Luise Ermisch

Luise Ermisch (born Luise Thürmer, 20 May 1916, Halle; died 17 January 2001, Mühlhausen (Thuringia) was a political activist and later a senior politician in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany),^[1] who balanced her political career with an ongoing involvement in the clothing industry.

She became known for the "Luise Ermisch Method" ("Luise-Ermisch-Methode"), an approach to industrial production involving detailed planning that subdivided the manufacturing process into individual work station segments and allowed for quantity and quality of output to be precisely measured, evaluated, bench-marked and attributed. The resulting statistical output could be used to feed a system of incentives and rewards. Because East Germany operated with a centrally directed economy, it was possible to disseminate the "Luise Ermisch Method" relatively easily.

Life

The daughter of a master butcher, Ermisch was apprenticed in the dress-making business between 1930 and 1933, after which a period of unemployment followed. Between 1937 and 1939 she was working as a seamstress. During the war she was conscripted to work as a welder until 1945.

The "Luise Ermisch Method" (apparently) in action:
"Supervisor, Liselotte Ertingshausen (left), checks a skirt made by her colleague, Jutta Wolfgang, to see that she has succeeded in doing all the stitching in the right places."
(" Die Meisterin Liselotte Ertingshausen (links) prüft eine Schürze, die Kollegin Jutta Wolfgang, sie beherrscht sämtliche Positionen, genäht hat")
* VEB Kleiderwerk, Mühlhausen 1954

After the war she worked as a seamstress in the VEB^[2] Halle Dress factory. She joined the Free German Trade Union Federation (FDGB /"Freier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund") in 1947. She then, in 1949, received further training at the FDGB's regional school and at the Technical High School in Neugersdorf. She became a member of the trades union leadership and was a co-founder of the first "Brigade of Outstanding Quality" ("Brigade der ausgezeichneten Qualität"). By now she was marked out as a political activist, and in 1950 she joined the country's ruling SED (Socialist Unity Party of Germany/Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands)

From 1954 Luise Ermisch started to roll out the "Luise Ermisch Method" to deconstruct industrial production process within the framework of socialist competition principles. Within a factory an operating plan was developed to breakdown and identify production quantities and quality for each individual worker and team. When quantities and quality had been identified and valued the results were used to identify recipients of awards.

Between 1951 and 1971 Ermisch was responsible for operations at the Halle Dress Factory, after which, until her retirement in 1976, she took over the VEB Mühlhausen Dress Factory. In 1966 she undertook a correspondence course that qualified her as a Clothing Industry Engineer. Between 1966 and 1970 she served as the Chairman of the Clothing Industry Business Council.

Ermisch's political appointments during the 1950s appeared to place her in positions of very considerable influence. Between 1954 and 1981 she was a member of the party's central committee. From 1958 till 1963 she was the Politburo candidate for the party's central committee. Between 1950 and 1981 she sat as a deputy in the People's Chamber ("Volkskammer"/ national legislature). Her good standing with the political establishment was confirmed in 1960 when she was sent for advanced training to the Communist Party High School ("Высшая партийная школа") in Moscow. From 1960 till 1963 she was a member of the State Council.

Luise Ermisch: a contemporary assessment

Carola Stern was a serious and prolific political journalist whose previous career in espionage had left her with closer insights and stronger opinions than most people regarding the workings of the East German state. She was not a fan. East Germany boasted a prodigious number of important sounding state institutions, but in a wide ranging article published in November 1961, and seeking to pin down where real power in the country lay, Stern placed stress on the large number of high-status political positions that in reality conferred very little influence on their holders.^[3] Walter Ulbricht, the country's leader, was not keen to share his power which in any case he exercised only on terms acceptable to Moscow.^[3]

Stern nevertheless listed three East German political institutions that were most influential, these being, firstly, the Politburo of The Party, secondly the secretariat of The Party's Central Committee and, thirdly, the State Council.^[3] The handful of men who were simultaneously members of two or even three of these pillars of the East German state, even if little known outside the country, could nevertheless count themselves as members of The Leader's inner circle.^[3] In 1961 Luise Ermisch was exceptional in being a member of all three of the influential institutions identified.^[3] However, Stern opined that she was there not so much in her own right, but as a representative of the working people of the country, and as such she was about as influential as the East German population: Ermisch had no influence.^[3] Later in the article Stern returns to the subject of Luise Ermisch, attributing her failure to be reselected for Politburo membership to her incompetence and stupidity ("Unfähigkeit und Dummheit").^[3]

Recognition

Ermisch won a number of high level awards:

• Hero of Labour (GDR) (1950)
• Banner of Labor (1955)
• Patriotic Order of Merit (Bronze) (1966)
• Order of Karl Marx (1976)

Further reading

• Gabriele Baumgartner, Dieter Hebig (Hrsg.): Biographisches Handbuch der SBZ/DDR. 1945–1990. Band 1. K. G. Saur, München 1996, ISBN 3-598-11176-2, S. 165.

References