List of unclassified languages of South America

Campbell & Grondona

Campbell & Grondona (2012:116-130) list the following 395 languages of South America as unclassified. Most are extinct.[1] Many were drawn from Loukotka (1968)[2] and Adelaar & Muysken (2004).[3] The majority are not listed in Ethnologue. The list is arranged in alphabetical order.

Some of the greater families of South America: dark spots are language isolates or quasi-isolate, grey spots unclassified languages or languages with doubtful classification.

Ethnologue

Ethnologue 17 lists the following languages of South America as unclassified:

See also

References

  1. Campbell, Lyle, and Verónica Grondona (eds). 2012. The indigenous languages of South America: a comprehensive guide. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
  2. Loukotka, Čestmír. 1968. Classification of South American Indian Languages Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, UCLA.
  3. Adelaar, Willem F.H., and Pieter C. Muysken. 2004. The Languages of the Andes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  4. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Colima". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
  5. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Idabaez". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
  6. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Kantarure". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
  7. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Muzo". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
  8. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Panche". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
  9. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Querandi". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
  10. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Quillacinga". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.