Los Angeles International Airport

"LAX" redirects here. For other uses, see LAX (disambiguation).
Los Angeles International Airport
IATA: LAX – ICAO: KLAX – FAA LID: LAX
– WMO: 72295
Summary
Airport type Public
Owner City of Los Angeles
Operator Los Angeles World Airports
Serves Greater Los Angeles Area
Location Los Angeles, California
Hub for
Focus city for
Elevation AMSL 126 ft / 38 m
Coordinates 33°56′33″N 118°24′29″W / 33.94250°N 118.40806°WCoordinates: 33°56′33″N 118°24′29″W / 33.94250°N 118.40806°W
Website www.lawa.org
Maps

FAA airport diagram
LAX

Location within the Los Angeles metropolitan area

Runways
Direction Length Surface
ft m
6L/24R 8,925 2,720 Concrete
6R/24L 10,285 3,135 Concrete
7L/25R 12,091 3,685 Concrete
7R/25L 11,095 3,382 Concrete
Helipads
Number Length Surface
ft m
H3 63 19 Concrete
Statistics
Passengers (2014) 70,622,212
Aircraft operations (2014) 666,942
Economic impact (2012) $14.9 billion[3]
Social impact (2012) 133.9 thousand[3]

Los Angeles International Airport (IATA: LAX, ICAO: KLAX, FAA LID: LAX) is the primary airport serving the Greater Los Angeles Area, the second-most populated metropolitan area in the United States. It is most often referred to by its IATA airport code LAX, with the letters pronounced individually. LAX is located in southwestern Los Angeles along the Pacific coast in the neighborhood of Westchester, 16 miles (26 km) from Downtown Los Angeles. It is owned and operated by Los Angeles World Airports, an agency of the Los Angeles city government formerly known as the Department of Airports.

In 2014, LAX handled 70,622,212 passengers, far exceeding a previous record of 67.3 million travelers set in 2000.[6] The airport holds the claim for "the world's busiest origin and destination (O & D) airport" in 2011, meaning it had the most non-connecting passengers,[7] and the third busiest in the world by aircraft movements. It is also the only airport to rank among the top five U.S. airports for both passenger and cargo traffic.[8]

While LAX is the busiest airport in the Greater Los Angeles Area, other airports, including Bob Hope Airport, John Wayne Airport, Long Beach Airport, and LA/Ontario International Airport, also serve the region. It is also notable for being one of few U.S. airports with four parallel runways.

LAX serves as a hub for American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, United Airlines, Alaska Airlines, Horizon Air, Great Lakes Airlines, and Virgin America. The airport also serves as a focus city for Southwest Airlines, Allegiant Air, Air New Zealand, Qantas, and Volaris. LAX is the only airport to serve as a hub for all three U.S. legacy airlines (American, Delta and United).

History

Los Angeles Municipal Airport on Army Day, c. 1931
Hangar No. 1 was the first structure at LAX, built in 1929, restored in 1990 and remaining in active use.[9]
Los Angeles International Airport with Marina Del Rey in the foreground and Palos Verdes Peninsula in the background

In 1928, the Los Angeles City Council selected 640 acres (1.00 sq mi; 260 ha) in the southern part of Westchester for a new airport for the city. The fields of wheat, barley and lima beans were converted into dirt landing strips without any terminal buildings. It was named Mines Field for William W. Mines, the real estate agent who arranged the deal.[10] The first structure, Hangar No. 1, was erected in 1929 and is in the National Register of Historic Places.[11]

Mines Field opened as the airport of Los Angeles in 1930 and the city purchased it to be a municipal airfield in 1937. The name became Los Angeles Airport in 1941 and Los Angeles International Airport in 1949.[12] In the 1930s the main airline airports were Burbank Airport (then known as Union Air Terminal, and later Lockheed) in Burbank and the Grand Central Airport in Glendale. (In 1940 the airlines were all at Burbank except for Mexicana's three departures a week from Glendale; in late 1946 most airline flights moved to LAX, but Burbank always retained a few.)[13]

Mines Field did not extend west of Sepulveda Boulevard;[14] Sepulveda was rerouted circa 1950 to loop around the west ends of the extended east–west runways (now runways 25L and 25R), which by November 1950 were 6,000 feet (1,800 m) long.[15] A tunnel was completed in 1953 allowing Sepulveda Boulevard to revert to straight and pass beneath the two runways; it was the first tunnel of its kind. For the next few years the two runways were 8,500 feet (2,600 m) long.[12][16]

On July 10, 1956, Boeing's 707 prototype (the 367–80) visited LAX. The Los Angeles Times said it was its first appearance at a "commercial airport" outside the Seattle area.[17]

The April 1957 Official Airline Guide showed 66 weekday departures on United Airlines, 32 American Airlines, 32 Western Airlines, 27 TWA, nine Southwest, five Bonanza Air Lines and three Mexicana Airlines; also 22 flights a week on Pan American World Airways and five a week on Scandinavian Airlines (the only direct flights from California to Europe).

American Airlines' 707-123s flew the first jet passengers out of LAX to New York in January 1959; the first wide-body jets were TWA's Boeing 747s to New York in early 1970.[12]

In 1958, the architecture firm Pereira & Luckman was contracted to plan the re-design of the airport for the "jet age". The plan, developed with architects Welton Becket and Paul Williams, called for a series of terminals and parking structures in the central portion of the property, with these buildings connected at the center by a huge steel-and-glass dome. The plan was never realized, and the Theme Building was built on the site intended for the dome.

In the new terminal area west of Sepulveda Blvd that started opening in 1961, each terminal had a satellite building out in the middle of the tarmac, reached by underground tunnels from the ticketing area.[18] United's satellites 7 and 8 were first to open, followed by 3, 4 and 5; satellite 2 opened as the international terminal several months later and satellite 6 was to be the last to open.[19][20]

Since the 1920s, a neighborhood called Surfridge had been on the coastline west of the airport, part of the larger community of Palisades del Rey along with the neighborhood to the north now known as Playa del Rey. When the airlines switched to jet airliners during the 1960s and 1970s and Surfridge's residents complained about noise pollution, the city used its eminent domain powers to condemn and evacuate Surfridge. The government bulldozed the homes but did not bulldoze the streets, and the fenced-off "ghost" streets west of LAX are still there.

In 1981, LAX began a $700 million expansion in preparation for the 1984 Summer Olympics. The U-shaped roadway past the terminal entrances got a second level, with arriving passengers on the lower level and departing on the upper. Connector buildings between the ticketing areas and the satellite buildings were added, changing the layout to a "pier" design. Two new terminals (Terminal 1 and the Tom Bradley International Terminal) were built and Terminal 2, then two decades old, was rebuilt. Multi-story parking structures were also built in the center of the airport.[12]

On July 8, 1982, groundbreaking for the two new terminals were conducted by Mayor Tom Bradley and World War II aviator General James Doolittle. The $123 million 963,000-square-foot (89,500 m2) International Terminal opened on June 11, 1984, and was named for Bradley.[12]

On April 29, 1992, the airport closed for violence and cleanup after the 1992 Los Angeles Riots over the Rodney King beating.

The airport closed again on January 17, 1994 after the Northridge earthquake.

In 1996, a $29 million, 277-foot-tall (84 m) air traffic control tower was built near the Theme Building.[12]

The Theme Building decorated with light displays for the holiday season

In 2000, before Los Angeles hosted the Democratic National Convention, fifteen glass pylons up to ten stories high were placed in a circle around the intersection of Sepulveda Boulevard and Century Boulevard, with more pylons of decreasing height following Century Boulevard eastward, evoking a sense of departure and arrival. Conceived by the designers at Selbert Perkins Design, the towers and 30-foot (9.1 m) "LAX" letters are a gateway to the airport and offer a welcoming landmark for visitors.[21] Illuminated from the inside, the pylons slowly cycle through a rainbow of colors that represents the multicultural makeup of Los Angeles and can be customized to celebrate events, holidays or a season. This was part of an overall face-lift that included new signage and various other cosmetic enhancements that was led by Ted Tokio Tanaka Architects. The LAX pylons underwent improvements in 2006, as stage lighting inside the cylinders was replaced with LED lights to conserve energy, make maintenance easier and enable on-demand cycling through various color effects.[22]

LAX has been a hub for TWA, Air California, Braniff International, Continental Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Pacific Southwest Airlines, US Airways, Western Airlines, and the Flying Tiger Line.

Starting in the mid-1990s, under Mayors Richard Riordan and James Hahn, modernization and expansion plans for LAX were prepared, only to be stymied by a coalition of residents who live near the airport. They cited increased noise, pollution and traffic impacts of the project. In late 2005, newly elected Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa was able to reach a compromise, allowing some modernization to go forward while encouraging future growth among other facilities in the region.

It is illegal to limit the number of passengers that use an airport, but in December 2005 the city agreed to limit the passenger gates to 163. Once passenger usage hits 75 million, a maximum of two gates a year for up to five years will be closed, intending to limit growth to 79 million passengers a year. In exchange civil lawsuits were abandoned, to allow the city to complete badly needed improvements to the airport.[23]

The airport is a hub for United Airlines, Alaska Airlines, American Airlines,[24] and a focus city for Southwest Airlines, Allegiant Air, Air New Zealand, Qantas, Virgin America and Volaris. It also serves as an international gateway and hub for Delta Air Lines and houses a line maintenance facility for Delta's primary maintenance, repair and overhaul arm, Delta TechOps.[25]

In 2008 plans were unveiled for a $4.11 billion renovation and improvement program to expand and rehabilitate the Tom Bradley International Terminal to accommodate the next generation of larger aircraft, as well as handle the growing number of flights to and from the Southern California region, and to develop the Central Terminal Area (CTA) of the airport to include streamlined passenger processing, public transportation and updated central utility plants.[26] As of 2013, Los Angeles International Airport is the biggest airport in California. The multi-year project, originally projected to be completed in 2014, is ongoing as of February 2015,[27] and is the largest public works project in Los Angeles history.[28][29]

The "X" in LAX

Before the 1930s, existing airports used a two-letter abbreviation based on the weather stations at the airports. At that time, "LA" served as the designation for Los Angeles Airport. But with the rapid growth in the aviation industry the designations expanded to three letters c. 1947, and "LA" became "LAX." The letter "X" has no specific meaning in this identifier.[30] "LAX" is also used for the Port of Los Angeles in San Pedro and by Amtrak for Union Station in downtown Los Angeles.

Aircraft spotting

The "Imperial Hill" area (also known as Clutter's Park) in El Segundo is a prime location for aircraft spotting. Another popular spotting location sits under the final approach for runways 24 L&R on a lawn next to the Westchester In-N-Out Burger on Sepulveda Boulevard. This is one of the few remaining locations in Southern California from which spotters may watch such a wide variety of low-flying commercial airliners from directly underneath a flight path.

Space Shuttle Endeavour

At 12:51 pm on Friday, September 21, 2012, a Shuttle Carrier Aircraft carrying the Space Shuttle Endeavour landed at LAX on runway 25L.[31] An estimate of over 10,000 people saw the shuttle land in person. Interstate 105 was backed up for miles at a standstill. Imperial Highway was shut down for spectators. Along the way the shuttle passed many landmarks in the Los Angeles area including the Santa Monica Pier, Getty Center, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Griffith Observatory, Malibu coastline, the Hollywood Sign, Universal Studios Hollywood, the Disneyland Resort, and Los Angeles City Hall. It was quickly taken off the Boeing 747 and was moved to a United Airlines hangar. The shuttle spent about a month in the hangar while it was prepared for transport to the California Science Center.

On Friday, October 12, Endeavour left the hangar at 2:00 a.m. Pacific Daylight Time and moved eastward on Manchester Boulevard on its way to the California Science Center. The shuttle transport vehicle (STV) was constructed of over 60 individual wheels and weighed over 12,000 pounds (5,400 kg). It was designed to move the shuttle at a speed of 2 miles per hour (3.2 km/h). This was both for safety concerns for the shuttle and so people could take many photos. As the entire planned route was only 12 miles, it should have only taken 6 hours to complete. Instead, the shuttle arrived in one piece on the morning of Sunday, October 14, 2012.

Theme Building

Main article: Theme Building

The distinctive white googie "Theme Building", designed by Pereira & Luckman architect Paul Williams and constructed in 1961 by Robert E. McKee Construction Co., resembles a flying saucer that has landed on its four legs. A restaurant with a sweeping view of the airport is suspended beneath two arches that form the legs. The Los Angeles City Council designated the building a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument in 1992. A $4 million renovation, with retro-futuristic interior and electric lighting designed by Walt Disney Imagineering, was completed before the "Encounter Restaurant" opened there in 1997.[32] Visitors are able to take the elevator up to the roof of the "Theme Building", which closed after the September 11, 2001 attacks for security reasons and reopened to the public on weekends beginning on July 10, 2010.[33] Additionally, a memorial to the victims of the 9/11 attacks is located on the grounds, as three of the four hijacked planes were originally destined for LAX.[34]

Terminals

A terminal map of LAX.

LAX has nine passenger terminals arranged in the shape of the letter U or a horseshoe. The terminals are served by a shuttle bus. Terminals 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are all connected airside via an underground tunnel between Terminals 4, 5 and 6 and above-ground walkways between Terminals 6, 7, and 8. An additional airside shuttle bus operates among Terminals 4, 6, and the American Eagle remote terminal. There are no physical airside connections between any of the other terminals.

In addition to these terminals, there are 2,000,000 square feet (190,000 m2) of cargo facilities at LAX, and a heliport operated by Bravo Aviation. Qantas[35] has a maintenance facility at LAX, even though it is not a hub.

Most inter-terminal connections require passengers to exit security, then walk or use a shuttle-bus to get to the other terminal, then re-clear security. A few LAX terminals provide airside connections, which allow connecting passengers to access other terminals without having to re-clear security. The following airside connections are possible:[36]

Terminal 1

Terminal 1 has 15 gates: Gates 1–3, 4A–4B, and 5–14, and houses Southwest Airlines. Terminal 1 was built in 1984. It was announced that Southwest and Los Angeles World Airports would fund about $400 million in Terminal 1 improvements under a plan approved Monday, January 14, 2013, by the Board of Airport Commissioners. Though the improvements have already begun, the plan must be approved by the City of Los Angeles. As part of the deal, US Airways agreed to move its operations to Terminal 3, giving Southwest its own terminal.[38] US Airways moved to Terminal 3 on February 12, 2014, leaving Southwest and subsidiary AirTran as sole operators at Terminal 1.[39] AirTran stopped flights to Los Angeles on November 1, 2014, leaving Southwest as the only tenant of Terminal 1.

Terminal 2

Terminal 2 with Air China, Air Canada and Avianca Airlines.

Terminal 2 has 11 gates: Gates 21–21B, 22–22B, 23, 24–24B, and 25–28. It hosts most foreign airlines not using the Tom Bradley International Terminal along with a couple of domestic airlines: Aeroméxico, Air Canada, Air China, Avianca, Hawaiian Airlines, Sun Country Airlines, Virgin Atlantic, Volaris, and WestJet. Former tenants of the terminal include Northwest Airlines, Pan American World Airways, and TACA International Airlines. Air New Zealand moved to the Tom Bradley International Terminal on December 3, 2014.[40] Air China will move to the Tom Bradley International Terminal on July 1, 2015.[41]

Terminal 2 was built in 1962, and was the original international terminal. It was completely torn down and rebuilt in stages between 1984 and 1988 at a cost of $94 million.[42] The rebuilt terminal was designed by Leo A Daly.[43] Terminal 2 has CBP (Customs and Border Protection) facilities to process arriving international passengers.

Terminal 3

Terminal 3 is served by ultra low cost carrier Spirit Airlines.

Terminal 3 has 12 gates: Gates 30, 31A–31B, 32, 33A–33B, 34–36, 37A–37B, and 38 (gate 39 was removed to make room for Virgin Australia Boeing 777 operations at gate 38). Terminal 3 opened in 1961 and was Trans World Airlines' terminal. The terminal was expanded in 1970 to accommodate widebody operations and between 1980 and 1987, which included a new passenger connector building and baggage system connected to the original satellite.[44] It formerly housed some American Airlines flights after that airline acquired Reno Air and TWA in 1999 and 2001, respectively. Eventually, all American flights were moved to Terminal 4. As of November 2014, Allegiant Air,[45] Frontier Airlines,[46] JetBlue Airways, Spirit Airlines, and Virgin America use Terminal 3. US Airways moved operations to Terminal 6 on November 6, 2014.[47]

Virgin America uses Terminal 2 for arrivals from Cancun. Virgin Australia check-in is in Terminal 3 and all departures and arrivals are at TBIT.

Tom Bradley International Terminal

Not to be confused with Bradley International Airport, which serves Hartford, Connecticut
Tom Bradley International Terminal
Tom Bradley International Terminal in the early morning
Check-in counters in the Tom Bradley International Terminal
Moving walkways inside the new south concourse of the Tom Bradley West terminal. The separated arrivals walkway on the second floor leads directly to U.S. Customs.

The Tom Bradley International Terminal (TBIT) has 18 gates; nine on the north concourse and nine on the south concourse. Each gate is equipped with a Safegate Advanced - Visual Docking Guidance System. In addition, there are nine satellite gates for international flights located on the west side of LAX. Passengers are ferried to the west side gates by bus. The terminal exclusively hosts most of the major international airlines, with the exception of those housed in Terminal 2.

This terminal opened for the 1984 Summer Olympic Games and is named for Tom Bradley, the first African-American and longest-serving (20 years) mayor of Los Angeles, and champion of LAX. The terminal is located at the west end of the passenger terminal area between Terminals 3 and 4. Tom Bradley International Terminal hosts 27 airlines and handles 10 million passengers per year.

In 2010, modernization efforts resulted in additional space for inline baggage screening, three large alliance-aligned lounges plus one unaffiliated lounge (to replace the multiple airline specific lounges) and cosmetic upgrades in the departures and arrivals areas.

On November 17, 2008, Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa unveiled design concepts for LAX's Bradley West and Midfield Concourse projects. Los Angeles World Airports (LAWA), along with city officials, selected Fentress Architects in association with HNTB to develop a design concept for the modernization of LAX. The emphasis of the modernization is to improve the passenger experience and to keep Los Angeles competitive with other global cities.

On February 22, 2010, construction began on the $1.5 billion Bradley West project, part of the multi-year $4.11 billion LAX improvement and redevelopment projects. The project added over 1,250,000 square feet (116,000 m2) of shops, restaurants, and passenger lounges, as well as new security screening, customs, immigration, and baggage claim facilities. The terminal's existing two concourses will be demolished and replaced with a larger pair with 18 gates, nine of which will be able to accommodate the Airbus A380. The terminal opened in phases beginning on September 2012, and was completed in 2014.[48]

On September 18, 2013, the new Tom Bradley International Terminal at LAX officially opened. Airlines started to use the new, smarter gates that can handle larger aircraft, with multiple gates configured for the Airbus A380. Inside, Southern California scenes and eccentric videos are played on seven huge multimedia screens. It is the largest immersive system in an airport and the most advanced multimedia environment in a North American airport. This system was created by Moment Factory.[49] Lounge-like seating for relaxation, and the 25,000-square-foot duty-free shopping area are located in the Great Hall. Many restaurants and high-end shops are located there, such as Chloé, Burberry, Fred Segal, and Porsche amongst others. Franchises of popular LA restaurants including Umami Burger, 800 Degrees, Larder, Ink.Sack and Lucky Fish are among the restaurant selections available.[50]

Accommodating the Airbus A380

On March 25, 2007, Runway 7R/25L reopened after being shifted 55 feet (17 m) south to prevent runway incursions and prepare the runway for the Airbus A380. Additional storm drains and enhanced runway lighting were added. Runway 25L is now 800 feet (240 m) south of the parallel runway centerline to centerline, allowing a parallel taxiway between the runways; the taxiway was completed in 2008.

On September 18, 2006, Los Angeles World Airports started a $503 million facelift of the Tom Bradley International Terminal. Improvements included new paging, air conditioning and electrical systems, along with new elevators, escalators, baggage carousels, and a digital sign that automatically update flight information. With federal funding, explosives-detection technology was incorporated into the terminal's underground baggage system.

According to the Los Angeles Times, in February 2007, many Pacific Rim carriers began reducing flights to LAX in favor of more modern airports, such as San Francisco International Airport, due to the aging Tom Bradley International Terminal.[51]

On August 15, 2007, the Los Angeles City Council approved a $1.2 billion project to construct a new 10-gate terminal to handle international flights using the Airbus A380.[52] Adding the first new gates built since the early 1980s, the new structure was to be built directly west of the Tom Bradley International Terminal on a site that was occupied mostly by aircraft hangars.[52]

On March 19, 2007, the Airbus A380 made its debut at LAX, landing on runway 24L. Though LAX was originally to be the first U.S. city to see the A380, Airbus later decided to forgo LAX in favor of John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City. After city officials fought for the super-jumbo jet to land at LAX, Airbus had to get two A380, where the A380 landed simultaneously in New York and LAX.[53]

On March 31, 2008, the Los Angeles Times reported that foreign carriers were once again flocking to LAX's Tom Bradley International Terminal. The weaker dollar caused a surge in demand for U.S. travel, resulting in airlines either adding new destinations or increasing frequencies to existing routes. New airlines that introduced flights to LAX included Virgin Australia, Emirates Airlines, Turkish Airlines, and Iberia Airlines. Korean Air, Qantas, Air China, and Air France have all augmented their services to Los Angeles by adding new flights to existing routes. The influx of new flights comes amidst the renovation of the airport and consolidates LAX's status as the premiere international gateway to the Western United States.[54]

Qantas launched service with the Airbus A380 on October 20, 2008, using the west side remote gates. Though initially deployed between LAX and Sydney, Qantas' A380 service was extended to the LAX-Melbourne route. This was followed shortly by Korean Air, which initiated nonstop A380 flights to Seoul-Incheon in October 2011. Air France has launched A380 flights between Paris-Charles de Gaulle and Los Angeles in May 2012. In addition, China Southern Airlines launched A380 service to Guangzhou in October 2012, representing an increase in capacity of 78% on the route. With the addition of these services, LAX boasted six daily A380 services. On October 15, British Airways' nonstop service from London Heathrow to LAX also became an A380 route.[55]

Asiana Airlines launched an Airbus A380 service to LAX on Wednesday, August 20, 2014. This new A380 route makes Asiana the eighth A380 operator at LAX and the eleventh airline to operate an A380. Previously, Asiana deployed regional Asian A380 routes to Osaka, Hong Kong, and Bangkok.[56]

As of 29 March 2015, LAX has more A380 services than any other North American city, with twelve daily flights spread among nine operators: Emirates (Dubai), China Southern Airlines (Guangzhou), British Airways (London), Qantas (Sydney and Melbourne), Korean Air and Asiana Airlines (Seoul), Air France (Paris), Singapore Airlines (Singapore via Tokyo), and Lufthansa (Frankfurt).

Terminal 4

Interior view of Terminal 4

Terminal 4 has 14 gates: Gates 40–41, 42A–42B, 43–45 (Gate 44 is for the bus to the American Eagle remote terminal, Gates 44A-44J), 46A–46B, 47A–47B, 48A–48B, and 49A, and houses American Airlines flights. Terminal 4 was built in 1961, was expanded in 1983 by adding a connector from the ticketing areas to the original satellite,[44] and was renovated in 2002 at a cost of $400 million in order to improve the appearance and functionality of the facility. The renovation was designed by Rivers & Christian.[57] An international arrivals facility was also added as part of the renovations.

American Eagle regional flights operate from the "American Eagle Terminal", a satellite terminal which is located just east of Terminal 8. Gate 44 serves as the shuttle bus stop at Terminal 4. The remote terminal is also connected by shuttle buses to Terminals 6 and TBIT because of Eagle's codesharing with Alaska Airlines, Qantas and US Airways.

Terminal 5

Terminal 5 has 15 gates: Gates 50A–50B, 51A–51B, 52A–52B, 53A–53B, 54A–54B, 55A, 56–57, 58, and 59, and is used as Delta Air Lines' West Coast hub. Western Airlines occupied this terminal at its opening in 1962, and continued to do so until Western was merged with Delta on April 1, 1987. Terminal 5 was redesigned by Gensler,[58] expanded to include a connector building between the original satellite and the ticketing facilities and remodeled from 1986 through early 1988. It was unofficially named 'Delta's Oasis at LAX' with the slogan 'Take Five at LAX' when construction was completed in the summer of 1988. Northwest Airlines moved all operations to Terminal 5 and Terminal 6 alongside Delta on June 30, 2009, as part of its merger with the airline. The terminal has a customs area in the arrivals floor, used for international flights served by Delta Air Lines.

Terminal 6

A Virgin America Airbus A319 at Terminal 6 prior to the airline's move to Terminal 3.

Terminal 6 has 14 gates: Gates 60–63, 64A–64B, 65A-65B, 66, 67, 68A–68B, and 69A–69B. Parts of this terminal have changed little from its opening in 1961; in 1970, new gates were expanded from the main building, as is obvious from the rotunda at the end. Four of these gates have two jetways, which can accommodate large aircraft. An expansion of the terminal, including a connector of the original satellite to the ticketing areas, was completed in 1987.[59]

Terminal 6 hosts airline tenants with a variety of relationships with the airport. Continental Airlines originally built the Connector Building (which links the Ticketing and rotunda buildings). Prior to October 2014, United Airlines used the connector gates, supplementing its base at Terminal 7. Delta also leases some space from the Airport in Terminal 6, in addition to its base at Terminal 5. Most of the rotunda gates can feed arriving passengers into a sterile corridor that shunts them to Terminal 7's customs and immigration facility.

In April 2011, Alaska Airlines agreed to a deal with Los Angeles World Airports to renovate Terminal 6. The airline moved its flights to Terminal 6 on March 20, 2012, and Spirit Airlines was relocated to Terminal 3.[60] US Airways moved operations to Terminal 6 on November 6, 2014.[47]

Alaska operates one airline lounge in Terminal 6.

Former tenants of the terminal include Continental Airlines until its merger with United in 2011 and Eastern Air Lines, which went bankrupt in 1991. The terminal also originally housed Pacific Southwest Airlines.

Terminal 7

Terminal 7 has 11 gates: Gates 70A-70B, 71A-71B, 72, 73, 74, 75A-75B, 76, and 77. This terminal opened in 1962 and was expanded to accommodate widebody aircraft in 1970.[59] The terminal was expanded in 1982 with the addition of a connector building, which today compromises of gates 70A-70B and 71A-71B.[59] Four of these gates have two jetways, which accommodate large aircraft. Terminal 7 is used for United Airlines' domestic and international operations. The interior of the terminal was renovated between January 1998 and June 1999 at a cost of $250 million, was designed by HNTB, and was constructed by Hensel Phelps Construction. Added were new gate podiums, increased size of gate areas, relocated concessions, expanded restrooms, new flooring, and new signage.[61] Also, the roof of the terminal was raised, and new, brighter light fixtures were added in order to provide more overall lighting.[62] As of 2012, Terminal 7 is undergoing another facelift, with significant changes to concessions. The terminal also contains a United Club and an International First Class Lounge. The terminal has a customs area located on the arrivals floor, used by international flights served by Alaska Airlines and United Airlines.

Terminal 8

Terminal 8 has nine gates: Gates 80–88. This terminal was originally constructed in 1961 as Concourse 8 and was redeveloped in 1982 and renamed Terminal 8.[59] The terminal formerly served Shuttle by United flights. While at one point, United solely operated United Express flights from Terminal 8 and operated non-Express flights from Terminals 6 and 7, Terminal 8 is now used once again for some mainline flights.

LAX

Airlines and destinations

LAX connects 87 domestic and 69 international destinations in North America, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and Oceania. Its most prominent airlines are American Airlines (15.71% of passenger traffic), Delta Air Lines (15.69%), and United Airlines (15.11%). Other airlines with a presence on a lesser scale include Southwest Airlines (11.10%) and Alaska Airlines (5.11%).[63]

Passenger

A line-up of international carriers at the Tom Bradley International Terminal
An Alaska Airlines Boeing 737-900 taking off from LAX. The Hollywood Sign is visible in the distance
An American Airlines Boeing 777-200ER at LAX
An Air China Boeing 747-400 taking off from LAX
An Asiana Airlines Boeing 777-200ER taxis to the TBIT
A China Southern Airlines Airbus A380 lands at LAX
An Air France Airbus A380 taking off from LAX
A British Airways Airbus A380 lands at LAX
A Qantas Airbus A380 at LAX
A Singapore Airlines Airbus A380 parked at LAX
A Korean Air Airbus A380 taxiing
An Emirates Airbus A380 at LAX
A Cathay Pacific Boeing 777-300ER at LAX
A Delta Air Lines Boeing 747-400 taking off from LAX
A Hawaiian Airlines Boeing 767-300ER takes off from LAX, framed against the control tower
A Thai Airways Boeing 777-200ER takes off from LAX
A KLM Boeing 747-400 taxis at LAX
A Lufthansa Boeing 747-8 taxiing
An Air New Zealand Boeing 777 at LAX
A United Airlines Boeing 787-8 at LAX
The United Airlines "Stars and Bars" Retro Airbus A320 taxiing
A Southwest Airlines Boeing 737 with the LA skyline in the background.

United Airlines/United Express operate the most departures from the airport, followed by American Airlines/American Eagle and Southwest Airlines. United also operates to the most destinations, followed by American and Alaska Airlines/Horizon. Delta, Qantas and United all operate nonstop services to the most transpacific destinations (three). Norwegian Air Shuttle (Operated by Norwegian Long Haul) serves the most destinations in Europe (three), while Alaska Airlines/Horizon serve the most destinations in Mexico (nine). This table lists passenger flights served with a nonstop or direct flight with no change of aircraft carrying passengers originating in Los Angeles according to the airlines' published schedules, unless otherwise noted.

Airlines Destinations Terminal
Aeroflot Moscow-Sheremetyevo TBIT
Aeroméxico Guadalajara, Mexico City
Seasonal: Cancún 		2
Aeroméxico Connect Hermosillo, La Paz (Mexico),[64] León/Del Bajío
Seasonal: Culiacán 		2
Air Berlin Seasonal: Düsseldorf TBIT
Air Canada Montréal-Trudeau, Toronto-Pearson 2
Air Canada Rouge Calgary, Vancouver 2
Air China Beijing-Capital 21
Air France Papeete, Paris-Charles de Gaulle TBIT
Air New Zealand Auckland, London-Heathrow, Rarotonga TBIT
Air Tahiti Nui Papeete, Paris-Charles de Gaulle TBIT
Alaska Airlines Anchorage, Baltimore (begins September 9, 2015),[65] Guadalajara, Ixtapa/Zihuatanejo, Liberia (CR) (begins November 1, 2015)[66] Manzanillo, Mazatlán, Mexico City (ends June 3, 2015),[67] Portland (OR), Puerto Vallarta, Salt Lake City, San José del Cabo, San José de Costa Rica (begins October 31, 2015),[66] Seattle/Tacoma, Vancouver, Washington-National 6
Alaska Airlines
operated by Horizon Air 		Loreto (Mexico), Mammoth Lakes, Medford, Santa Rosa, Seattle/Tacoma
Seasonal: Sun Valley 		6
Alitalia Seasonal: Rome-Fiumicino TBIT
All Nippon Airways Tokyo-Haneda, Tokyo-Narita TBIT
Allegiant Air Bellingham, Boise (begins June 5, 2015), Eugene, Fargo, Grand Junction, Honolulu, Idaho Falls, Medford, Provo
Seasonal: Billings, Cedar Rapids, Des Moines, Fayetteville/Bentonville, Great Falls, Kalispell, Little Rock (begins June 4, 2015), McAllen, Missoula, Montrose (begins June 5, 2015), Sioux Falls, Springfield/Branson, Tri-Cities (WA), Tulsa (begins June 5, 2015), Wichita 		3
American Airlines Atlanta, Austin, Belize City (begins June 6, 2015),[68] Boston, Chicago-O'Hare, Columbus (OH), Dallas/Fort Worth, Guadalajara (begins June 4, 2015),[68] Honolulu, Indianapolis, Kahului, Kailua-Kona, Las Vegas, Lihue, London-Heathrow, Mexico City (begins June 4, 2015),[67] Miami, Nashville, New York-JFK, Orlando, St. Louis, San Francisco, San José del Cabo, São Paulo-Guarulhos, Shanghai-Pudong, Tampa, Tokyo-Narita, Toronto-Pearson, Washington-Dulles (ends July 5, 2015),[69] Washington-National, West Palm Beach (ends May 4, 2015)[70]
Seasonal: Eagle/Vail 		4
American Eagle Albuquerque, Denver, Edmonton, El Paso, Eugene, Fayetteville/Bentonville, Fresno, Houston-Intercontinental, Monterey, Oklahoma City, Phoenix, Redmond/Bend, Reno/Tahoe, Sacramento, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose (CA), Santa Fe, Tucson, Vancouver
Seasonal: Aspen 		4 (Satellite)
Asiana Airlines Seoul-Incheon TBIT
Avianca Bogotá (resumes July 1, 2015)[71] 2
Avianca Costa Rica Guatemala City, San José de Costa Rica 2
Avianca El Salvador San Salvador 2
British Airways London-Heathrow TBIT
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong TBIT
China Airlines Taipei-Taoyuan TBIT
China Eastern Airlines Nanjing (begins June 30, 2015),[72] Shanghai-Pudong TBIT
China Southern Airlines Guangzhou TBIT
Copa Airlines Panama City TBIT
Delta Air Lines Atlanta, Belize City, Boston, Cancún, Cincinnati, Columbus (OH), Detroit, Guadalajara, Guatemala City, Honolulu, Indianapolis, Ixtapa/Zihuatanejo, Kansas City, Kahului, Kailua-Kona, Las Vegas, León/Del Bajío, Lihue, London-Heathrow,[73] Manzanillo, Mazatlán, Memphis, Miami, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Nashville, New Orleans, New York-JFK, Orlando, Phoenix, Portland (OR),[74] Puerto Vallarta, Raleigh/Durham, Sacramento (begins June 4, 2015),[75] Salt Lake City, San José (Costa Rica), San Salvador, Seattle/Tacoma, Shanghai-Pudong (begins July 9, 2015),[76]Sydney, Tampa, Tokyo-Haneda, Tokyo-Narita
Seasonal: Liberia (CR), Managua (begins June 5, 2015)[77] 		5, 6
Delta Connection Austin, Boise, Dallas/Fort Worth, Kansas City, Las Vegas, Monterrey, Oakland, Phoenix, Portland (OR), Sacramento, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Diego, San Jose (CA), Seattle/Tacoma, Spokane, Vancouver
Seasonal: Bozeman, Jackson Hole, Kalispell, Missoula 		5, 6
Delta Shuttle San Francisco 5, 6
El Al Tel Aviv-Ben Gurion TBIT
Emirates Dubai-International TBIT
Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa, Dublin (both begin June 18, 2015)[78] TBIT
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi TBIT
EVA Air Taipei-Taoyuan TBIT
Fiji Airways Nadi TBIT
Frontier Airlines Atlanta, Chicago-O'Hare, Denver 3
Great Lakes Airlines Kingman, Merced, Prescott 6
Hainan Airlines Changsha (begins July 1, 2015)[79] TBIT
Hawaiian Airlines Honolulu, Kahului
Seasonal: Kailua-Kona, Lihue[80] 		2
Iberia Seasonal: Madrid TBIT
Japan Airlines Osaka-Kansai,[81] Tokyo-Narita TBIT
JetBlue Airways Boston, Fort Lauderdale, New York-JFK 3
KLM Amsterdam TBIT
Korean Air São Paulo-Guarulhos, Seoul-Incheon TBIT
LAN Airlines Lima, Santiago de Chile TBIT
LAN Perú Lima TBIT
Lufthansa Frankfurt, Munich TBIT
Norwegian Air Shuttle
operated by Norwegian Long Haul 		Copenhagen, London-Gatwick, Oslo-Gardermoen
Seasonal: Stockholm-Arlanda 		TBIT
Philippine Airlines Manila TBIT
Qantas2 Brisbane, Melbourne, Sydney TBIT
Saudia Jeddah, Riyadh TBIT
Singapore Airlines Singapore, Tokyo-Narita TBIT
Southwest Airlines Albuquerque, Atlanta, Austin, Baltimore, Chicago-Midway, Dallas-Love, Denver, El Paso, Houston-Hobby, Indianapolis (begins June 7, 2015),[82] Kansas City, Las Vegas, Milwaukee, Nashville, New Orleans, Oakland, Phoenix, Portland (OR) (begins June 7, 2015),[82] Reno/Tahoe, Sacramento, St. Louis, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Francisco, San Jose (CA), Tucson
Seasonal: Boise, Omaha 		1
Spirit Airlines Atlanta (begins August 20, 2015), Baltimore (begins July 7, 2015), Cleveland, Chicago-O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Denver,[83] Detroit, Fort Lauderdale, Houston-Intercontinental, Kansas City (begins July 9, 2015), Las Vegas
Seasonal: Minneapolis/St. Paul 		3
Sun Country Airlines Minneapolis/St. Paul 2
Swiss International Air Lines Zürich TBIT
Thai Airways Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Seoul-Incheon TBIT
Transaero Airlines Moscow-Vnukovo TBIT
Turkish Airlines Istanbul-Atatürk TBIT
United Airlines Baltimore, Boston, Cancún, Chicago-O'Hare, Cleveland, Denver, Hilo, Honolulu, Houston-Intercontinental, Kahului, Kailua-Kona, Las Vegas, Lihue, London-Heathrow, Melbourne, Mexico City, New Orleans, New York-JFK, Newark, Orlando, Puerto Vallarta, San Francisco, San José del Cabo, Seattle/Tacoma, Shanghai-Pudong, Sydney, Tokyo-Narita, Washington-Dulles
Seasonal: Leon/Del Bajio, San Antonio 		7, 8
United Express Albuquerque, Austin, Boise, Colorado Springs, Dallas/Fort Worth, Durango (Mexico), El Paso, Fresno, Las Vegas, León/Del Bajío, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Monterey, Oklahoma City, Palm Springs, Phoenix, Reno/Tahoe, Sacramento, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Diego, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Santa Maria (ends May 4, 2015),[84] Seattle/Tacoma, Tucson, Vancouver
Seasonal: Aspen, Bozeman, Hayden/Steamboat Springs, Jackson Hole, Montrose 		7, 8
US Airways
operated by American Airlines 		Charlotte, Columbus (OH), Nashville (begins June 4, 2015),[69] Philadelphia, Phoenix, Pittsburgh, Raleigh/Durham, Tampa (begins June 4, 2015),[69] Washington-Dulles (begins July 6, 2015)[69] 6
Virgin America Boston, Cancún, Chicago-O'Hare, Dallas-Love, Fort Lauderdale, Las Vegas, New York-JFK, Newark, Orlando, San Francisco, Seattle/Tacoma, Washington-Dulles 3
Virgin Atlantic Airways London-Heathrow 2
Virgin Australia Brisbane, Sydney TBIT3
Volaris Aguascalientes, Guadalajara, León/Del Bajío (begins June 8, 2015),[85] Mexico City, Morelia, Uruapan, Zacatecas 2
WestJet Calgary, Edmonton, Vancouver 2
Notes

Cargo

Airlines Destinations
ABX Air Cincinnati, Guadalajara, Mexico City, Portland (OR), San Francisco, San José (Costa Rica), Seattle‑Boeing
AeroUnion Guadalajara, León/El Bajío, Mexico City, Monterrey
AirBridgeCargo Airlines Chicago-O'Hare[87]
Air China Cargo Beijing-Capital
Air Transport International Toledo
Aloha Air Cargo Honolulu
Ameriflight Phoenix, Tucson
Asiana Cargo Seoul-Incheon
Atlas Air Anchorage, Fairbanks, Guam
Cargolux Calgary, Glasgow-Prestwick, Indianapolis, Luxembourg, Mexico City
Cathay Pacific Cargo[88] Anchorage, Hong Kong, Mexico City, San Francisco, Vancouver
China Airlines Cargo[89] Anchorage, Osaka, San Francisco, Taipei-Taoyuan
China Cargo Airlines Shanghai-Pudong
China Southern Cargo Shanghai-Pudong, Vancouver, Zhengzhou [90]
Emirates SkyCargo Copenhagen, Dubai-Al Maktoum, Mexico City, Zaragoza
EVA Air Cargo Anchorage, San Francisco, Taipei-Taoyuan
FedEx Express Auckland, Fort Worth/Alliance, Honolulu, Indianapolis, Memphis, Newark, Oakland, Portland (OR), San Diego, Sydney
Florida West International Airways Bogotá
Kalitta Air Honolulu, Seoul-Incheon
Korean Air Cargo Anchorage, San Francisco, Seoul-Incheon, Tokyo-Narita
Lufthansa Cargo Frankfurt
MasAir Guadalajara, Mérida, Mexico City, Quito, Campinas-Viracopos
Nippon Cargo Airlines Tokyo-Narita
Polar Air Cargo Anchorage, Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky, Seoul-Incheon, Shanghai-Pudong
Qatar Airways Cargo[91] Luxembourg, Mexico City, Doha
Singapore Airlines Cargo[92] Anchorage, Brussels, Chicago-O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth
Southern Air Hong Kong, Leipzig/Halle
UPS Airlines Dallas/Fort Worth, Louisville
Yangtze River Express Shanghai-Pudong

Traffic and statistics

LAX handles more "origin and destination" (i.e. not connecting) passengers than any other airport in the world.[7][93]

The airport handled 28,861,477 enplanements, the total number of passengers boarding an aircraft, in 2008. This makes LAX the third busiest airport in the United States in terms of enplanements.[94]

It is the world's fifth-busiest airport by passenger traffic[95] and fifteenth-busiest by cargo traffic,[96] serving over 70.6 million passengers and 2 million tons of freight and mail in 2014. It is the busiest airport in the state of California, and the second-busiest airport by passenger boardings in the United States, based on final 2013 statistics.[97]

In terms of international passengers, as of 2012, LAX is the third busiest in the United States. (behind JFK in New York City and MIA in Miami)[98] and, as of 2006, 26th worldwide.[99]

The number of aircraft operations (landings and takeoffs) has steadily increased to 636,706 in 2014, up from 614,917 in 2013, according to the Federal Aviation Administration.[100] The Airports Council International places LAX at third most aircraft movements in the world, as of 2013.[101]

The LAX control tower and Theme Building as seen from Terminal 4
Traffic by calendar year
Passengers Aircraft movements Freight
(tons) 		Mail
(tons)
1994 51,050,275 689,888 1,516,567 186,878
1995 53,909,223 732,639 1,567,248 193,747
1996 57,974,559 763,866 1,696,663 194,091
1997 60,142,588 781,492 1,852,487 212,410
1998 61,215,712 773,569 1,787,400 264,473
1999 64,279,571 779,150 1,884,526 253,695
2000 67,303,182 783,433 2,002,614 246,538
2001 61,606,204 738,433 1,779,065 162,629
2002 56,223,843 645,424 1,869,932 92,422
2003 54,982,838 622,378 1,924,883 97,193
2004 60,704,568 655,097 2,022,911 92,402
2005 61,489,398 650,629 2,048,817 88,371
2006 61,041,066 656,842 2,022,687 80,395
2007 62,438,583 680,954 2,010,820 66,707
2008 59,815,646 622,506 1,723,038 73,505
2009 56,520,843 544,833 1,599,782 64,073
2010 59,069,409 575,835 1,852,791 74,034
2011 61,862,052 603,912 1,789,204 80,442
2012 63,688,121 605,480 1,867,155 88,438
2013 66,667,619 614,917 1,848,764 77,286
2014 70,662,212 636,706 1,921,302 79,850
Source: Los Angeles World Airports[102]

Top international destinations

Busiest routes from LAX (Jan-Dec 2013)[103]
Rank Airport Passengers Change 2012/2013 Carriers
1 London (Heathrow), United Kingdom 1,339,445 Decrease4.0% Air New Zealand, American, British Airways, United, Virgin Atlantic
2 Tokyo (Narita), Japan 1,180,227 Decrease7.3% ANA, American, Delta, JAL, Malaysia Airlines, Singapore Airlines, United
3 Sydney, Australia 1,067,179 Increase3.1% Delta, Qantas, United, Virgin Australia
4 Seoul (Incheon), South Korea 998,932 Increase4.3% Asiana, Korean Air, Thai Airways
5 Taipei (Taoyuan), Taiwan 881,530 Increase3.0% China Airlines, EVA Air
6 Mexico City, Mexico 769,068 Increase3.0% Aeroméxico, Alaska Airlines, United, Volaris
7 Vancouver, Canada 753,972 Increase1.3% Air Canada, Alaska Airlines, United, WestJet
8 Guadalajara, Mexico 740,325 Increase8.4% Aeroméxico, Alaska Airlines, Delta, United, Volaris
9 Paris (Charles de Gaulle), France 579,311 Increase2.9% Air France, Air Tahiti Nui
10 Toronto (Pearson), Canada 560,059 Increase3.0% Air Canada, American

Top domestic destinations

Busiest routes from LAX (February 2014 - January 2015)[104]
Rank Airport Passengers Carriers
1 San Francisco, California 1,817,000 American, Delta, Southwest, United, Virgin America
2 New York-John F. Kennedy, New York 1,620,000 American, Delta, JetBlue, United, Virgin America
3 Chicago-O'Hare, Illinois 1,203,000 American, Spirit, United, Virgin America
4 Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas 1,150,000 American, Spirit, United, Virgin America
5 Las Vegas, Nevada 1,137,000 American, Delta, Southwest, Spirit, United, Virgin America
6 Honolulu, Hawaii 1,093,000 Allegiant, American, Delta, Hawaiian, United
7 Seattle/Tacoma, Washington 973,000 Alaska, Delta, United, Virgin America
8 Denver, Colorado 923,000 American, Frontier, Southwest, United
9 Atlanta, Georgia 895,000 AirTran, Delta, Southwest
10 Phoenix, Arizona 788,000 American, Delta, Southwest, United, US Airways

Airport lounges

Ground transportation

One of the large LAX signs that greet visitors to Los Angeles International Airport. This sign is at the Century Boulevard entrance to the airport.

Freeways and roads

LAX's terminals are immediately west of the interchange between Century Boulevard and Sepulveda Boulevard (State Route 1). The 405 Freeway can be reached to the east via Century Boulevard, and the 105 Freeway can be reached to the south via Sepulveda Boulevard.

The 405 freeway near LAX.

Bus

LAX City Bus Center.

The closest bus stops to the terminals are the pair of opposites on Sepulveda and Century, served by Torrance 8, Metro 117, Metro 232, Commuter Express 574 and Metro 40 (owl service only).

In addition, out of a number of bus systems, many routes (local, rapid and express) of the LACMTA Metro 232 to Long Beach, Line 8 of Torrance Transit, Line 109 of Beach Cities Transit, the Santa Monica Big Blue Bus system's Line 3 and Rapid 3 via Lincoln Blvd to Santa Monica and the Culver CityBus's Line 6 and Rapid 6 via Sepulveda Blvd to Culver City and UCLA all make stops at the LAX Transit Center in Parking Lot C. on 96th St., where shuttle bus "C" offers free connections to and from every LAX terminal, and at the Green Line Station, where shuttle bus "G" connects to and from the terminals.

FlyAway Bus

FlyAway Bus at Los Angeles Union Station.

The FlyAway Bus is a motorcoach shuttle service run by the LAWA, which currently travels between one of three off-airport areas: San Fernando Valley (Van Nuys), downtown Los Angeles (Union Station), and the Westside (Westwood). The Irvine FlyAway was discontinued on August 31, 2012. The shuttle service stops at every LAX terminal. The service hours vary based on the line. All lines use the regional system of High Occupancy Vehicle lanes to expedite their trips.

Metro Rail

Shuttle bus "G" offers a free connection to and from the Aviation/LAX station on the Los Angeles Metro Rail Green Line. The line was originally intended to connect directly to the airport terminals, but budgetary restraints and opposition from local taxi and parking lot owners impeded its progress and won.

Airport Metro Connector

Part of the long term master plan for LAX and the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority calls for a direct transit Metro Rail infill station on the under constructed Crenshaw/LAX Line to connect to an Automated people mover system called the Airport Metro Connector, connecting terminals 1-8 to the metro stations, it will decrease the need for shuttle bus services. Construction is planned to start in 2017 and to be completed by early 2024.[106] Currently, shuttle bus "G" runs every 10–15 minutes (synched with the train schedule) from 5 am – 1:30 am. [107]

Taxis and private shuttles

Taxicab services are operated by nine city-authorized taxi companies and regulated by Authorized Taxicab Supervision Inc. (ATS). ATS maintains a taxicab holding lot under the 96th Street Bridge where, at peak periods, hundreds of cabs queue up to wait their turn to pull into the central terminal area to pick up passengers. A number of private shuttle companies also offer limousine and bus services to LAX Airport.

Coast Guard Air Station Los Angeles

The airport also functions as a joint civil-military facility, providing a base for the United States Coast Guard and its Coast Guard Air Station Los Angeles facility, operating four HH-65 Dolphin helicopters, which covers Coast Guard operations in various Southern California locations, including Catalina Island. Missions include search and rescue (SAR), law enforcement, aids to navigation support (such as operating lighthouses) and various military operations. In addition, Coast Guard helicopters assigned to the air station deploy to Coast Guard cutters.

The Coast Guard is planning to close Coast Guard Air Station Los Angeles and move its aircraft and personnel to Naval Air Station Point Mugu, part of Naval Base Ventura County in Oxnard, California, when the lease on the existing facility ends in 2016.[108][109]

Flight Path Learning Center & Museum

The light towers, first installed in preparation for the Democratic National Convention in 2000, change colors throughout the night.

The Flight Path Learning Center is a museum located at 6661 Imperial Highway and was formerly known as the "West Imperial Terminal". This building used to house some charter flights (Condor Airlines) and regular scheduled flights by MGM Grand Air. It sat empty for 10 years until it was re-opened as a learning center for LAX.

The center contains information on the history of aviation, several pictures of the airport, as well as aircraft scale models, flight attendant uniforms, and general airline memorabilia such as playing cards, china, magazines, signs, even a TWA gate information sign. The museum also offers school tours and a guest speaker program.

The museum's library contains an extensive collection of rare items such as aircraft manufacturer company newsletters/magazines, technical manuals for both military and civilian aircraft, industry magazines dating back to World War II and before, historic photographs and other invaluable references on aircraft operation and manufacturing.[110]

The museum has on display "The Spirit of Seventy-Six," which is a DC-3 (DC-3-262, Serial No. 3269). After being in commercial airline service, the plane served as a corporate aircraft for Union Oil Company for 32 years. The plane was built in the Douglas Aircraft Company plant in Santa Monica in January 1941, which was a major producer of both commercial and military aircraft.[111]

The museum claims to be "the only aviation museum and research center situated at a major airport and the only facility with a primary emphasis on contributions of civil aviation to the history and development of Southern California".[112] There are other museums at major airports, however, including the Udvar-Hazy Center of the National Air and Space Museum adjacent to Washington Dulles Airport, the Royal Thai Air Force Museum at Don Muang Airport, the Suomen ilmailumuseo (Finnish Aviation Museum) at Helsinki-Vantaa Airport, the Frontier of Flight Museum at Dallas Love Field, the Tulsa Air and Space Museum & Planetarium at Tulsa International Airport and others.

Other facilities

Hotels next to LAX.

The airport has the administrative offices of Los Angeles World Airports.[113]

Continental Airlines once had its corporate headquarters on the airport property. At a 1962 press conference in the office of Mayor of Los Angeles Sam Yorty, Continental Airlines announced that it planned to move its headquarters to Los Angeles in July 1963.[114] In 1963 Continental's headquarters moved to a two-story, $2.3 million building on the grounds of the airport.[115][116] The July 2009 Continental Magazine issue stated that the move "underlined Continental's western and Pacific orientation".[117] On July 1, 1983 the airline's headquarters were relocated to the America Tower in the Neartown area of Houston.[118]

In addition to Continental, Western Airlines and Flying Tiger Line also had their headquarters on the LAX property.[119][120]

Incidents and accidents

During its history there have been numerous incidents, but only the most notable are summarized below:[121]

1930s

1940s

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

Planned modernization

New Tom Bradley West International Terminal "Bon Voyage" screen that greets travelers about to depart through the expanded concourse.

LAWA currently has several plans to modernize LAX. These include terminal and runway improvements, which will enhance the passenger experience, reduce overcrowding, and provide airport access to the latest class of very large passenger aircraft.

These improvements[149] include:

LAWA is also planning to build and operate an automated people mover. This small train will include three stations in the central terminal area and three outside east of the terminals at a new intermodal transportation facility, connecting passengers between the central terminal area and the Metro Green Line, the future Metro Crenshaw Line, and regional and local bus lines and a consolidated car rental facility.[150]

In popular culture

Numerous films and television shows have been set or filmed partially at LAX, at least partly due to the airport's proximity to Hollywood studios. Film shoots at the Los Angeles airports, including LAX, produced $590 million for the Los Angeles region from 2002 to 2005.[151]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Delta Air Lines Newsroom - Global Network".
  2. ↑ The Business Journal – Fresno | Kings|Madera|Tulare
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Los Angeles International airport – Economic and social impacts". Ecquants. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
  4. ↑ FAA Airport Master Record for LAX (A&fn=LAX Form 5010 PDF). Retrieved March 15, 2007.
  5. ↑ "LAX Statistics - Passengers".
  6. ↑ http://www.latimes.com/local/cityhall/la-me-tourism-figures-20150107-story.html
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "LAX Airport Information: General Information". Los Angeles World Airports. Retrieved November 18, 2010.
  8. ↑ "Airport Traffic Reports". Airports Council International – North America. Retrieved August 19, 2012.
  9. ↑ "Aviation Facilities Company, Inc. :: Properties :: LAX". Afcoinc.com. Retrieved December 6, 2010.
  10. ↑ "LAX Early History". Los Angeles World Airports. Retrieved October 25, 2011.
  11. ↑ "LAX – Airport Information – General Description – Just the Facts". Lawa.org. Retrieved December 6, 2010.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 "Search history". Los Angeles World Airports. Retrieved March 21, 2008.
  13. ↑ Official Guide of the Airways 7/40 and American Aviation Air Traffic Guide 1/46, 12/46 and 6/47
  14. ↑ "backwards 1939 aerial view". Digitallibrary.usc.edu. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
  15. ↑ Aerial view looking south
  16. ↑ Airport diagrams for 1956 and 1965
  17. ↑ "Planes". Index of /. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
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  19. ↑ Aviation Week July 3, 1961 p40
  20. ↑ "Terminal area map from about 1961". Flickr.com. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
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  22. ↑ "Story About the Kinetic Light Installation at the Los Angeles International Airport". SeeTheGlobe.com. October 20, 2007. Retrieved July 31, 2009.
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Further reading

External links

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