M73 machine gun
| Machine Gun, 7.62 mm, M219 | |
|---|---|
|
M219 Machine Gun | |
| Type | Machine gun |
| Place of origin | United States |
| Service history | |
| In service |
• M73: 1959 • M73A1: 1970 • M219: 1977 |
| Used by | U.S./NATO-aligned countries |
| Wars | Vietnam War, Present day |
| Production history | |
| Designed | 1950s |
| Produced | 1950s-1970s |
| Variants | See Variants |
| Specifications | |
| Weight |
• M73: 31 lb (14.1 kg) • M73A1/M219: 29.8 lb (13.5 kg) |
| Length | • Overall: 48 in (1,219.2 mm) |
| Barrel length | 24 in (609.6 mm) |
|
| |
| Cartridge | 7.62×51mm NATO |
| Action | Recoil-operated/short-recoil operation with gas assist |
| Rate of fire | 500-625 round/min |
| Muzzle velocity | 2,800 ft/s (853.44 m/s) |
| Effective firing range | 984 yd (899.8 m) |
| Maximum firing range | 4,000 yd (3,657.6 m) |
| Feed system | Belt Feed, left or right hand |
The M73 and M219 were 7.62 mm NATO caliber machine guns designed for tank use. It was used on the M48 Patton and M60 Patton MBT series (including the M728 Combat Engineer Vehicle), and on the M551 Sheridan Armored Reconnaissance / Airborne Assault Vehicle (AR/AAV).
Design and development
Designed primarily as a coaxial machine gun by the Rock Island Arsenal and produced by General Electric, the M73 was developed as a replacement for the M1919A4E1, M1919A5, and M37 machine guns that continued to serve in the immediate post-World War II environment.
The Machine Gun, 7.62-MM, M73 was officially adopted in 1959. It is an air-cooled, recoil operated machine gun, but also using cartridge gasses to boost recoil. Though designed as a simplified alternative to the M1919 series, was of almost identical weight. The weapon was fitted with a quick-change barrel, pull-chain charging assembly, and could be made to feed from the left or the right hand side (though the left-hand feed was more common).[1]
An attempt to make the M73 useful as a flexible infantry gun saw the weapon fitted with sights and a pistol grip trigger as the Machine Gun, 7.62-MM, M73C. Equally unpopular, very few of these weapons were produced. Sources claim that it saw limited use in Vietnam.[2]
The M73 suffered from numerous malfunctions and was prone to jamming. An improved M73E1 was eventually developed in 1970 with a simplified ejection system, being type classified as the Machine Gun, 7.62-MM, M73A1. In 1972, it was decided that this weapon was sufficiently different from its predecessor and was redesignated Machine Gun, 7.62-MM, M219. These weapons were eventually replaced by the M60E2 and M240 machine gun, and vehicles still in service using the M73 series were refitted with these weapons.[1][2]
Variants
M73
- Adopted in 1959
M73C
- Flexible infantry variant with sights and pistol grip
- Used a special tripod, the XM132. It was a standard M2 mount for the .30 cal. Browning M1919A4 with an adapter to fit the M73C.[1]
M73A1/M219
- Developed in 1970 as an improved version with simplified ejection mechanism attempting to reduce chronic jamming
- Redesignated in 1972 as the M219
References
- Citations
- Bibliography
- Ezell, Ed. Small Arms Today, 2nd Edition. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1988. ISBN 0-8117-2280-5.
- Gervasi, Tom. Arsenal of Democracy III: America's War Machine, the Pursuit of Global Dominance. New York, NY: Grove Press, Inc, 1984. ISBN 0-394-54102-2.