Littorinidae
| Littorinidae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Two shells of the common periwinke Littorina littorea | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Caenogastropoda clade Hypsogastropoda clade Littorinimorpha |
| Superfamily: | Littorinoidea |
| Family: | Littorinidae Children, 1834[1] |
| Diversity[2] | |
| 2 freshwater species and numerous marine species. (There are altogether 222 species of Littorinidae mentioned in Wikipedia on 4 August 2010) | |
The Littorinidae are a taxonomic family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha, commonly known as periwinkles and found worldwide.
Names
In English-speaking countries of other parts of the world, gastropod molluscs from other families, such as the Neritidae, are sometimes also commonly known as "winkles" because they are small, round, snails that occupy a similar ecological niche.
Taxonomy
These subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):
- Subfamily Littorininae Children, 1834 - synonyms: Echinininae Rosewater, 1972; Tectariinae Rosewater, 1972; Melaraphidae Starobogatov & Sitnikova, 1983
- Subfamily Lacuninae Gray, 1857 - synonyms: Risellidae Kesteven, 1903; Cremnoconchinae Preston, 1915; Bembiciidae Finlay, 1928.
- Subfamily Laevilitorininae Reid, 1989
Genera
Genera within the family Littorinidae include:[3]
- Littorininae
- Afrolittorina Williams, Reid & Littlewood, 2003
- Austrolittorina Rosewater, 1970
- Cenchritis von Martens, 1900
- Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 - synonyms: Amerolittorina Reid, 2009;[4] Fossarilittorina Rosewater, 1981; Granulilittorina Habe & Kosuge, 1966; Lineolittorina Reid, 2009[4]
- Littoraria Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834 - 39 species
- Littorina Férussac, 1822 - 18 species - type genus
- Mainwaringia Nevill, 1885[5]
- Melarhaphe Menke, 1828
- Nodilittorina von Martens, 1897 - this genus proved to be polyphyletic and in 2003 was divided into:
- Echinolittorina - 59 species worldwide
- Austrolittorina - five species
- Afrolittorina - four species
- Nodilittorina s.s. - the monotypic subgenus[6]
- Peasiella - Nevill, 1885
- Tectarius Valenciennes, 1833 - 11 species, its synonym or subgenus includes: Echininus Clench & Abbott, 1942.
- Lacuninae
- Bembicium Philippi, 1846
- Cremnoconchus Blanford, 1869[5][7] - freshwater snails living in waterfalls.[2]
- Lacuna Turton, 1827 - synonym: Aquilonaria Dall, 1886
- Pellilitorina Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886
- Risellopsis Kesteven, 1902
- Laevilitorininae
- Laevilacunaria Powell, 1951
- Laevilitorina Pfeiffer, 1886
subfamily ?
- Synonyms
- Corneolitorina Powell, 1951: synonym of Laevilitorina (Laevilitorina) Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886 represented as Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886
- Haloconcha Dall, 1886 is a synonym for Lacunaria Dall, 1885
- Macquariella Finlay, 1926: synonym of Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886
- Rissolittorina Ponder, 1966: synonym of Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886
References
- ↑ Children J. G. (1834). Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. ed. 28: 110.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Strong E. E., Gargominy O., Ponder W. F. & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". Hydrobiologia 595: 149-166. hdl:10088/7390 doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6.
- ↑ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) : Littorinidae
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Reid D. G. (2009) "The genus Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the western Atlantic Ocean." Zootaxa 2184: 1-103. abstract
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 (file created 29 July 2010) FRESH WATER MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN INDIA. 11 pp. accessed 31 July 2010.
- ↑ S T Williams , D G Reid , D T J Littlewood (2003). "A molecular phylogeny of the Littorininae (Gastropoda: Littorinidae): unequal evolutionary rates, morphological parallelism, and biogeography of the Southern Ocean.". Mol Phylogenet Evol. 1 (1): 60–86. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00038-1. PMID 12801472.
- ↑ Blanford W. T. (1869). "Notes on some Indian and Mascarene Land-Shells". Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4)3: 340-344. page 343.
- "Littorinidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
- Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
Further reading
David G. Reid, Suzanne T. Williams (2004). "The subfamily Littorininae in the Temperate Southern Hemisphere: the genera Nodilittorina, Austrolittorina and Afrolittorina" (PDF). Record of the Australian Museum 56: 75–122. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.56.2004.1393.
External links
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