Love in the Afternoon (1957 film)

Love in the Afternoon

American release poster by Saul Bass
Directed by Billy Wilder
Produced by Billy Wilder
Screenplay by
  • Billy Wilder
  • I.A.L. Diamond
Based on Ariane, jeune fille russe 
by Claude Anet
Starring
Music by Franz Waxman
Cinematography William Mellor
Edited by Leonide Azar
Production
company
Allied Artists Pictures Corporation
Distributed by Allied Artists (USA)
Associated British (UK)[1]
United Artists (international)[1]
Release dates
  • June 30, 1957
Running time
 130 minutes
Country United States
Language English
Budget $2.1 million[2]
Box office $2 million (US)[3]

Love in the Afternoon is a 1957 American romantic comedy film produced and directed by Billy Wilder which stars Audrey Hepburn and Gary Cooper. The screenplay by Wilder and I.A.L. Diamond is based on the Claude Anet novel Ariane, jeune fille russe (trans., Ariane, Young Russian Girl), which previously was filmed as Scampolo in 1928 and Scampolo, ein Kind der Strasse (trans., Scampolo, a Child of the Street) in 1932, the latter with a script co-written by Wilder. Wilder was inspired by a 1931 German adaptation of the novel Ariane directed by Paul Czinner.[4]

Plot

Young cello student Ariane Chavasse (Audrey Hepburn) eavesdrops on a conversation between her father, widowed private detective Claude Chavasse (Maurice Chevalier), and his client, "Monsieur X" (John McGiver). After learning of his wife's daily trysts with American business magnate Frank Flannagan (Gary Cooper), Monsieur X announces he will shoot Flannagan later that day. Claude is nonchalant, regretting only the business he will lose (Flannagan is a well-known international playboy with a long history of numerous casual affairs). When Ariane cannot get the police to intervene (until after a crime has been committed), she decides to warn him herself.

Ariane is in time. When Monsieur X breaks into Flannagan's hotel suite, he finds Flannagan with Ariane, not his wife (she is cautiously making her escape via an outside ledge). Flannagan is intrigued by the mysterious girl, who refuses to give him any information about herself, even her name. He resorts to calling her "thin girl". She has no romantic history but pretends to be a femme fatale to interest him, and soon falls in love with the considerably older man. She agrees to meet him the next afternoon, because her orchestral practice is in the evenings (although she does not admit that is the reason). She comes with mixed feelings, but ends up becoming his lover for the evening until his plane leaves.

Her father, who has tried unsuccessfully to protect her from knowing about the tawdry domestic-surveillance details in his files, notices her change of mood but has no idea that it proceeds from one of his cases.

After a year, Flannagan returns to Paris. The two meet again when she sees him at an opera while surveying the crowd from a balcony and puts herself in his path in the lobby, and they start seeing each other again. This time, when he persists in his questioning, she makes up a long list of prior imaginary lovers based on her father's files (Flannagan is number 20 on the list). Flannagan gradually goes from being amused to being tormented by the possible comparisons, but is unsure whether they are real. When he encounters a still-apologetic Monsieur X, the latter recommends Claude Chavasse to him, and thus Flannagan hires Ariane's own father to investigate.

It does not take Chavasse long to realize the mystery woman is Ariane. He informs his client that his daughter fabricated her love life. He tells Flannagan that she is a little fish that he should throw back, since she is serious and he wants to avoid serious relationships.

Flannagan decides to leave Paris, pretending to be on his way to meet former lovers. At the station, as Ariane runs along the platform beside his departing train, with her femme-fatale facade cracking as her love shows through, Flannagan changes his mind and sweeps her up in his arms onto the train. Chavasse reports that they got married and now live in New York.

Cast

Production

Love in the Afternoon was the first of twelve screenplays by Billy Wilder and I. A. L. Diamond, who met when Wilder contacted Diamond after reading an article he had written for the Screen Writers Guild monthly magazine. The two men immediately hit it off, and Wilder suggested they collaborate on a project based on a German language film he had co-written in the early 1930s.[5]

The poster used for the film's release in French-speaking markets

Wilder's first choices for Frank Flannagan were Cary Grant and Yul Brynner.[1] "It was a disappointment to me that [Grant] never said yes to any picture I offered him," Wilder later recalled. "He didn't explain why. He had very strong ideas about what parts he wanted." The director decided to cast Gary Cooper because they shared similar tastes and interests and Wilder knew the actor would be good company during location filming in Paris. "They talked about food and wine and clothes and art," according to co-star Audrey Hepburn, Wilder's only choice for Ariane. Talent agent Paul Kohner suggested Maurice Chevalier for the role of Claude Chavasse, and when asked if he was interested, the actor replied, "I would give the secret recipe for my grandmother's bouillabaisse to be in a Billy Wilder picture."[5]

Filming locations included the Château of Vitry in the Yvelines, the Palais Garnier (Paris Opera), and the Hôtel Ritz Paris. It was Wilder's insistence to shoot the film on location in Paris.[1]

Music plays an important role in the film. Much of the prelude to the Richard Wagner opera Tristan und Isolde is heard during a lengthy sequence set in the opera house, and Gypsy style melodies underscore Flannagan's various seductions. Matty Malneck, Wilder's friend from their Paul Whiteman days in Vienna, wrote three songs for the film, including the title tune. Also heard are "C'est si bon," "L'ame Des Poètes" by Charles Trenet, and "Fascination," which is hummed repeatedly by Ariane.[5]

For the American release of the film, Maurice Chevalier recorded an end-of-film narration letting audiences know Ariane and Flannagan are married and living in New York City. Although Wilder objected to the addition, he was forced to include it to forestall complaints that the relationship between the two was immoral.[5]

The debt Allied Artists incurred while making Friendly Persuasion prompted the studio to sell the distribution rights of Love in the Afternoon for Europe to gain more financing.[1] The film was a commercial failure in the United States, but it was a major success in Europe, where it was released under the title Ariane.[5]

Critical reception

In his 1957 review, Bosley Crowther of the New York Times called the film a "grandly sophisticated romance ... in the great Lubitsch tradition" and added, "Like most of Lubitsch's chefs-d'oeuvre, it is a gossamer sort of thing, so far as a literary story and a substantial moral are concerned ... Mr. Wilder employs a distinctive style of subtle sophisticated slapstick to give the fizz to his brand of champagne ... Both the performers are up to it—archly, cryptically, beautifully. They are even up to a sentimental ending that is full of the mellowness of afternoon."[6]

Wilder is often mentioned as a "disciple" of Lubitsch. In his 2007 essay on the two directors for Stop Smiling magazine, Jonathan Rosenbaum wrote that Love in the Afternoon was "the most obvious and explicit and also, arguably, the clunkiest of his tributes to Lubitsch, partially inspired by Lubitsch's 1938 Bluebeard's Eighth Wife (which Wilder and Brackett also helped to script, and which also starred Gary Cooper, again playing a womanizing American millionaire in France)".[7] John Fawell wrote in 2008 that "Lubitsch was at his most imaginative when he lingered outside of doorways, particularly when something promiscuous was going on behind the door, a habit his pupil Billy Wilder picked up. In Wilder's most Lubitsch-like film, Love in the Afternoon, we know when Gary Cooper's rich playboy has bedded another conquest when we see the group of gypsy musicians (that travels with Cooper to aid in his wooing) tiptoe out of the hotel room, shoes in hand."[8]

In an undated and unsigned review, TV Guide notes that the film has "the winsome charm of Hepburn, the elfin puckishness of Chevalier, a literate script by Wilder and Diamond, and an airy feeling that wafted the audience along," but felt it was let down by Gary Cooper, who "was pushing 56 at the time and looking too long in the tooth to be playing opposite the gamine Hepburn ... With little competition from the wooden Cooper, the picture is stolen by Chevalier's bravura turn."[9]

Channel 4 thought "the film as a whole is rather let down by the implausible chemistry that is meant to develop between Cooper and Hepburn."[10]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Mirisch, Walter (2008). "I Thought We Were Making Movies, Not History" (pp. 81-83). University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin. ISBN 0-299-22640-9.
  2. ↑ Balio, Tino (1987). United Artists: the company that changed the film industry, page 164. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin. ISBN 0-299-11440-6. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
  3. ↑ "Top Grosses of 1957", Variety, 8 January 1958: 30
  4. ↑ Phillips p.187
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Chandler, Charlotte, Nobody's Perfect: Billy Wilder, A Personal Biography. New York: Simon & Schuster 2002. ISBN 0-7432-1709-8, pp. 189-194
  6. ↑ Crowther, Bosley (August 24, 1957). "The Screen: Billy Wilder's 'Love in the Afternoon' Arrives". New York Times.
  7. ↑ Rosenbaum, Jonathan (2007). "Sweet and Sour: Lubitsch and Wilder in Old Hollywood". Stop Smiling (32). This essay is collected in: Rosenbaum, Jonathan (2010). Goodbye Cinema, Hello Cinephilia: Film Culture in Transition. University of Chicago Press. p. 114. ISBN 9780226726656.
  8. ↑ Fawell, John (2008). The Hidden Art of Hollywood: In Defense of the Studio Era Film. ABC-CLIO. p. 68. ISBN 9780313356933.
  9. ↑ "Love in the Afternoon Review". TV Guide.
  10. ↑ Channel 4 review

Bibliography

External links

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