Luke & Co

Builders plate 1906
Luke's moorings

Luke & Co was a boatbuilding firm, established in 1829 in Limehouse near London. They moved to Oakbank at Itchen Ferry in 1868 and in 1895 settled at Hamble. At Hamble they became successful in designing and building many yachts of all sizes, as well as offering all kinds of services to the then fast increasing number of yachts either visiting or having their berth at the river. The river Hamble was a popular place to "lay up" yachts for the winter.

Early days

There are at least three members of the Luke family known as boatbuilders: W. S. (Walter Smith) Luke (1844–1904), and his sons Walter G. Luke (born 1868) and Albert R. Luke (born 1875). The name of the yard changed over the years from "W. S. Luke" to "W. G. Luke & co" (1895), later to become "Hamble River Luke & Co. Ltd.", and finally "Luke Bros".

When W. S. Luke died in March 1904,[1] his sons took over the yard: Albert ("Bert") as designer, and Walter managing the boatyard.

In their early days they built Itchen Ferrys, Fishing Smacks, Pilot boats and other sorts of working boats, like a 75-foot Lifeship to a design by Capt. Hans Busk in 1873. But there were also yachts built, at least as early as the 1870s.[2] In 1895 the yard moved from the river Itchen to the village of Hamble at the river of the same name, near Southampton. The former Itchen Yard then became known as Fields Yard. According to an advertisement in an 1891 edition of The Yachtsman they had "Yachts for sale or hire, Spars, blocks, Anchors, and Galvanised Ironwork either kept in stock or made on the premises, all sorts of chandlery, mudberths", etc. At first at Hamble point but soon after they were based at Back Street (now Rope Walk) with building sheds, slipways and yacht stores. Hamble Point became their winter slips.

Hamble waterfront
Luke & Co advertisement 1891

Luke mainly built boats to their own design, but they also built boats to the designs of Arthur Payne,[3] F. R. S. Bircham, L. G. Moore, F. Shepherd, Albert Strange,[4] St. C. Byrne, J. I. Thornycroft, H. Emmons, H. W. Ridsdale and John G. Alden. They also designed ships that were built by others such as William Fife, A. Westmacott, Camper & Nicholson, A. Apps, Randal Vogan, Everett and Lt.Col. G. P. Stewart.

French impressionist painter and amateur yacht designer Gustave Caillebotte writes in November 1882 and May 1883 in the French magazine Le Yacht[5] about his disappointment in the yacht Diver, which he imported from England. She was a Luke-built yacht of extreme "plank on edge" design. Diver was two tons Thames Measurement, 6.71 metres waterline length and 1.42 metres wide. Plank on edge designs were fashionable at that time in England under the then-current Rating Rules but were generally considered "crank" soon after.

Quaker Girl, an early International Rule 7 meter yacht from 1911, became a successful racing yacht and won A. R. Luke a design award.

In 1913 they built the "Hamble One Design" to their own design for local racing.

Aviation

the Hamble seaplane
Luke advertisement

Hamble became an aviation centre at around 1910 and Luke also built a prototype Seaplane to the design of F. Murphy, the HL1, as "Hamble River, Luke & Co." It was exhibited at Olympia’s in March 1914 but was not a success. At the start of WWI they started building aircraft components.

They built at least one machine for Sopwith in 1913. It was the Sopwith Bat Boat (Type 1) No.BB2. This machine was assembled at the Salterns Yard of Hamble River, Luke & Co. and was delivered to the Navy at Calshot on 8 June 1913 to meet Contract CP32098/13, placed as a consequence of the 1913 Olympia Show. The aircraft was given Serial No.38 and served until September 1914.

The hydrobiplane (HL1) is described by several authors:

HAMBLE hydrobiplane HL.l (Hamble River, Luke & Co., Hamble, Hampshire)

Constructed by an established boat building company, to the design of Frank Murphy, late of Bristol, the machine was shown incomplete at Olympia in March 1914. Changes were made later and the machine was tested by Gordon England, but costs were excessive, and the machine and the premises were put up for sale by July 1914. The aircraft was a large two-seater pusher seaplane with twin wooden main floats and twin metal tail floats, moving with the rudders. There were four pairs of interplane struts each side, with radiators mounted on the innermost pairs. Ailerons were fitted to both top and bottom wings, the latter having pronounced dihedral. The spruce tail booms, to be replaced by steel tubes later, extended aft from the second interplane struts. The tailplane and elevator were carried on the top booms, the pair of rudders pivoting on posts below. The pointed nose nacelle, was covered with two layers of cedar, laid up diagonally over the structure, and was mounted on short struts between the wings. The main floats were of similar construction, but rendered watertight, and were mounted on a steel tube chassis, intended to be sprung later.

Power: 150hp NAG (British-made) six-cylinder inline, water-cooled driving a Normale pusher propeller direct. Data: Span top 60ft Span bottom 53ft Chord 6ft Gap 6ft Length 30ft Area 678 sq ft Area tailplane 39 sq ft Area elevator 33 sq ft Area rudders 32 sq ft Weight 1,3001b Weight allup 2,550 lb Speed range 32-65mph

Endurance 5hr[6]
Hamble River, Luke H.L.1 The H.L.1 was built by Hamble River, Luke and Co., of Hamble, Hants., and was shown in an unfinished state at the 1914 Olympia Aero Show. It was a two-seat pusher seaplane designed by F. Murphy, who had worked previously as a designer with the British and Colonial Aeroplane Co., at Bristol. The machine featured a finely-finished cigar-shaped nacelle, at the rear of which was mounted a 150 h.p. N.A.G. six-cylinder German-designed and British-built engine, the radiators being fitted to the inter-plane struts on each side of the nacelle. The construction was of wood and fabric, and the wings were equipped with ailerons. The float structure was redesigned while the H.L.1 was being completed, and the machine was test-flown by E. C. Gordon England. Span. 60 ft. Wing area, 678 sq. ft. Weight empty, 1,600 lb. Weight loaded, 2.550 lb. Maximum speed. 65 m.p.h. Landing speed, 32 mph.[7]

Flight, March 14, 1914.

WHAT THERE WILL BE TO SEE AT OLYMPIA.

THE EXHIBITS.

Hamble River (Hamble River, Luke and Co.). (68.)

ON the stand of the Hamble River, Luke and Co. will be shown a seaplane which, whilst following standard lines as regards its general arrangement, is interesting from the point of view of construction. The nacelle, as will be seen from the accompanying sketch, is of cigar shape, and carries at its rear end a 150 h.p. N.A.G. engine. The main floats, of which there are two, are of rather novel design, and incorporate in their construction several new and interesting features. For the design of this machine, we understand Mr. F. Murphy, formerly connected with the British and Colonial Aeroplane Co., is responsible, and, although this machine has not as yet been tried, there is little doubt but that it will give a good account of itself in the future, and thus become a valuable addition to the list of British seaplanes.[8]

Flight, March 28, 1914.

THE OLYMPIA EXHIBITION.

THE EXHIBITS.

HAMBLE RIVER (HAMBLE RIVER, LUKE AND CO.).

UNFORTUNATELY the seaplane exhibited on this stand was not completely finished at the opening of the Show, and the temporary wiring up of the machine was hurriedly done, so that it is to be feared that a great number of the visitors received an unfavourable impression of the quality of workmanship in it. This is much to be regretted since it is the first time the machine has been shown in public and the workmanship is really very good. When one or two minor alterations have been effected and the machine has been properly tuned up, there is little doubt but that it will give a good account of itself.

In its general arrangement, the seaplane follows standard practice, being a biplane of the "pusher" type and having two main floats and two tail floats. The upper main plane is straight whilst the lower plane is set at a very pronounced dihedral angle in order to provide ample clearance when the machine is rolling. The two main floats are built up of two skins of cedar, the inner one of which is laid on diagonally over a framework of spruce and rock elm. The floats are divided into watertight compartments by double bulkheads, and a layer of canvas, soaked in varnish, is placed between the two skins. All the chassis struts carrying the floats are steel tubes, and it is intended, we understand, to provide springing of the floats by means of telescopic tubes and coil springs.

The cigar-shaped nacelle is of similar construction to that of the floats, and provides accommodation for the pilot and passengers. The seats are arranged tandem fashion, and the pilot controls the machine by means of a single vertical lever and a pivoted foot-bar. In the rear of the nacelle is mounted the engine, a 150 h.p. British N.A.G., which drives directly a Normale propeller.

The tail unit is carried on an outrigger consisting of four tail booms of spruce connected by struts of the same

material. These booms, one gathers, will later be replaced by steel tubes in order to provide a more rigid structure. The undivided elevator is hinged to the trailing edge of a fixed, non-lifting, stabilising plane, under the ends of which are mounted the twin rudders. Two small metal floats support the tail planes when the machine is at rest.[9]

Aircraft

After WWI

Right after the war they concentrated on yacht building again. They had moved a bit up river, just north of where the present Royal Southern Yacht Club opened their premises in 1937. It expanded to Satchell Lane and was known as "Top Yard" or "North Yard", which is now Hamble Yacht Services.

In 1925 Luke & Co. designed and built the "Hamble Star one design" sailing dinghy which became a popular racing dinghy with the local Hamble River Sailing Club.[10] Albert Luke became the first Honorary Secretary of this club, established right after the war. Walter later became the Honorary Treasurer and Flag Officer.

In 1923 French war hero and Tennis Champion Alain Gerbault wanted to buy the Luke-built Lady Maud (1907) from her then owner "Captain Dixon", but the owner would not sell. Gerbault thereupon arranged to buy the Dixon Kemp designed Firecrest (1892) and started his famous voyage sailing solo around the globe.

In 1935 Luke designed and built the "Teal One Design", a five tonner of which several other boats were built by several yards. Teal won the Round the Isle (Cowes) race in 1935 and 1936 and was featured in Uffa Fox's book Racing, Cruising and Design (another Teal class yacht, Content, would also win the first post war Round the Isle Race in 1945). Uffa said of the Teal design: "Teal was a delight to the eye, as one would expect, for she was designed by Luke, of Hamble. She proved herself to be such an able boat, both as a racer and as a day cruiser that more were built the following year."[11]

WWII

During WWII, Luke & Co., then already known as Luke Bros., built L.C.A.s (Landing Craft Assault) and the smaller L.C.P.s (Landing Craft Personnel) to the design of John Thornycroft & Co. Ltd. They were designed to carry troops only, and were used, among others, at D-Day.

Lukes were taken over by Port Hamble Ltd. at the end of WWII. Bill Hobbs, who came to the yard as an apprentice in 1923 and who had been working there as draftsman and designer since the late twenties then designed the "Luke 5 tonners" for Port Hamble Ltd.

Literature

Selection of boats

Boats designed and/or built before 1940, showing tonnage (Thames measurement), year built, and designer (when known). Boats known to still exist as of 2011 are marked with a '*'.[12][13]

Name Tons Year Built Designer Notes
Active 36 1883 W. G. Luke [14] Owner: Robert Seward Pearce, Terminus Terrace, Southampton, 1883-1906 employed in the pilot service of the Southampton District
Advent 52 1877 W. S. Luke sold foreign 1878; reregistered 1892, Owner: 1893 Walter Beavis, 83 High Street, Southampton; 1894-1904 H.G.W. Beavis or Haddon and Beavis, 83 High Street, Southampton

Master: 1893 George Duval, Anderson Road, Southampton and Robert Kimber, Freemantle, Millbrook; 1894-1901 Robert Kimber, Millbrook (1897 of Eling); 1902 J. Rainsley, Threefield Lane, Southampton; 1903 George Yeates, Charlotte Street, Southampton; 1903-4 Henry Yeates, Charlotte Street Voyages: 1893-1901 trading inside Isle of Wight; 1902-4 Lightering inside Isle of Wight Converted to lighter 1902

Alethea II 8 1910 A. R. Luke built for J. G. H. Cockburn (see also 'Hope'), lines in Yachting Monthly January 1912
Alethea III 9 1935 A. R. Luke information in The Yachtsman March 1935 and Yachting World April 1935
Alice 2 A. R. Luke
Allure * 24 1938 A. R. Luke Since 1985 Allure is sailing under German flag, currently (2012) in the Eastern Mediterranean. She has received a major refit in 2004 / 2005.[15] Lines are in The Yachtsman's Annual and who's who 1938-9 of 1938 page 119, including a description. She was the last one built of three sister ships. The others were Themis, yawl, built in 1930 and Shiris, yawl, 1937 with shallower draft to navigate the French canals. Information Yachting World July 1938 and Yachting Monthly August 1942.
Ann 2 1913 A. R. Luke
Annacis 2 1913 A. R. Luke
Apteryx * 17 1894 W. S. Luke A Gaff Yawl, renamed "Glance" in 1927, re-rigged as a Bermudan cutter in 1947, website with History, photos, etc. to present day at www.yachtglance.com Currently based Northern Ireland
Badger 2 1909 A.R. Luke later Kelpie
Banshee 17 W. S. Luke later Lloyds registers lists her as 14 tons, claims both Bansee's were designed by A. R. Luke
Banshee 11 1900 W. G. Luke
Bessie 77 1874 W. S. Luke [16] Built at Itchen Ferry by W.S. Luke, engines by Guy and Adams, West Cowes

Steam, screw Reg. tons 52 net, 77 gross Crew lists: 1874-1, 1876-1, 1877-4, 1878-1, 1879-NA, 1880-1, 1881-2, 1882-2, 1883-3, 1884-2, 1886-0, 1887-1 Owner: 1874 Earl of Harrington, Derby; 1878 Lt. Col. A.J.L. Freemantle, 5 Tilney Street, Park Lane, London; 1880 ditto; 1887 H.G. Walkins Inn Esq., Hants. Master: 1874 Thomas Lashmar; 1876–81 Henry Wadley, 3 Clifton Terrace; 1882-3 Alfred Bailey; 1884-7 A.P.J. Freemantle Voyages: 1874 yachting off coast; 1876 Cowes — Norway; 1877 Colchester via Lisbon to Mediterranean, laid up at Cowes; 1878, 1880 laid up at Cowes; 1881 ditto and pleasure cruising to Mediterranean and Black Seas; 1882 laid up, then yachting around Europe and Mediterranean; 1883-4 laid up in Southampton water; 1887 Trading inside I.W. Sold to foreigners 1887

Biddy 2 1913 A. R. Luke later Jesse Hamble One Design, lines and construction drawings including description in Yachting Monthly, June 1913 page 165
Blue Bell 7
Brenda 2
Cabri 35
Cacouna 50 1923 John G. Alden
Chipmunk 6 1880 W. S. Luke built for Sidney Clemens Watson
Chita 22
Chough * 2 1927 A. R. Lukesloop, built by Brooke & Halls for H. S. Halgar
Christine 7
Ciris * 9 1906 A. R. Luke yawl, built for W.S. Winans
Clover 42 1938 A. R. Luke information Motorboat & Yachting and Yachting World both in November 1938, Yachting Monthly December 1938 page 162.
Content 5 A. R. Luke Teal one design[17]
Cormorant 3 1899 A. R. Luke yawl
Cormorant * 5 1911 A. R. Luke later Sparrow, Sunbeam
Cynthia 4
Cypraea 2
Daisy 32 1887 W. S. Luke
Dancing Girl 2 1891 H. W. Ridsdale 0/5 rater[18]
Daphne 9 1882 W. S. Luke 25 ft. wl racer
Dimples 7 1903 A. R. Luke later Mooween (from 1904)
Din Niklé 2
Diver 2 Seine Racer
Dot 2 1913 A. R. Luke
Ecila 2 1913 A. R. Luke
Edna 2
Emu int. 5mR
Estelle * 10 1910 A. R. Luke cutter, information in the Yachting Monthly of June 1942
Eve 4 1903 W. G. Luke built by W. Fife
Fantasy 3 1893 R. Vogan 1 rater[19] built for Randall Vogan
Fearnought * 9 1897 W. G. Luke built by A. Westmacott, according Lloyds Yacht register. Yachting World of 1896 mention Arthur Payne her designer, built by Luke [20]
Figaro * 2 1913 A. R. Luke Hamble One Design. Repaired in 1980s
Flying Scud 2
Frolic 4
Galene * 5 1937 A. R. Luke Teal one design
Gay Maid
Gladys 10
Gladoris II * 49 1928 A. R. Luke [21] Information Yachting Monthly July 1928
Glance* 17 1894 A.R.Luke Launched as Apteryx (see above) Renamed in 1927. Now in Northern Ireland. Website www.yachtglance.cim
Gloaming 11 1906 A. R. Luke
Grant Duchess 63 1898 A. R. Luke & L. G. Moore later Rosalind (1912), Emy a large photo of her is published as the Yachtsmans supplement of May 1, 1902
Grouper 17 1903 A. R. Luke
Grouper II 9 1904 A. R. Luke
Helaflote 21 1913 A. R. Luke
Helaflote 2 1913 A. R. Luke both Helaflote's for same owner
Hope 9 1932 A. R. Luke built for J. G. H. Cockburn, lines in Yachting Monthly April 1932 page 426-427
Horla 47
Hurricane Wake 6 1939 F. Shepherd
Imogen II* 6 1911 Albert Strange
Isabel 2 A. R. Luke
Itchen Lass 1879 W. G. Luke 25 ft. wl racer, broken up 1893
Itchen Lass 7 1911 W. G. Luke
Iris 28 1879 W. S. Luke Pilot[22]
Iris 1892 W. S. Luke Racer for Seine, built for mr Tordo, Paris
Jeanette 7 1911 or 1907 A. R. Luke motor yacht, built by Everett
Jesse 1879 W. S. Luke
Ju-Ju * 2 1913 A. R. Luke later Doddy, Florence. Hamble One Design, lines and construction drawings including description in Yachting Monthly, June 1913 page 165
June 29 1912 A. R. Luke
Kaffir 9
Kali 2 1913 A. R. Luke built by A. Apps
Kea 4 1897 A. R. Luke
Kelpie 2 1914 A. R. Luke built by Lt.-Col. G. P. Stewart
Kitcat 2 1913 A. R. Luke
Lady Maud* 10 1907 A. R. Luke cutter, built for capt. H. M. Taylor, Plymouth
Lady Ruth 27 1893 W. S. Luke (later Othona) according to the Yachtsman of 1892/3 she was only 15 tons, built for H. L. Trollope.
Laverock 59 1875 W. S. Luke (former Nixie, VixenII) altered 1878[23]
Lila 8 A. R. Luke
Lily Maid* 25 1904 A. R. Luke
Lily Maid II* 14 1911 A. R. Luke
Lily Maid III 17 1925 A. R. Luke information Motorboat and Yachting October 1924 and September 1925
Lily Maid IV 39 1927 A. R. Luke & Paul Jouët built by Chant. Nav. de Sartrouville, France, for Capt. C. E. A. L. Rumbold
Loiterer 23 A. R. Luke later Hawk, built by A. Apps, Emsworth
Lorna Doone 3
Louise Henriëtte 3
Lucia 49 1928 John G. Alden
maid 14 1911 A R. Luke Ex Lilly maid ?
Manon 9 1902 A. R. Luke built for mr B. Degetan, Nieustedten, Altona, Germany
March Hare 3
Maresca 11 1906 A. R. Luke
Marguerite 47
Marigui 2 1913 Built by Luke, no design given in Lloyds. In 1926 owned by C. E. Nicholson, Gosport. Perhaps designed by Camper & Nicholson? Not registered in 1914 and 1921 Lloyds register
Marion 3
Maritana 25 1883 W. S. Luke
May 15 1875 W. S. Luke [24]
May 14 1894 W. S. Luke
Mayfair 57 1914 A. R. Luke
Meergreis 3
Merrie Duchess 35 1884 W. S. Luke
Midge 18 1884 W. S. Luke later Nathalie
Milly 31 1879 St. C. Byrne later Starlight
Minnie * 11 1893 W. S. Luke [25]
Minx 2 1913 A. R. Luke
Moonfleet 1928 Charles E. Nicholson
Moth 4 1906 A. R. Luke later Whimbrel, Pansy
Moth II 5 1912 Albert Strange lines, sailplan and extensive specifications are described in the Yachting Monthly of August 1923, p. 231-238, together with a voyage and including a picture of Moth II under sail
Mylio 7
Nan 2 1913A. R. Luke
Nat 7
Nathalie 18
Neaira Junior 2
Nephele 8 1908, 1912 A. R. Luke yawl, built for Richard Curling, Southampton. Photo with description in Le Yacht nr. 1665, 22 jan. 1910
Nigger 5 1885 W. S. Luke
Nona 3 1887 or 1897? W. G. Luke
Nyleptha 4 1904 A. R. Luke
Oda 3
œnanthe 29 1883
Ondina * 9 1906 A. R. Luke cutter, built for Gregory John Bond, Greatwood Estate, Penryn, Mylor
Outis * 6 1914 A. R. Luke later Shona
Paulina 9 1904 A. R. Luke
Pampa III * 50 1914 A. R. Luke later Doris, Grey Mist, Cupid, Glala. Lloyds 1914 states built 1914, later editions state 1915. Completed 1920
Pavonia 20 1902 A. R. Luke built to Lloyds specification
Penguin 21 1913 A. R. Luke
Phakoe * 5 1937 A. R. Luke Teal One Design
Pixie * 3 1890 W. G. Luke
Presiosa 10 before 1892 Seine racer, Paris
Pride of the Itchen 1870 W. S. Luke 13 feet fishingboat for capt. Diaper[26]
Puffin* 21 1913 A. R. Luke now named "sahara of ardgour" original steam engine replaced with a gardner 4lw.
Quaker Girl 9 1911 A. R. Luke int. 7M, a successful racing yacht which won A. R. Luke a design award
Quinque 11 1890 Col. Bucknill 5 rater[27]
Racoon 2
Ranee 5 1931 A. R. Luke
Raven 11 1881 W. S. Luke 30 ft. wl racer, according to the Yachtsman in 1893 possibly the best all round 30 footer ever.
Rita 3 1900 A. R. Luke Lug rigged built for H. Dupuy, Guernsey
Robert and Sarah 39 1876 W. S. Luke commercial vessel[28][29]
Rogue 4 1892 H. W. Ridsdale 1 rater built for Randall Vogan
Rondinella II 4 1897 H. Emmons Linear Rater
Rosette 12 1891 cutter built for captain Lysons R. E.
Rosie 2 1896 W. S. Luke Linear Rater
Rowena 4 1904 A. R. Luke
Runa 10 1913 A. R. Luke
St. Hilda 144 1875 W. S. Luke Schooner
San Toy 5 1901 A. R. Luke later Sparrow
Scylla 7
Sea Urchin 17 motor yacht
Shiris * 22 1937 A. R. Luke Wooden Boats 1985 July/August, No.65, p. 83 with photo of Shiris as participant of the Museum of Yachting's Classic Yacht Regatta 1985 in Newport, Rhode Island. See also under Allure
Silver heels 8 1912 J. I. Thornycroft later Takista
Siska 6 1929 A. R. Luke
Snowdrop 5
Spray 5 1877 design unknown
Sprite 4 A. R. Luke
Susanne 25 1876 W. S. Luke later La Belle Susanne,Vega, Yawl
Starlight 31
St Hilda 96 1875 W. S. Luke
Sweet Nell 20 A. R. Luke
Syringa 5 1906 A. R. Luke 24 ft. linear rater built for M. W. Greenhill, Southampton. Photo of Syringa in Le yacht of August 18, 1906 p. 528
tadpole 3 1896 W. S. Luke
Talofa 5 1906 A. R. Luke design nr. 130;[30][31]
Tasma* 8 1897 W. G. Luke information Yachting Monthly januari 1942
Teal 5 1935 A. R. Luke Teal One Design
Tee Jay 8 1933 A. R. Luke
Tiphaine 9 1939 A. R. Luke
Themis 22 1930 A. R. Luke see also under Allure. Information Yachting monthly March 1930 and Yachting world June 1930
Thora 5 1937 A. R. Luke later Galene
Tiger 5 1937 A. R. Luke later Lalaerne
Tiny 2 1891 H. W. Ridsdale (0/5 rater);[32] built for Randall Vogan
Triple Alliance 10 1935 A. R. Luke
Ulerin 10 1886 G. L. Watson built for E. H. Hamilton, Co. Down
Umjata 3 1911 A. R. Luke
Usna 6
Valentine 20 1902 A. R. Luke
Veronique * 33 1907 A. R. Luke Lines of Veronique are in the 1907 edition of Yachting Monthly, page 79-81, built to Lloyds specification
Vie 2
Vilar 6 1926 A. R. Luke built for Ramón Pérez, Santiago de Cuba
Waltham 98 1882
Wastrel 11 1891 W. S. Luke
Water Lily * 8 1904 A. R. Luke later Windhover
Wayward 15 1897 A. E. Payne
Weemelah 9 1937 A. R. Luke
Ytene 24 1910 A. R. Luke & F. R. S. Bircham later Curluw

References

  1. The Yachtsman: 131. 7 April 1904. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. Rance, Adrian B. (1981). Shipbuilding in Victorian Southampton. Southampton University Industrial Archeology Group. p. 57.
  3. "Alfred Payne 1823-1878". A Victorian yacht built to race in 1860. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
  4. "Celebrating the Yacht Designer, Artist, Sailor and Writer 1855-1917". The Albert Strange Association. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
  5. Le Yacht, 1882-11 and 1883-5
  6. Goodall, Michael H.; Albert Tagg (2000). British Aeroplanes Before the Great War. Schiffer Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 0764312073.
  7. Lewis, Peter M. H. (1962). British Aircraft, 1809-1914. Putnam & Company Ltd.
  8. Flight. 14 March 1914. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  9. Flight. 28 March 1914. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  10. "Hamble River Sailing Club". Hamble River Sailing Club. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
  11. Fox, Uffa (1928). Racing, Cruising & Design. p. 293.
  12. Lloyd's. Lloyds Register of Yachts. various yearly editions.
  13. Hunt's. Hunt's Universal Yacht List. 1914, p. 1.
  14. National Archives, Reg No 86329 DCrew/86329
  15. Yachting World's Annual and who's who 1938-39, p. 119
  16. National Archives, Reg No 68832 DCrew/68832
  17. Fox, Uffa. Racing, Cruising & Design. 1928, p. 293.
  18. The Badminton Library, various editors, 1894, p. 248
  19. The Badminton Library, various editors, 1894, page 271
  20. http://www.nationalhistoricships.org.uk/register/1473/fearnought
  21. http://www.classicyacht.info/modules/yachts/Conti+Bernardi-TName-yachts_detail-154.html
  22. National Archives, Reg No 76851 DCrew/76851
  23. National Archives, Reg No 72352 DCrew/72352
  24. National Archives, Reg No 86331 DCrew/86331
  25. http://www.nationalhistoricships.org.uk/register/1570/lukes-minnie
  26. http://www.diaperheritage.com
  27. The Badminton Library, various editors, 1894, page 242 and 255
  28. Rance, Adrian B. Shipbuilding in Victorian Southampton. Southampton University Industrial Archeology group, 1981, p. 57.
  29. National Archives, Reg No 76830 DCrew/76830
  30. Cooke, Francis B. Cruising Hints. third edition. 1907, p. 33.
  31. Lloyd's. Lloyd's Yacht register. 1913.
  32. The Badminton Library, various editors, 1894, page 248

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