fees to a student unable to afford them.[10]

In 1973 Turnbull attended the University of Sydney and subsequently graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1977 and a Bachelor of Laws in 1978.[14][15] During his studies, he worked as a political journalist for Nation Review, Radio 2SM and Channel 9 covering state politics.[16]

In 1978, Turnbull won a Rhodes Scholarship[17] and attended Brasenose College, Oxford, where he studied for a Bachelor of Civil Law between 1978 and 1980. While at Oxford, he worked for The Sunday Times as well as contributing to newspapers and magazines in the United States and Australia.[18]

Career

After graduating with honours from Oxford, Turnbull returned to Australia and began working as a barrister. He left the bar in 1983 to become General Counsel and Secretary for Australian Consolidated Press Holdings Group, from 1983 to 1985. During this time he defended Kerry Packer against the "Goanna" allegations made by the Costigan Commission.

In partnership with Bruce McWilliam he established his own law firm, Turnbull McWilliam, in 1986. In that year Turnbull defended Peter Wright, a former MI5 agent, who authored the book Spycatcher, who successfully blocked the British Government's attempts to suppress the book's publication, and Turnbull later wrote a book on the trial.[19] In 1987, he established an investment banking firm, Whitlam Turnbull & Co Ltd, in partnership with Neville Wran (a former Labor Premier of New South Wales) and the former State Bank of New South Wales chief executive, Nicholas Whitlam (son of Gough Whitlam, a former Labor Prime Minister of Australia). Whitlam parted company with the others in 1990 and the firm operated as Turnbull & Partners Ltd from then until 1997, when Turnbull moved to become a managing director and later a partner of Goldman Sachs. Turnbull was also chair of a large Australian Internet Service Provider, OzEmail (1994–99), a director of FTR Holdings Ltd (1995–2004), chair and managing director of Goldman Sachs Australia (1997–2001) and a partner with Goldman Sachs and Co (1998–2001). In the 1990s, Turnbull was chairman of Axiom Forest Resources, which conducted logging in the Solomon Islands under the trading name Silvania Forest Products. The latter's work was described by the Australian International Development Assistance Bureau as a "clear-felling operation", and the then Solomon Islands Prime Minister Solomon Mamaloni reportedly threatened to close it down for "constant breaches of logging practices", according to a critical article in the Solomon Times.[20][21]

In 1999, Turnbull sold OzEmail to the then-telecommunications giant MCI Worldcom and his stake was reportedly worth nearly A$60 million. In the same year he used his software and investment company FTR Holdings Ltd to take positions in a number of Internet businesses including WebCentral and Chaos.com.[22] In May 2002, Turnbull appeared before the HIH Insurance royal commission and was questioned on Goldman Sachs's involvement in the possible privatisation of one of the acquisitions of the collapsed insurance company. The Royal Commissioner's Report made no adverse findings against him or Goldman Sachs.[23]

Political career

Australian Republican Movement

From 1993 to 2000, Turnbull was the chairman of the Australian Republican Movement. He was an elected delegate at the Australian Constitutional Convention 1998 in Canberra in February.[24] At the Convention, Turnbull cautioned against mixing the roles of President and Prime Minister and ultimately supported the Bi-partisan appointment republican model adopted by the Convention, despite the model having little popular support in the broad electorate. For this reason, he was later considered by many to have betrayed the Australian Republican Movement he claimed to support.[25] Turnbull was active in the unsuccessful 1999 referendum campaign to establish an Australian republic. He published a book on the subject, called Fighting for the Republic. In 2000 Turnbull retired as chairman of the Australian Republican Movement. Turnbull left the board of Ausflag in 1994 after being asked for his resignation and in 2004 joined the Australian National Flag Association.[26]

Early Liberal Party involvement

Turnbull was Federal Treasurer of the Liberal Party and a member of the party's federal and New South Wales executives from 2002 to 2003 and was a director of the Menzies Research Centre, the Liberal Party's research centre.

Turnbull in 2005

Election to Parliament

Turnbull first showed interest in entering the Australian Parliament in 1981. He stood for Liberal Party preselection for the seat of Wentworth in the eastern suburbs of Sydney in the 1981 Wentworth by-election; however he was beaten by Peter Coleman.[6] He let his membership of the Liberal Party lapse in the 1980s, and rejoined in late 2000.[27] In 2003, Turnbull announced that he was again seeking a parliamentary seat.

In early 2004 he won another hotly contested battle for Wentworth, defeating Peter King, the sitting Liberal member. King stood for the seat at the 2004 election as an independent candidate. As a result, the traditionally safe Liberal electorate was turned into an electoral wildcard, with the contest for the seat becoming a three-person race between Turnbull, King and Labor candidate David Patch. During the campaign, Turnbull spent over A$600,000 on the campaign.[28] The Liberal primary vote fell ten per cent, and Turnbull won on King's preferences.

Howard Government minister

Announcing his cabinet reshuffle on 24 January 2006, the Prime Minister John Howard promoted Turnbull from the backbench to Parliamentary Secretary, with special responsibility for water. In this new capacity he reported directly to the Prime Minister. On 26 September 2006, Howard announced the creation, within the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, of the new "Office of Water Resources" to address the problem of drought in Australia. Turnbull was given charge of this office until he was elevated by Howard as Minister for the Environment and Water Resources in January 2007.

In his position as Environment Minister, Turnbull approved a proposed A$1.7 billion Bell Bay Pulp Mill in Tasmania's north, near Launceston.[29] Turnbull's approval of the Bell Bay Pulp Mill project of Gunns Ltd came on 4 October 2007 and followed a report by the Government's chief scientist Jim Peacock on the project's potential environmental impact, which requires the project to meet 48 "strict environmental" conditions.

In February 2007, Turnbull was criticised for claiming a government allowance of A$175 a night and paying it to his wife as rent while living in a townhouse owned by her in Canberra.[30]

During the 2007 election campaign, Turnbull announced that the then Government would contribute A$10 million to the investigation of an untried Russian technology that aims to trigger rainfall from the atmosphere, even when there are no clouds. Literature suggests that the technology is based on bogus science. The Australian Rain Corporation presented research documents written in Russian, explained by a Russian researcher who spoke to local experts in Russian.[31] Although Turnbull claimed that Australian Rain Corporation was Australian-based, investigations revealed that it was 75 per cent Swiss-owned. It was also revealed that a prominent stakeholder in the Australian Rain Corporation, Matt Handbury, is a nephew of Rupert Murdoch. Turnbull has refused to answer questions regarding Handbury's contribution to the Wentworth Forum, the main fund-raising organisation for Turnbull's 2007 election campaign.[31]

In 2007, Turnbull promised that his government, if elected, would grant same-sex couples death benefits in Commonwealth superannuation schemes, a promise similar to one made three years earlier, during the 2004 federal election campaign.[32]

Opposition

Turnbull retained his seat at the 2007 election gaining a two-party 1.3-point swing in Wentworth,[33] despite a 5.6-point swing away from the coalition in the state, and a 5.4-point swing nationwide.[34] Prime Minister Howard had lost his own seat of Bennelong, and on 25 November 2007, Liberal deputy leader Peter Costello announced he would not seek the party leadership. Turnbull declared his candidacy later the same day, and was considered a favourite by many.[35] He lost to Brendan Nelson, in a 45 to 42 vote. Nelson in turn appointed him Shadow Treasurer.[36]

Shortly afterwards, fellow opposition front bencher Nick Minchin suggested that Turnbull's failure to consult with party colleagues before declaring his opinion to the media on such issues as an apology to the Stolen Generations cost him the leadership.[37] This led to a disagreement between the two and culminated in Minchin privately telling Turnbull that he was "too f***ing sensitive".[38] In May 2008, Turnbull attacked the 2008 Australian federal budget, concerned by increased taxes on luxury cars and certain alcoholic drinks, citing possible increased inflation.[39]

Leader of the Opposition

Turnbull (centre) with Helen Coonan (left) and Julie Bishop (right) in July 2009.

On 16 September 2008, Turnbull was elected party leader by 45 votes to 41. The same month, he confessed that he had smoked marijuana in his younger days, becoming the first Liberal leader to make such an admission. He said he now thought it was a very bad idea because the drug could be damaging.[40] In early 2009 Turnbull appointed Chris Kenny, a former Downer staffer and Advertiser journalist, as his chief of staff.[41]

In May 2009, Turnbull attacked the 2009 Australian federal budget, in particular the means testing of the private health insurance rebate.[42] The following month, Godwin Grech, a Treasury official, alleged that a car dealer with links to the Labor Party had received preferential treatment under the OzCar program, sparking the 'OzCar affair'. That day Turnbull stated that Prime Minister Rudd and Treasurer Wayne Swan had "used their offices and taxpayers' resources to seek advantage for one of their mates and then lied about it to the Parliament" and that they needed to explain their actions or resign.[43] On 22 June the e-mail Grech had provided to the Liberal Party to support this allegation was found to have been faked by Grech; later admitted by Grech,[44] and an Australian National Audit Office inquiry on 4 August cleared both Rudd and Swan of any wrongdoing.[45] Turnbull's handling of the OzCar affair led to a large decline in his and the Liberal Party's approval ratings in opinion polls.[46]

On 24 November 2009 a party room meeting was held to discuss the Rudd government's proposed Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS). Turnbull instructed the party to support CPRS despite significant disagreement among his colleagues.[47] There was even a suggestion that some Liberal Senators should vote to "guillotine" debate and force an immediate Senate vote on the CPRS bill. (If the Senate rejected the bill, this would have given the government a double dissolution trigger.) In response the next day, MPs Wilson Tuckey and Dennis Jensen made a "spill motion" (for a party leadership vote), but it was defeated by 48 votes to 35.[48] The rebellion continued, though – many front bench Liberals resigned from the shadow cabinet, including Tony Abbott.[49]

On 1 December 2009, a spill motion was carried. Turnbull lost the subsequent leadership ballot to Abbott by 42 votes to 41 on the second ballot.[50]

Post-leadership

After the leadership vote, Turnbull said he would serve out his full term as member for Wentworth.[51] On 6 April 2010, he announced he would not seek re-election.[52] However, on 1 May 2010 he reversed his decision.[53]

At the 2010 federal election, Turnbull was re-elected with a swing of over 11%[54] and was subsequently brought back to the front bench as shadow communications minister.[55] At the 2012 Alfred Deakin Lecture on digital liberty[56] he spoke out strongly against the Australian government's proposed two-year data retention law.[57]

In July 2012, Turnbull was criticised for saying that civil unions should be accepted as a first step towards full same-sex marriage rights. Turnbull also supports gay marriage and a conscience vote for Coalition MP's on the issue. However, Tony Abbott did not allow a conscience vote on the issue. Turnbull said that countries that have legalised gay marriage such as The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Norway, Canada and the United Kingdom first had civil unions.[58]

Broadband

On Tuesday 9 April 2013, Turnbull along with Tony Abbott announced his alternative National Broadband Network (NBN) plan.[59] The new plan is a modified and scaled-down NBN with "fibre to the node" (FTTN) then last-mile by copper cable.[60] The new policy developed by Turnbull reversed the previous Liberal Party position, which had called for the dismantling of the NBN should the Liberal Party win the 2013 federal election. As such, the policy will allow the NBN to continue irrespective of the result so the election, although it may do so in a different form from what is currently being built.[60] In 2014, Turnbull announced that the Vertigan Report, a cost-benefit analysis of providing fast broadband to regional and rural Australia through wireless and satellite services, revealed that it will cost nearly A$5 billion and was expected to produce only A$600 million in economic benefits – a return of just 10 per cent. In spite of the economic cost, Turnbull stated that subsidising broadband to regional areas is "fiendishly expensive" but said there was no other option.[61] Turnbull brokered a deal between the government, NBN Co and Telstra in December 2014 whereby NBN Co acquired Telstra's copper network and hybrid-fibre coaxial (HFC) which shall be used to deliver the NBN. Further, Telstra and NBN Co are to work together on the FTTN trial which involves 200,000 premises.[62]

Published works

Turnbull has written several books in relation to his contributions to the republican debate, as well as his experiences during the Spycatcher trial. Notable examples of his writings include:

Personal life

Turnbull is married to prominent businesswoman and former Lord Mayor of Sydney Lucy Turnbull AO, née Hughes. They were married on 22 March 1980 at Cumnor, Oxfordshire, near Oxford by a Church of England priest while Turnbull was attending the University of Oxford.[66] They and their two children, Alex and Daisy, live in Sydney.[67]

The use of Bligh as a male middle name is a tradition in the Turnbull family. It is Turnbull's middle name as well as that of his son. One of Turnbull's ancestors was colonist John Turnbull, who named his youngest son William Bligh Turnbull in honour of deposed Governor William Bligh at the time of the Rum Rebellion.[68]

Turnbull and wife Lucy became grandparents in September 2013, when their daughter Daisy gave birth to a boy named Jack Alexander Turnbull-Brown. Turnbull announced the safe arrival on Twitter.[69]

Religion

Although Turnbull is a convert to Roman Catholicism from Presbyterianism,[66] he has found himself at odds with the church's teaching on abortion, stem cell research and same-sex marriage.[70][71] Turnbull supported legislation relaxing restrictions on abortion pill RU486 and he also voted for the legalisation of somatic cell nuclear transfer (therapeutic cloning).[72] He did so despite the vocal public opposition to both proposals by Cardinal George Pell, at the time, the Archbishop of Sydney.

Personal wealth

In 2005, the combined net worth of Malcolm and Lucy Turnbull was estimated at A$133 million,[73] making him Australia's richest parliamentarian[74] until the election of billionaire Clive Palmer in the 2013 elections.[75][76]

Turnbull made the BRW Rich 200 list for the second year running in 2010, and although he slipped from 182 to 197, his estimated net worth increased to A$186 million, and he continued to be the only sitting politician to make the list.[77] Turnbull was not listed in the 2014 list of the BRW Rich 200.[78]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Malcolm Turnbull interview with Belinda Hawkins". ABC Australia. August 3, 2009.
  2. ↑ "Tony Abbott's cabinet and outer ministry". smh.com.au. AAP. 16 September 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
  3. ↑ "Will privilege drown his message?". The Sydney Morning Herald. 17 September 2008.
  4. ↑ Fowler, Glenn (4 April 1991). "obituary". New York Times. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Clune, Richard (1 March 2013). "GQ&A with Malcolm Turnbull". GQ.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Ackland, Richard (17 October 2003). "A sureness that weakens Turnbull's case". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 10 September 2007.
  7. ↑ Lee, Sandra (3 December 2006). "A leader in waiting?". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 11 September 2007.
  8. ↑ "Turnbull battles for Wentworth". The 7.30 Report (ABC TV). 8 November 2006. Retrieved 9 November 2007.
  9. ↑ "Biography". Malcolm Turnbull MP.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "Panellist: Malcolm Turnbull". Q&A. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Overington, Caroline; Madden, James (17 September 2008). "I'm no silvertail, says new leader Malcolm Turnbull". The Australian.
  12. ↑ Tovey, Josephine (16 December 2013). "HSC results: Malcolm Turnbull recalls the day he received his results as wait for NSW students is almost over". Turf Craft.
  13. ↑ McNicoll, D. D. (19 September 2008). "Dux-hunting season". The Australian.
  14. ↑ Fell, Liz (2011). "Malcolm Turnbull: A feisty interview with the Shadow Minister". Telecommunications Journal of Australia 61 (1): 2.1–2.10.
  15. ↑ Andrews, Kirsten (16 September 2013). "University of Sydney welcomes alumni to Cabinet" (Press release). University of Sydney.
  16. ↑ "The rise and rise of Malcolm Turnbull". The Sydney Morning Herald. 16 September 2008.
  17. ↑ "Rhodes scholars". University of Sydney.
  18. ↑ Daley, Paul (21 September 2008). "Team Kevin rattled as Malcolm eyes the middle". The Age (Melbourne). Retrieved 27 April 2010.
  19. ↑ Ferguson, Sarah (25 August 2008). "My Brilliant Career" (TRANSCRIPT). Four Corners (ABC TV). Retrieved 10 September 2008.
  20. ↑ "A Former Logger Becomes Australian Federal Opposition Leader". Solomon Times. 21 September 2008.
  21. ↑ Randhawa, Sonia (26 September 2008). "Turnbull's logging background raises questions". ABC Radio Australia. Archived from the original on 16 December 2008. Retrieved 27 July 2014.
  22. ↑ "Top 20 Shareholders Chaosmusic Limited". Australian Securities Exchange. 14 December 1999. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
  23. ↑ "Turnbull fights HIH liquidator claims" (TRANSCRIPT). Lateline (Australia: ABC TV). 22 February 2006. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
  24. ↑ Vizard, Steve (1998). Two Weeks in Lilliput: Bear Baiting and Backbiting At the Constitutional Convention. Penguin. ISBN 0-14-027983-0.
  25. ↑ "The Age and Sydney Morning Herald – Australia's Constitutional Convention 1998". Pandora. National Library of Australia. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
  26. ↑ "Malcolm Turnbull joins the Australian National Flag Association". Ausflag.
  27. ↑ Wright, Lincoln (22 December 2000). "PM backs republican Turnbull for spot on think-tank board". The Canberra Times. p. 3.
  28. ↑ "Candidate electoral return for the election held on 9 October 2004" (PDF). Australian Electoral Commission. 2004. Retrieved 28 August 2007.
  29. ↑ Harrison, Dan (4 October 2007). "Turnbull approves Tasmanian pulp mill". The Age (Melbourne). Retrieved 19 November 2007.
  30. ↑ "Turnbull defends using travel allowance to pay rent at wife's house". ABC News (Australia). 25 February 2007. Retrieved 28 August 2007.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 "Turnbull pumps $10m into rainmaking gamble". ABC News (Australia). 20 November 2007. Retrieved 21 November 2007.
  32. ↑ Stafford, Annabel; Schubert, Misha (9 November 2007). "Gay activists remind parties of promises". The Age (Melbourne). Retrieved 9 November 2007.
  33. ↑ "House of Representatives Division First Preferences". Australian Electoral Commission. 18 December 2007. Retrieved 13 June 2010.
  34. ↑ "Two Part Preferred by State". Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
  35. ↑ "Media gather at Turnbull's residence". The Age (Melbourne). 25 November 2007. Retrieved 25 November 2007.
  36. ↑ "Nelson wins Lib leadership". The Age (Melbourne). 29 November 2007.
  37. ↑ "Turnbull criticises Minchin for gibe". ABC News (Australia). 8 February 2008. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
  38. ↑ Maiden, Samantha (8 February 2008). "Minchin used f-word in Turnbull stoush". The Australian. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
  39. ↑ "Turnbull accuses Swan of 'voodoo economics'". ABC News (Australia). 14 May 2008. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
  40. ↑ "Turnbull mulls a misspent youth". The Sydney Morning Herald. 26 September 2008.
  41. ↑ "Turnbull appoints new right-hand man". The Advertiser. 7 January 2008.
  42. ↑ "Turnbull responds to budget". The Sydney Morning Herald. 15 May 2009. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
  43. ↑ "PM refers OzCar allegations to inquiry". AM (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). 20 June 2009. Retrieved 25 November 2009.
  44. ↑ "Grech 'wrote fake email'". The Age (Melbourne). 4 August 2009. Retrieved 25 November 2009.
  45. ↑ Saulwick, Jacob (4 August 2009). "Rudd, Swan cleared over OzCar scandal". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 25 November 2009.
  46. ↑ Coorey, Phillip (29 June 2009). "Malcolm Turnbull and Utegate | Liberal Party". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
  47. ↑ Franklin, Matthew (26 November 2009). "Malcolm Turnbull sharpens the knife". The Australian. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
  48. ↑ Coorey, Phillip (25 November 2009). "Three quit as Turnbull survives". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 25 November 2009.
  49. ↑ Rodgers, Emma (26 November 2009). "Senior Liberals desert Turnbull". ABC News (Australia). Retrieved 27 April 2010.
  50. ↑ "Shock win for Abbott in leadership vote". ABC News (Australia). 1 December 2009.
  51. ↑ Nine Morning News, 1 December 2009.
  52. ↑ Balogh, Stefanie (6 April 2010). "Malcolm Turnbull to leave politics at next election". The Courier-Mail. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
  53. ↑ "Turnbull reverses decision to quit". The Age (Melbourne). 1 May 2010. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
  54. ↑ "House of Representatives Division First Preferences". Australian Electoral Commission. 15 September 2010. Retrieved 20 September 2010.
  55. ↑ Hudson, Phillip (14 September 2010). "Tony Abbott promotes Malcolm Turnbull in new shadow ministry". Herald Sun. Retrieved 20 September 2010.
  56. ↑ Turnbull, Malcolm (October 2012). Free at last or freedom lost? Liberty in the digital age (Speech). 2012 Alfred Deakin Lecture. Malcolm Turnbull.
  57. ↑ Taylor, Josh (8 October 2012). "Turnbull has grave misgivings about data retention proposal". ZDNet.
  58. ↑ Peatling, Stephanie (7 July 2012). "Turnbull under fire for gay marriage stance". The Age (Melbourne). Retrieved 30 September 2013.
  59. ↑ "All that glitters ... Abbott and 'Mr Broadband' hawk the copper option". The Sydney Morning Herald.
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 Kohler, Alan (10 April 2013). "How Malcolm Turnbull saved the NBN". ABC News (Australia).
  61. ↑ Knott, Matthew; Timson, Lia (27 August 2014). "Malcolm Turnbull: NBN plan won't change despite massive cost for rural coverage". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  62. ↑ Ferguson, Adele (15 December 2014). "Malcolm Turnbull to make NBN better, faster, stronger". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  63. ↑ Turnbull, Malcolm (1988). The Spycatcher trial. William Heinemann Australia. ISBN 978-0-85561-239-9.
  64. ↑ Turnbull, Malcolm (1993). The reluctant republic. William Heinemann Australia. ISBN 978-0-85561-372-3.
  65. ↑ Turnbull, Malcolm (1999). Fighting for the republic: the ultimate insider's account. Hardie Grant. ISBN 978-1-86498-107-0.
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 Turnbull, Malcolm (3 August 2009). Malcolm Turnbull Interview (TRANSCRIPT). television interview with Belinda Hawkins. Australian Story. ABC TV. Australia. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
  67. ↑ "About Malcolm". Malcolm Turnbull. 2010. Retrieved 17 September 2010.
  68. ↑ Captain Bligh's Other Mutiny. Sydney: Random House Australia. 2007. pp. 84–85. ISBN 978-1-74166-798-1.
  69. ↑ "Malcolm Turnbull announces safe arrival of grandson Jack on Twitter". News.com.au (News Corp Australia). 19 September 2013. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
  70. ↑ "Catholic MPs to defy Pell over bill". The Sydney Morning Herald. 6 June 2007.
  71. ↑ Turnbull, Malcolm (9 July 2012). Artistic Politics (TRANSCRIPT). television panel interview with Virginia Trioli. Q&A. ABC TV. Australia. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
  72. ↑ Wallace, Max (24 November 2008). "Malcolm Turnbull: the very imperfect Catholic". ON LINE opinion. The National Forum. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
  73. ↑ Murphy, Katharine; Grattan, Michelle (18 September 2008). "All a bit rich as wealthy worlds collide in the battle for the battlers". The Age (Melbourne). Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  74. ↑ "The politics of envy and the actions of greed". Live News. 24 September 2008. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
  75. ↑ Thomson, James (9 September 2013). "Clive Palmer joins elite club of rich-list politicians, but his fortune's under pressure". BRW.
  76. ↑ Griffiths, Emma (2 December 2013). "Clive Palmer calls for company tax changes in maiden speech to Parliament". Yahoo!7.
  77. ↑ Zappone, Chris (26 May 2010). "Politicians' wealth revealed as Malcolm Turnbull makes rich list again". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 26 May 2010.
  78. ↑ "BRW Rich 200". BRW. 27 June 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2014.

External links

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Preceded by
Thomas Keneally		 Chairperson of the Australian Republican Movement
1993–2000 		Succeeded by
Ian Chappell
Parliament of Australia
Preceded by
Peter King		 Member of Parliament
for Wentworth
2004–present 		Incumbent
Political offices
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Ian Campbell
as Minister for the Environment and Heritage		 Minister for the Environment and Water Resources
2007 		Succeeded by
Peter Garrett
as Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts
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Wayne Swan		 Shadow Treasurer of Australia
2007–2008 		Succeeded by
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Brendan Nelson		 Leader of the Opposition
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Tony Abbott
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