Luandi

The Luandi (simplified Chinese: 挛鞮; traditional Chinese: 攣鞮; pinyin: Luándī; Wade–Giles: Luant'i; alternatively written as Xuliandi simplified Chinese: 虚连题; traditional Chinese: 虛連題; pinyin: Xūliándí) was a clan and the ruling dynasty of the ancient Xiongnu that flourished between 3rd century BCE to 4th century CE. The form Luandi (挛鞮) comes from Hanshu,[1] while the form Xuliandi (虚连题, pronounced Suiluandi) comes from Hou Hanshu.[2] There were four other noble tribes: Huyan (呼衍、呼延), Suibu (須卜 Xubu), Qiulin (丘林) and Lan (蘭 Lan Hsti-pu). The Huyan belonged to the dominating left wing, and the Lan and the Suibu belonged to the right wing.[3]

The Luandi was a clan that held some of the highest positions in the Xiongnu society, including the title of chanyu within the Xiongnu confederacy. In the confederation, Luandi was a paternal dynastic tribe, Huyan was an initially maternal dynastic tribe, and Suibu (Sui tribe, "bu" is "tribe" in Chinese) was a subsequently maternal dynastic tribe. They were the three most prominent tribes ("Houses" in N.Bichurin)[4] in the Xiongnu.

The earliest prominent figure from the clan itself was perhaps their leader Touman (頭曼). Later on, a branch of the Luandi changed their family name to Liu (劉).

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Hanshu, chapter 94a, l. 7a
  2. ↑ Hou Hanshu, chapter 89, l. 7b
  3. ↑ Taskin B.S., "Materials on Sünnu history", Science, Moscow, 1968, p. 130 (In Russian)
  4. ↑ Bichurin N.Ya., "Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times", vol. 1, Sankt Petersburg, 1851, p. 15 ( note 1: Huyan and Suibu always were in marital relationship with Shanuy. Suibu had a post of the State Judge. The custom of taking for the Khan maidens only from the same houses also survived in the Chingis-khan's house.)

References

  • Wang, Zhonghan (2004). "Outlines of Ethnic Groups in China". Taiyuan: Shanxi Education Press. ISBN 7-5440-2660-4. p. 134.
  • Lin, Gan (1986). "A Comprehensive History of Xiongnu". Beijing: People's Press. CN / K289. p. 11-12.
  • Book of Han, vol. 94a.
  • Book of Later Han, vol. 89.
  • Bichurin N.Ya., "Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times", vol. 1, Sankt Petersburg, 1851