Listrura

Listrura
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Siluriformes
Family: Trichomycteridae
Subfamily: Glanapteryginae
Genus: Listrura
de Pinna, 1988
Type species
Listrura nematopteryx
de Pinna, 1988

Listrura is a genus of pencil catfishes native to South America.

Taxonomy

Listrura was first described in 1988 for two species from southeastern Brazil, the first record of the subfamily Glanapteryginae outside of the Amazon River basin.[1] It was described for the species L. nematopteryx and L. camposi; L. camposi had been assigned to the genus Eremophilus, while L. nematopteryx had been misidentified as another species of Eremophilus.[2] L. tetraradiata was described in 2002 from the Rio de Janeiro State in Brazil.[2] L. boticario was described later in 2002 from southern Brazil.[1] L. picinguabae was described in 2006.[3] This genus is currently monophyletic.[1]

With the description of L. tetraradiata in 2003, it was hypothesized that L. tetraradiata possibly constitutes the sister group to a clade comprising the only other two previously described species of Listrura, L. camposi and L. nematopteryx.[2] As of 2006, two species of Listrura, L. camposi and L. boticario, were known only from their holotypes. The lack of osteological information for these species impedes a complete analysis of phylogenetic relationships within the genus. It was hypothesized that L. nematopteryx and L. picinguabae comprise a monophyletic assemblage, given the fact that the pectoral fin of these species consists of a single ray and the ray is in the form of a long filament, a condition not present in any other trichomycterids thus far described.[3]

Listura is the most basal member of the subfamily Glanapteryginae; it is sister to a clade formed by the other three genera, Glanapteryx, Pygidianops, and Typhlobelus.[1]

Species

There are currently 7 recognized species in this genus:

Distribution

Listrura is endemic to small coastal river basins of southeastern Brazil.[2] L. boticario originates from Da Figueira and Guaraqueçaba River basins, Paraná State. L. camposi inhabits the Poço Grande River, a tributary of the Juquiá River in the São Paulo State, and Ribeirão da Ilha of Florianópolis in Santa Catarina State. L. nematopteryx is distributed in the Imbariê Creek and basin of the Estrela River system of Piabetá in the Rio de Janeiro State, and Picinguaba in the São Paulo State.[6] L. picinguabae is only known from small tributaries to the da Fazenda River in the São Paulo State.[3] L. tetraradiata is from the Ibicuíba River of the Araruama Lagoon system.[6]

Description

The body is elongate and may be cylindrical. These fish have three pairs of barbels. The mouth is subterminal. These fish are lacking in pelvic fins. The caudal fin is rounded. The caudal skeleton is compact and fused.[3][2] Listura species grow to about 3.7–4.9 centimetres (1.5–1.9 in) SL.[7][8][9][10][11]

Ecology

Listrura occur in shallow-water leaf-litter deposits underlain by mud or deeper layers of leaf litter. Listrura inhabits extremely small, shallow, and temporary water bodies, marginal to main water courses covered with vegetation; no species of Listrura is known to occur in creeks or rivers, except apparently as stray or colonizing specimens.[1] L. picinguabae inhabits narrow and shallow (about 20 cm or 12 in deep) streams in dense tropical forest; it is encountered buried in the litter bottom.[3] L. tetraradiata has been found in small, clear water forest streams; these habitats are shallow (about 40 cm or 16 in deep), with large rocks on the banks and gravel and sand on the bottom. L. tetraradiata has been found to have copepods, insect larvae, and mites in their stomach contents.[2]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Schaefer, Scott A.; Provenzano, Francisco; de Pinna, Mario; Baskin, Jonathan N. (November 29, 2005). "New and Noteworthy Venezuelan Glanapterygine Catfishes (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae), with Discussion of Their Biogeography and Psammophily" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (3496): 1–27. Retrieved 2009-06-25.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Landim, Maria Isabel; Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2002). Schaefer, S. A., ed. "Listrura tetraradiata (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae): A New Glanapterygine Catfish from the Southeastern Brazilian Coastal Plains". Copeia 2002 (1): 152–156. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2002)002[0152:LTSTAN]2.0.CO;2.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Villa-Verde, Leandro; Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2006). "A new glanapterygine catfish of the genus Listrura (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the southeastern Brazilian coastal plains" (PDF). Zootaxa 1142: 43–50. Retrieved 2009-06-25.
  4. ↑ Villa-Verde, L., Lazzarotto, H. & Lima, S.M.Q. (2012): A new glanapterygine catfish of the genus Listrura (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from southeastern Brazil, corroborated by morphological and molecular data. Neotropical Ichthyology, 10 (3): 527-538.
  5. ↑ Villa-Verde, L., Ferrer, J. & Malabarba, L.R. (2014): A New Species of Listrura from Laguna dos Patos System, Brazil: The Southernmost Record of the Glanapteryginae (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae). Copeia, 2013 (4) [2014]: 641-646.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Ferraris, Carl J., Jr. (2007). "Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types" (PDF). Zootaxa 1418: 1–628. Retrieved 2009-06-25.
  7. ↑ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2007). "Listrura boticario" in FishBase. July 2007 version.
  8. ↑ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2007). "Listrura camposi" in FishBase. July 2007 version.
  9. ↑ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2007). "Listrura nematopteryx" in FishBase. July 2007 version.
  10. ↑ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2007). "Listrura picinguabae" in FishBase. July 2007 version.
  11. ↑ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2007). "Listrura tetraradiata" in FishBase. July 2007 version.