Mâcon

Mâcon

Coat of arms
Mâcon

Coordinates: 46°18′23″N 4°49′53″E / 46.30630°N 4.8313°ECoordinates: 46°18′23″N 4°49′53″E / 46.30630°N 4.8313°E
Country France
Region Burgundy
Department Saône-et-Loire
Arrondissement Mâcon
Canton Seat of 3 cantons (Mâcon-Centre, Mâcon-Nord and Mâcon-Sud)
Intercommunality Mâconnais–Val de Saône
Government
 • Mayor (2001–2014) Jean-Patrick Courtois
Area1 27.04 km2 (10.44 sq mi)
Population (2006)2 35,393
 • Density 1,300/km2 (3,400/sq mi)
INSEE/Postal code 71270 / 71000
Elevation 167–347 m (548–1,138 ft)
(avg. 175 m or 574 ft)
Website Official website

1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Mâcon (French pronunciation: ​[ma.kɔ̃]) is a small city in east-central France. It is the prefecture of the department of Saône-et-Loire, located in Burgundy. Mâcon is home to over 35,000 residents, who are referred to in French as Mâconnais.

Geography

The city lies on the western bank of the Saône river, between Bresse in the east and the Beaujolais hills in the south. Mâcon is the southernmost city in the region of Burgundy. It is located 65 kilometres (40 miles) north of Lyon and 400 kilometres (249 miles) from Paris.

The Saône river runs through the town. The climate is temperate with a slight continental tendency.

Climate

Mâcon features an oceanic climate (Koppen: Cfb), with hot and humid summers, slightly too cool to be called subtropical (Cfa). Winters are relatively cold to French standards, but milder and more rainy than north of Mâcon. Most precipitation is in spring and autumn.

Climate data for Agen, France (altitude 59m, 1981–2010) (Source: Météo-France, Infoclimat.fr)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 17.3
(63.1)		 21.1
(70)		 24.5
(76.1)		 29.8
(85.6)		 31.3
(88.3)		 37.2
(99)		 39.2
(102.6)		 39.8
(103.6)		 35.2
(95.4)		 28.4
(83.1)		 23.1
(73.6)		 19.3
(66.7)		 39.8
(103.6)
Average high °C (°F) 5.5
(41.9)		 7.6
(45.7)		 12.3
(54.1)		 15.7
(60.3)		 20.1
(68.2)		 23.9
(75)		 26.6
(79.9)		 26.2
(79.2)		 21.9
(71.4)		 16.5
(61.7)		 9.9
(49.8)		 6.1
(43)		 16.1
(61)
Average low °C (°F) 0.0
(32)		 0.6
(33.1)		 3.4
(38.1)		 5.9
(42.6)		 10.1
(50.2)		 13.4
(56.1)		 15.5
(59.9)		 14.9
(58.8)		 11.5
(52.7)		 8.3
(46.9)		 3.6
(38.5)		 1.0
(33.8)		 7.4
(45.3)
Record low °C (°F) −21.2
(−6.2)		 −21.4
(−6.5)		 −10.2
(13.6)		 −4.1
(24.6)		 −1.8
(28.8)		 3.7
(38.7)		 5.9
(42.6)		 5.8
(42.4)		 1.0
(33.8)		 −4.8
(23.4)		 −8.7
(16.3)		 −16.2
(2.8)		 −21.4
(−6.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 59.0
(2.323)		 52.5
(2.067)		 48.7
(1.917)		 74.6
(2.937)		 88.1
(3.469)		 75.5
(2.972)		 70.9
(2.791)		 71.7
(2.823)		 79.5
(3.13)		 85.5
(3.366)		 83.8
(3.299)		 69.5
(2.736)		 859.3
(33.831)
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 10 9 9 10 11 9 8 8 8 10 11 11 114
Mean monthly sunshine hours 62 92 155 182 213 245 268 242 186 117 70 51 1,882
Source #1: climat.meteofrance.com[1]
Source #2: Linternaute.com[2]

History

Ancient and Medieval eras

The agglomeration of Mâcon originates from the establishment of an oppidum and of a river port by the Celts from the Aedui, probably at the beginning of the first century BC. Known then under the name of Matisco, the town developed significantly during the age of the Roman Empire. This is demonstrated by the large Roman hoard, the Mâcon Treasure, that was discovered in the town in 1764, the remains of which is in the British Museum.[3]

During the 4th century, the town was fortified.

During the Middle Ages, Mâcon was the administrative center of a county belonging to the Duchy of Burgundy, situated at the extremity of the bridge over the Saône leading to the Bresse territory belonging to the Duchy of Savoy. The town was controlling access to present-day Lamartinien Valley (Val Lamartinien), where the southern end of the Côte de Bourgogne joins the first foothills of the Beaujolais hills, opening the way to the rich plains of the Loire.

On 3 June 1564, Charles IX from Chalon, stopped in the town during his Royal Tour of France (1564–1566), accompanied by the Court and the nobles of his kingdom, including his brother the Duke of Anjou, Henry of Navarre, the cardinals of Bourbon and Lorraine.[4] The town is strategically built: it was a possible entrance into the kingdom for the Swiss or German mercenaries during the French Wars of Religion. He was welcomed by the Queen Jeanne III of Navarre, nicknamed the “Queen of Protestants”, and 1,500 Huguenots.

Revolutionary and Imperial eras

On 21 October 1790, the matriarch of a prominent local family gave birth to a son who remains highly visible in his hometown, the Romantic poet and historian Alphonse de Lamartine.[5]

In 1790, the Revolutionary government designated Mâcon as the capital (chef-lieu) of Saône-et-Loire, a newly created département within the radical restructuring of national administration.

In 1814, the town was invaded by Austrian troops and then liberated twice by French troops before being permanently occupied until the fall of the Empire. After Napoléon’s return and the subsequent Hundred Days, Mâcon and the Mâconnais were again captured by the Austrians.

Second World War

During World War II, Mâcon was the first town in the unoccupied zone libre between Paris and Lyon. The town was liberated on 4 September by the troops who had landed in Provence.[6]

Photograph of the city of Mâcon taken from Saint-Laurent-sur-Saône (Ain), on the other side of the Saône river

Main sights

The bridge over the Saône: Tour de France peloton entering Mâcon July 2006.

Parks and gardens

In 2007, the city was awarded the Grand Prix prize and “4 flowers” in the Entente Florale competition.[7]

Transportation

Mâcon is connected to neighbouring major cities through various routes:

Public transport

Mâcon uses the urban transport service Tréma, run by the organising transport authorities, the SITUM (Inter-communal City Transport Union of Mâconnais – Val de Saône). The SITUM currently consists of 3 members: CAMVAL (Agglomeration Community of Mâcon-Val de Saône) (26 communes) and the Chaintré and Crêches-sur-Saône communes. The Urban Transport Area of the SITUM extends over 28 communes in total.

On the evening of 30 June 2009, the Mâcon Bus services ceased operation. This was due to the public service delegation contract between the SITUM and the Mâcon Bus company (a subsidiary of Transdev), operating the network since 1987, not being renewed at the last call for bids. So since 1 July 2009, the company CarPostal Mâcon (CarPostal France's subsidiary) has been providing city transport services on the network renamed Tréma.

The network Tréma, restructured on 31 August 2009, made the following bid:

Mâcon is run by the network Buscephale of Saône-et-Loire’s local council.

Administration

In 2010, the Mâcon commune was awarded the plaque "Ville Internet @@".[8]

Mâcon is a member of CAMVAL (agglomeration community of the Mâconnais – Val de Saône districts). It is also where the CAMVAL headquarters is located.

List of successive mayors
Period Identity Party Position
March 1953 – March 1977 Louis Escande DVD .
March 1977– March 2001 Michel Antoine Rognard PS
March 2001– Jean-Patrick Courtois UMP Senator

Education

Mâcon has five collèges and four lycées. These establishments are located in the same area in the west of the city, with the exception of the collèges Schuman (north) and Saint-Exupery (south).

Demography

Mâcon is one of the department’s major employment areas which is by far the most dynamic (13.5% increase between 1999 and 2006) compared to cities such as Chalon-sur-Saône or Montceau-les-Mines which are losing jobs. This dynamism is particularly helped by the many transportation links available and its proximity to Lyon.

Associated districts and communes

Town centre

Mâcon Cathedral (Cathédrale le Vieux Saint-Vincent)
Saint Pierre Church (1859–1865)
The Hôtel-Dieu built in the 18th century by Melchior Munet, a student of Soufflot.

Mâcon’s town center of extends from Place Gardon, in the north, to the Roundabout of Europe in the south, from Place de la Barre, in the west, to the banks along the Saône in the east of the city. The center is the town’s shopping area. Most shops are located near the Town Hall (rue Carnot, rue Dufour, rue Sigorgne, rue Philibert-Laguiche, rue Dombert, rue Franche, the quay Lamartine, the esplanade Lamartine and rue de la Barre). It is also the historical center of the town. Most monuments are located in that area (Cathedral of Saint-Vincent, Church Saint Pierre...), as are the town’s two museums. The town centre consists of several districts which are all rather different from each other. With its Place aux Herbes, the Saint-Antoine district is the historic heart of Mâcon, despite its relative distance from the Town Hall. This district covers the northern part of the town centre; it is crossed by the rue de Strasbourg and consists of narrow lanes. There is the prefecture of Saône-et-Loire and the old Saint-Vincent Cathedral commonly called the Old Saint-Vincent. Further west lies the Square de la Paix, bordered by the Hôtel-Dieu, the Palais de Justice, Saint-Vincent Cathedral, plus the Vallon des Rigollettes and the Héritan district.

From the late 1990s to the early 2000s, the esplanade Lamartine underwent extensive redevelopment and upgrades. The winding car park and damaged cobblestones were replaced by an underground car park on three levels, a larger and brighter esplanade, bars, and a stage on the water (of the Saône river) which now accommodates all kinds of events, concerts and shows. The Statue Lamartine, which sits proudly on the esplanade, was completely renovated. Small gardens now brighten up the immense space that Mâcon’s Esplanade Lamartine occupies. All along, one can find an extract from the famous poem by Lamartine, “Le Lac”: "Time, halt in your flight... " engraved in the ground in silver letters.

North of Mâcon

The north of Mâcon is split, with the Neusdadt roundabout marking the boundary between the two sections. Flacé-lès-Mâcon, a village built in the city, constitutes the north-west of Mâcon. . In addition to the adjoining Town Hall, church and small downtown area, Flacé consists entirely of residential areas.
The north-east of Mâcon is composed of various residential areas and the town’s sport centres (Physical Activity Training Course (P.A.P.A), public swimming pool, Centre for Sports Education, rowing, sailing and water skiing clubs, several football fields and clubs, and the Sports Palace). ). The residential areas consist mainly of low-rent council estates (HLM) with districts such as the priority development areas (ZUP) of Mâcon or the boulevard des États-Unis (road belonging administratively to the Saugeraies district).

South of Mâcon

The south of Mâcon is composed of three major areas.

  1. The first area is the Saint-Clément/Les Blanchettes block, also called Percée Sud. Saint-Clément only accounts for a small area but it is southern Mâcon’s main business area with the Europe roundabout. Les Blanchettes is a district of low-rent council estates (HLM) passing through Édouard-Herriot Avenue. It is a very woody area, which includes most notably the Parc des Allumettes and its numerous games for children. The Romanesque church is situated in Saint-Clément, bearing the name of this town.
  2. The second area is the largest in this part of the town; it is the industrial area south of Mâcon (the largest metropolitan area) which is composed of the Port River at Mâcon (6 in France).
  3. The third and final area in the south of Mâcon is the Chanaye / Fontenailles and is located southwest of the town. Fontenailles is a residential area consisting of detached houses. La Chanaye (pronounced "Chanai") is an area of low-rent council estates (HLM) bordered by the greenhouses of Mâcon. This district, along with the Boulevard des États-Unis, Saint-Clément/les Blanchettes and priority development areas (ZUP) of Mâcon, belongs to the sensitive urban zones (French ZUS).

West of Mâcon

The west of Mâcon is the least populated part of the town. This is where Mâcon’s lycées (René Cassin, Lamartine, Alexandre Dumaine and Ozanam) and most of the colleges are located, along with some residential areas merged with those of Charnay-lès-Mâcon, the Hospital of Mâcon and the historic working class area of Mâcon,Bioux.

Flacé

Formerly an independent commune, Flacé-lès-Mâcon was re-attached to Mâcon in 1965. It is now a residential area with a very prominent village atmosphere.

Associated communes

Loché

Loché is an associated commune of Mâcon. The fusion-association dates from 1972. Mâcon-Loché-TGV station is located in this wine- producing village.

Saint-Jean-le-Priche

Saint-Jean-le-Priche is an associated commune of Mâcon. The merging association dates from 1972.

Sennecé-lès-Mâcon

Sennecé-lès-Mâcon is an associated commune of Mâcon. The merging association dates from 1972.

Urbanism

On Sunday 28 June 2009, three buildings in the Marbé district were destroyed by implosion.[9]

Wine

Main article: Mâconnais

The area west and north of Mâcon produces well-known wines from the Chardonnay grape. The best known appellation of the Mâconnais is Pouilly-Fuissé.

Economy

Mâcon holds the headquarters of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Saône-et-Loire, which manages the river port of Mâcon through Aproport, the Automotive Training Center (CFA Automobile) and the Mâcon-Charnay airport. The headquarters for the Chamber of Agriculture of Saône-et-Loire is also based in Mâcon.

Culture

The "Eté frappé" Festival, a free art and music festival, takes place every summer from June to August all over the town (notably on the Lamartine esplanade alongside the river Saône) featuring many concerts of a wide range of musical styles (classical, French song, jazz, rock, folk, hip-hop, rap), many shows (dance, comedy), open air film shows, open air plays, sporting events. In 2011, 48.000 people attended the festival.[10]

Every year in July, the Crescent Jazz Club holds a jazz festival during three days (as part of the "Eté frappé" Festival) featuring international jazz musicians.

Sports and leisure

Mâcon has 73 clubs with 55 organisations, 40 different sports to play, and 14,506 members of a sports association (42% of the population). It was elected the most sportive town in France in 2001.

Notable people

Religions

In popular culture

International relations

Twin towns – Sister cities

Mâcon is twinned with:

Culinary specialties

Notes and references

  1. ↑ "Climat en France - normales - Météo France - Macon".
  2. ↑ "Macon - Saône-et-Loire (71000) - Linternaute.com".
  3. ↑ British Museum Collection
  4. ↑ Guerres de religion-Miquel, p 253
  5. ↑ Whitehouse, p.13.
  6. ↑ Simonnet, Stéphane (2004) [1994]. Atlas de la Libération de la France (in French). Paris: Autrement. ISBN 2-7467-0495-1., p. 35
  7. ↑ Source : Villes et Villages Fleuris
  8. ↑ Palmarès 2010 des Villes Internet sur le site officiel de l'association. Consulté le 19 December 2009.
  9. ↑ "Marbé: les travaux avancent, la concertation continue". Macon.fr. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
  10. ↑ "Video excerpts from the 2011 "Eté frappé" Festival 4.33". Macon.fr. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
  11. ↑ "British towns twinned with French towns". Archant Community Media Ltd. Retrieved 2013-07-11.

Bibliography

See also

References

Notes

    External links

    Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mâcon.