M81 Group

M81 Group

Observation data (Epoch J2000)
Constellation(s)	Ursa Major/Camelopardalis
Brightest member	M81^[1] (pictured)
Number of galaxies	34^[1]
Other designations
NGC 3031 Group
See also: Galaxy groups, Galaxy clusters, List of galaxy clusters

The M81 Group is a galaxy group in the constellations Ursa Major and Camelopardalis that includes the well-known galaxies Messier 81 and Messier 82, as well as several other galaxies with high apparent brightnesses.^[1] The approximate center of the group is located at a distance of 3.6 Mpc, making it one of the nearest groups to the Local Group.^[1] The group is estimated to have a total mass of (1.03 ± 0.17)×10¹²M_☉.^[2] The M81 Group, the Local Group, and other nearby groups all lie within the Virgo Supercluster (i.e. the Local Supercluster).^[3]

Members

The table below lists galaxies that have been identified as associated with the M81 Group by I. D. Karachentsev.^[1]

Amateur picture Messier 81 + 82 and NGC 3077 all of the M81 group, 33 frames stacked of 1 minute each.

**Members of the M81 Group**
Name	Type^[4]	R.A. (J2000)^[4]	Dec. (J2000)^[4]	Redshift (km/s)^[4]	Apparent Magnitude^[4]
Arp's Loop		09^h 57^m 32.6^s	+69° 17′ 00″	99	16.1
DDO 78	Im	10^h 26^m 27.4^s	+67° 39′ 16″	55 ± 10	15.8
F8D1	dE	09^h 44^m 47.1^s	+67° 26′ 19″		13.9
FM1	dSph	09^h 45^m 10.0^s	+68° 45′ 54″		17.5
HIJASS J1021+6842		10^h 21^m 00.0^s	+68° 42′ 00″	46	20
HS 117	I	10^h 21^m 25.2^s	+71° 06′ 51″	-37	16.5
Holmberg I	IAB(s)m	09^h 40^m 32.3^s	+71° 10′ 56″	139 ± 0	13.0
Holmberg II	Im	08^h 19^m 05.0^s	+70° 43′ 12″	142 ± 1	11.1
Holmberg IX	Im	09^h 57^m 32.0^s	+69° 02′ 45″	46 ± 6	14.3
IC 2574	SAB(s)m	10^h 28^m 23.5^s	+68° 24′ 44″	57 ± 2	13.2
IKN		10^h 08^m 05.9^s	+68° 23′ 57″		17.0
KKH 57	dSph	10^h 00^m 16.0^s	+63° 11′ 06″		18.5
Messier 81	SA(s)ab	09^h 55^m 33.2^s	+69° 03′ 55″	-34 ± 4	7.9
Messier 81 Dwarf A	I	08^h 23^m 56.0^s	+71° 01′ 45″	113 ± 0	16.5
Messier 82	I0	09^h 55^m 52^s	+69° 40′ 47″	203 ± 4	9.3
NGC 2366	IB(s)m	07^h 28^m 54.7^s	+69° 12′ 57″	80 ± 1	11.4
NGC 2403	SAB(s)cd	07^h 36^m 51.4^s	+65° 36′ 09″	131 ± 3	8.9
NGC 2976	SAc pec	09^h 47^m 15.5^s	+67° 54′ 59″	3 ± 5	10.8
NGC 3077	I0 pec	10^h 03^m 19.1^s	+68° 44′ 02″	14 ± 4	10.6
NGC 4236	SB(s)dm	12^h 16^m 42^s	+69° 27′ 45″	0 ± 4	10.1
PGC 28529	Im	09^h 53^m 48.5^s	+68° 58′ 08″	-40	17.1
PGC 28731	dE	09^h 57^m 03.1^s	+68° 35′ 31″	-135 ± 30	15.6
PGC 29231	dE	10^h 04^m 41.1^s	+68° 15′ 22″		16.7
PGC 31286	dSph	10^h 34^m 29.8^s	+66° 00′ 30″		16.7
PGC 32667	Im	10^h 52^m 57.1^s	+69° 32′ 58″	116 ± 1	14.9
UGC 4459	Im	08^h 34^m 07.2^s	+66° 10′ 54″	20 ± 0	14.5
UGC 4483		08^h 37^m 03.0^s	+69° 46′ 31″	156 ± 0	15.1
UGC 5428	Im	10^h 05^m 06.4^s	+66° 33′ 32″	-129 ± 0	18
UGC 5442	Im	10^h 07^m 01.9^s	+67° 49′ 39″	-18 ± 14	18
UGC 5692	13.5	10^h 30^m 35.0^s	+70° 37′ 07.2″	56 ± 3	13.5
UGC 6456	Pec	11^h 27^m 59.9^s	+78° 59′ 39″	-103 ± 0	14.5
UGC 7242	Scd	12^h 14^m 08.4^s	+66° 05′ 41″	68 ± 2	14.6
UGC 8201	Im	13^h 06^m 24.9^s	+67° 42′ 25″	31 ± 0	12.8
UGCA 133	Im	07^h 34^m 11.4^s	+66° 53′ 10″		15.6

Note that the object names used in the above table differ from the names used by Karachentsev. NGC, IC, UGC, and PGC numbers have been used in many cases to allow for easier referencing.

Interactions within the group

Messier 81, Messier 82, and NGC 3077 are all strongly interacting with each other.^[5] The gravitational interactions have stripped some hydrogen gas away from all three galaxies, leading to the formation of filamentary gas structures within the group.^[5] Moreover, the interactions have also caused some interstellar gas to fall into the centers of Messier 82 and NGC 3077, which has led to strong starburst activity (or the formation of many stars) within the centers of these two galaxies.^[5]

External links

References

↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 I. D. Karachentsev (2005). "The Local Group and Other Neighboring Galaxy Groups". Astronomical Journal 129 (1): 178–188. arXiv:astro-ph/0410065. Bibcode:2005AJ....129..178K. doi:10.1086/426368.
↑ Karachentsev, I. D.; Kashibadze, O. G. (2006). "Masses of the local group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field". Astrophysics 49 (1): 3–18. Bibcode:2006Ap.....49....3K. doi:10.1007/s10511-006-0002-6.
↑ R. B. Tully (1982). "The Local Supercluster". Astrophysical Journal 257: 389–422. Bibcode:1982ApJ...257..389T. doi:10.1086/159999.
↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for various galaxies. Retrieved 2007-02-09.
↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 M. S. Yun; P. T. P. Ho; K. Y. Lo (1994). "A high-resolution image of atomic hydrogen in the M81 group of galaxies". Nature 372 (6506): 530–532. Bibcode:1994Natur.372..530Y. doi:10.1038/372530a0. PMID 7990925.