Littlebredy

Littlebredy

Parish church of St Michael and All Angels
Littlebredy
 Littlebredy shown within Dorset
Population 121 [1]
OS grid referenceSY588890
DistrictWest Dorset
Shire countyDorset
RegionSouth West
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Police Dorset
Fire Dorset
Ambulance South Western
EU Parliament South West England
UK ParliamentWest Dorset
WebsiteVillage website
List of places
UK
England
Dorset

Coordinates: 50°41′57″N 2°34′58″W / 50.6992°N 2.5828°W

Bridehead House

Littlebredy (also written Little Bredy, pronounced "Briddy"[2]) is a small village and civil parish in the English county of Dorset, situated in the West Dorset administrative district approximately 6.5 miles (10.5 km) west of the county town Dorchester. It is sited at the head of the valley of the small River Bride, surrounded by wooded chalk hills of the Dorset Downs. The parish contains the Valley of Stones National Nature Reserve and is in an area rich with evidence of early human occupation. In the 2011 census it had a population of 121.

History

The area around Littlebredy is rich with evidence of early human occupation, including stone circles, strip lynchets, tumuli (long and round barrows) and a probable hill fort.[3][4][5][6] North and east of the village the density of barrows is as great as the area around Stonehenge.[7] One mile north of the village and just outside the parish is a group of 44 Bronze Age round barrows of various sizes, known as Winterbourne Poor Lot Barrows or just Poor Lot.[3][6][8] On a hill immediately south of the village are the earthworks of Old Warren (or Danes' Camp), which most likely was a univallate (single rampart) Iron Age hill fort.[9] Old Warren may later have been used as a burh in the time of Alfred the Great, though it may have been not completed, or abandoned in favour of a site at what is now Bridport.[7][9][10]

Records from the 10th century refer to the area as 'Bridian' or 'Brydian'[7][10] and in 1086 Littlebredy specifically was recorded in the Domesday Book as 'Litelbride'.[11] The words 'Bride' and 'Bredy' derive from the Celtic for a torrential, gushing stream; the addition of 'Little' distinguishes the parish from the larger neighbouring parish of Long Bredy.[3][4]

Littlebredy was owned by Cerne Abbey until the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the 16th century, when the Abbey sold its land to Philip Vanwilder. The estate subsequently passed to the Freke family of Iwerne Courtney and then Sir Robert Meller (or Mellor)[2] of Winterborne Came,[4] who built Bridehead House in the early 17th century.[2][4] In 1730 the estate was bought by the Meech family who in 1797 sold it to wealthy banker Robert Williams from Hertfordshire.[4]

During the 19th century the Williams family—headed by four successive Roberts who all became Members of Parliament[12]—made substantial changes to the estate. The architects Peter Frederick Robinson and then Benjamin Ferrey were employed. Bridehead House was extended and altered by Robinson in 1830—33, then extended further by Ferrey a few years later. The River Bride was dammed near its source to create a lake as part of landscaping around the house.[3][13] Ferrey also designed new cottages to form an estate village and provided plans for restoring the parish church, including adding a spire to its 14th-century tower.[2][4][12] Some Jacobean buildings in the village were also changed around this time, being reworked into a Gothic farmyard or stable block.[3][4] Ferrey's plan for the church—which involved virtually rebuilding it—was implemented in 1847 under the supervision of the third Robert Williams' brother-in-law, Arthur Acland, who also had an architectural input.[4][12]

In the churchyard is a memorial to Frederic Wallis, Bishop of Wellington, New Zealand, who married into the Williams family. It is made from the wood of a tree sent specially from New Zealand.[14]

Frederic Wallis memorial in the churchyard (base not shown)

Government

Littlebredy is in the West Dorset parliamentary constituency and is currently represented in the House of Commons by Oliver Letwin.

In local government, Dorset County Council is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services including social services, public transport, police and fire services, trading standards and strategic planning. West Dorset District Council is responsible for areas such as planning decisions and building control, local roads, environmental health, refuse collection and recycling. Littlebredy currently does not have a parish council (the lowest tier of local government), but it does have parish meetings.[15]

Geography

Littlebredy village is sited between 85 and 110 metres above sea-level[6] at the head of the small River Bride, surrounded by wooded chalk hills of the Dorset Downs. It is situated within the West Dorset administrative district and, measured directly, is 6.5 miles (10.5 km) west of the county town Dorchester, 8 miles (13 km) east of Bridport, 8 miles (13 km) northwest of Weymouth and 3.5 miles (5.6 km) north of the English Channel. The nearest railway stations are Maiden Newton, Dorchester West, Dorchester South, Upwey and Weymouth, which are all within a direct radius of 8.5 miles (13.7 km). The nearest main road is the A35 trunk road approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) to the north.[16] All of Littlebredy parish lies within the Dorset Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.[17]

The Valley of Stones

Valley of Stones

In the south of the parish is the Valley of Stones, which in 1906 was described by Sir Frederick Treves as "a mysterious glen among the downs, on whose grassy slopes many huge stones are scattered."[3][18] In prehistoric times it was used as a source of building material for nearby constructions such as tombs and stone circles, and within 4 miles are two thirds of all such structures in the county.[12][19] Folklore attibutes the origin of the stones to have been two giants playing stone-throwing games,[20] but they are the result of conditions at the end of the last ice age, when freezing and thawing caused sandstone on surrounding hilltops to break up and slump downhill. They form one of the best British examples of a sarsen stone boulder train. The stones and the surrounding dry chalk valley provide habitats for a variety of flora and fauna—including clustered bellflower, autumn gentian, lichens, bryophytes and the adonis blue butterfly—and the area is designated a National Nature Reserve.[19]

Demography

In the 2011 census Littlebredy civil parish had 53 dwellings,[21] 45 households and a population of 121.[1]

The population of the parish in the censuses between 1921 and 2001 is shown in the table below:

Census Population of Littlebredy Parish 1921—2001 (except 1941)
Census 1921 1931 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
Population 136 158 132 101 80 80 100 90
Source:Dorset County Council[22]

In the 1861 census the parish had 41 inhabited dwellings and a population of 199.[23]

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Area: Littlebredy (Parish), Key Figures for 2011 Census: Key Statistics". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 22 February 2014.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Ken Ayres (January 2010). "Bridehead revisited". Dorset Life Magazine. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Roland Gant (1980). Dorset Villages. Robert Hale Ltd. pp. 161–163. ISBN 0 7091 8135 3.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 "Little Bredy". Dorset OPC Project. Retrieved 21 February 2014.
  5. ↑ West Dorset, Holiday and Tourist Guide. West Dorset District Council. c. 1983. p. 10.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Pathfinder Series of Great Britain, Sheet SY 49/59 Bridport, published 1977
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Extracts from C.J. Bailey's Book "The Bride Valley"". Burton Bradstock ONLINE Committee. 1982, 1999–2013. Retrieved 24 February 2014. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ↑ "Winterbourne Poor Lot Barrows". English Heritage. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Old Warren". Pastscape. English Heritage. 2007. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "'Bredy, Little', An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in Dorset, Volume 1: West (1952), pp. 37-39". British History Online. University of London & History of Parliament Trust. 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  11. ↑ "Dorset H—R". The Domesday Book Online. domesdaybook.co.uk. 1999–2013. Retrieved 21 February 2014.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 "Little Bredy". Dorset Ancestors. 11 November 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2014.
  13. ↑ "Little Bredy (Littlebredy)". weymouth-dorset.co.uk. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  14. ↑ "Little Bredy, St. Michael & All Angels". The Dorset Historic Churches Trust. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
  15. ↑ "Littlebredy Parish Meeting". Dorset County Council. Retrieved 21 February 2014.
  16. ↑ John Bartholomew & Son Ltd 1:100,000 National Map Series, Sheet 4 Dorset, published 1980
  17. ↑ "Dorset AONB Map". Dorset AONB Partnership. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  18. ↑ Sir Frederick Treves (1906). Highways and Byways in Dorset. Macmillan & Co Ltd. pp. 247–8.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Valley of Stones NNR". Natural England. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  20. ↑ Maureen Hymas (1981). Dorset Folklore. Books of Wessex Ltd. p. 33. ISBN 0-90157550-X.
  21. ↑ "Area: Littlebredy (Parish), Dwellings, Household Spaces and Accommodation Type, 2011 (KS401EW)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 22 February 2014.
  22. ↑ "Parishes (A-L), 1921-2001- Census Years". Dorset County Council. 17 March 2010. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
  23. ↑ "Parish of Little Bredy, 1861 Census". Dorset OPC Project. Retrieved 24 February 2014.

External links

Media related to Littlebredy at Wikimedia Commons