MV San Demetrio

MV San Demetrio
Career (UK)
Name: San Demetrio
Namesake: Saint Demetrius of Thessaloniki
Owner: Eagle Oil & Shipping Co Ltd[1][2]
Builder: Blythswood Ship Building Co,[1] Scotstoun[3]
Yard number: 52[3]
Launched: 11 October 1938[3]
Out of service: 1942
Homeport: London
Identification: UK official number 156023[1]
Call sign GKKW[1]
Fate: Sunk by U-404 on 17 March 1942[3]
General characteristics
Class and type:Oil tanker
Displacement:8,073 GRT[1]
Length:463.2 ft (141.2 m)[1]/479 ft 5 in (146.13 m)[1]
Beam:61.2 ft (18.7 m)[1]
Draught:27 ft 1⁄2 in (8.24 m)[1]
Depth:33.1 ft (10.1 m)[1]
Installed power:502 NHP[1]
Propulsion:8-cylinder 4-stroke single-acting marine diesel built by JG Kincaid & Co Ltd, Greenock[1][2]
Speed:12 knots (22 km/h)
Complement:45 officers & men; 8 DEMS gunners[4]
Armament:1 × 4.7 inch gun
1 × 12-pounder gun
1 × Hotchkiss gun[5]

MV San Demetrio was a British motor tanker,[2] notable for her service during the Second World War. She was built in 1938 for the Eagle Oil and Shipping Company.[2] In 1940 she was damaged by enemy action in mid-Atlantic, abandoned by her crew but later re-boarded and successfully brought into harbour. She was the subject of a 1943 feature film, San Demetrio London, one of the few films that recognised the heroism of the UK Merchant Navy crews during the War.

San Demetrio was one of several motor tankers of about 8,000 GRT built for Eagle Oil and Shipping in the latter 1930s. She was built by the Blythswood Shipbuilding Company of Glasgow, who had also launched her sister ships San Conrado in 1936 and San Cipriano in 1937.[1]

Convoy HX-84

San Demetrio had loaded 11,200 tons of aviation fuel in Galveston, Texas and was bound for Avonmouth, England. She was one of 38 ships that joined Convoy HX-84 for the passage across the north Atlantic and left Halifax, Nova Scotia on 28 October 1940.[6] The Wickes-class destroyer HMCS Columbia (I49) and Clemson-class destroyer HMCS St. Francis (I93) escorted the convoy out of Canadian home waters but once clear of the coast the convoy's sole escort was the armed merchant cruiser HMS Jervis Bay[6] — a converted passenger liner that had been armed with seven outdated BL 6 inch Mk VII naval guns and a pair of 3-inch (76 mm) anti-aircraft guns.

Attack by the Admiral Scheer

On 5 November the German cruiser Admiral Scheer found the convoy at 50°30′N 32°00′W / 50.500°N 32.000°W and attacked immediately. Captain E.S.F. Fegen of HMS Jervis Bay steamed out towards the raider so as to delay the Admiral Scheer to allow the convoy to scatter and escape. Jervis Bay was completely outclassed, but she fought for 22 minutes[7] before she was sunk with the loss of 190 of her crew. Their sacrifice enabled most of the merchantmen from Convoy HX-84 to escape and Fegen received a posthumous Victoria Cross.

Admiral Scheer now tried to sink as many of the convoy as possible before darkness fell. She hit San Demetrio with several shells that destroyed the bridge and poop deck and left the upper deck in flames. Despite both the exploding shells and the resultant fire, the ship's highly flammable cargo did not explode. Nevertheless her Master, Captain Waite, believed that the fire could set off the aviation fuel at any moment so he gave the order to abandon ship. With the ship remaining under fire from the Scheer, the crew escaped in two lifeboats. Admiral Scheer then turned her attention to other ships of the rapidly scattering convoy.

Re-boarding

The two lifeboats separated in the night and the lifeboat with the captain and twenty-five crew was picked up and taken to Newfoundland. The sixteen men in the other lifeboat, including Second Officer Arthur G. Hawkins and Chief Engineer Charles Pollard, drifted for 24 hours when they sighted a burning ship. To their surprise, they discovered that it was their own ship, San Demetrio. With few alternatives, the crew had to decide whether to risk death by exposure or to re-board and risk the fire. In the end they chose to remain in the lifeboat because the fire was too great and the weather too hazardous to attempt boarding, but after a second night in the boat and enduring a freezing North Atlantic winter gale, they regretted not re-boarding the tanker.

At dawn the following day, 7 November, the San Demetrio was about 5 nautical miles (9 km) downwind so the crew set sail toward her and re-boarded. They fought the fire, repaired the port auxiliary boiler sufficiently to restart the ship's pumps and dynamos and repaired the auxiliary steering gear.[8] No charts or navigational instruments had survived[3] so the crew estimated a course from occasional glimpses of the sun. Her radio had not survived either.[3] They managed to sail the tanker across the rest of the Atlantic, braving bad weather and U-boats. After seven days the San Demetrio reached waters off Ireland from where they were escorted on to the mouth of the River Clyde, docking on 16 November. They declined the offer of a tow from a tug[3] because of the high cost.

Despite the damage and fire only 200 tons of San Demetrio‍ '​s highly volatile cargo had been lost. There was only one fatality, John Boyle, who had been injured jumping into the lifeboat after the original battle and gradually began to feel unwell. He was propped up in the engine room to watch the gauges but died of a haemorrhage after two days. He was posthumously awarded the King's Commendation for Brave Conduct.

Since the crew had received no assistance from another vessel, in the ensuing case in the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division of the High Court[9] they were able to claim the salvage money from the insurers for the ship and cargo. The oil and freight cargo were valued at £60,000. The ship herself, almost new, was worth £250,000. The High Court awarded the claimants £14,700 salvage money: £2,000 of it going to Second Officer Hawkins; £1,000 to the estate of Joe Boyle. Another £1,000 went to 26-year-old Oswald Ross Preston, an American seaman, because he played a "magnificent" part when the battle started. Hawkins was also given the tattered Red Ensign of the ship.

Second Officer Hawkins was awarded the OBE for his gallantry.[3][8] Chief Engineer Charles Pollard and Deck Apprentice John Lewis Jones each received the Lloyd's War Medal for Bravery at Sea.[8] San Demetrio was repaired and returned to service.

Sinking

On 14 March 1942 San Demetrio sailed unescorted from Baltimore, Maryland bound for the UK via Halifax, Nova Scotia with a cargo of 4,000 tons of alcohol and 7,000 tons of aviation spirit.[4] On 17 March she was northwest of Cape Charles, Virginia when the German U-boat U-404 torpedoed and sank her.[4] 16 crew and three DEMS gunners were lost[4] and six crew wounded[3] but survivors managed to launch two lifeboats.[4] Two days later the US tanker SS Beta rescued the Master, 26 crew and five DEMS gunners and took them to Norfolk, Virginia.[4] The Master, Conrad Vidot, was awarded the Lloyd's War Medal.[4]

Film

The ship's part in Convoy HX-84 was made into a film, San Demetrio London in 1943, starring Walter Fitzgerald, Mervyn Johns, Ralph Michael, and Robert Beatty.[10] It was one of the few films to recognise the heroism of British Merchant Navy crews during the war. Perhaps the only mainstream film where one of the characters mentions the town of Faversham, (specifically the beer in the Ship Inn) referencing the town's strong connections to the sea and its brewing history.

Book

One of the ship's crew, Able Seaman Calum Macneil, wrote a book called San Demetrio, which was published by Angus and Robertson in 1957. It is a personal account of leaving his previous ship and joining the crew of the San Demetrio. He was one of the crew who abandoned the ship then re-boarded during the voyage of Convoy HX-84.

Art depictions and museum holdings

A wartime poster called "San Demetrio gets home" was issued by the Post Office Savings Bank. It featured a painting of the ship by Charles Pears.[11] She is also depicted in two works by marine painter Norman Wilkinson. The San Demetrio at the Jervis Bay action, 5 November 1940 is held by the National Maritime Museum (NMM),[12] while The Crew Reboarding the Tanker 'San Demetrio', 7 November 1940 is held by the Imperial War Museum (IWM).[13] The NMM collection also includes the ship's bell.[14] The IWM collection includes a fragment of her wheel,[15] and two models of the ship.[16] One of these models was made by Ealing Studios for use in the making of the film San Demetrio London.[17]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 Lloyd's Register, Steamers & Motorships (PDF). London: Lloyd's Register. 1941.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Talbot-Booth 1942, p. 460.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Cameron, Stuart; Biddulph, Bruce; Strathdee, Paul. "San Demetrio". Clydebuilt Ships Database. Shipping Times. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Helgason, Guðmundur (1995–2010). "San Demetrio (British motor tanker)". uboat.net. Guðmundur Helgason. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
  5. ↑ "Convoy HX 84 – Page 2: Report of an Interview with Mr. Charles Pollard, Chief Engineer, and Mr. Arthur C. Hawkins, 2nd Officer of M.V. San Demetrio". Warsailors.com. Siri Holm. 20 November 1940. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Convoy HX-84". Rhiw.com. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
  7. ↑ Bews, David (1998). "HMS "Jervis Bay" Armed Merchant Cruiser. Convoy HX.84. 5th November 1940". Caithness Archives. Highland Archives.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Jones, John Lewis (1977). ""John Lewis Jones" 1921–1986". Rhiw.com. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
  9. ↑ "World War: 16 Men & A Burning Ship". Time. 16 January 1941.
  10. ↑ San Demetrio, London at the Internet Movie Database
  11. ↑ "Art.IWM PST 16448 – San Demetrio Gets Home". Collections Search. Imperial War Museum. 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
  12. ↑ "BHC1615 – The San Demetrio at the Jervis Bay action, 5 November 1940". National Maritime Museum Collection. National Maritime Museum. 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
  13. ↑ "The Crew Reboarding the Tanker San Demetrio, 7 November 1940". Your Paintings. BBC. 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
  14. ↑ "EQA0481 – bell, ship's". National Maritime Museum Collection. National Maritime Museum. 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
  15. ↑ "EPH 9752 – ship's wheel, tanker MV San Demetrio". Collection Search. Imperial War Museum. 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
  16. ↑ "MOD 380 – MV San Demetrio". Collection Search. Imperial War Museum. 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
  17. ↑ "MOD 476 – MV San Demetrio". Collection Search. Imperial War Museum. 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2012.

Sources and further reading

External links

Coordinates: 37°3′N 73°50′W / 37.050°N 73.833°W