List of trolleybus systems
This is a list of cities where trolleybuses operate, or operated in the past, as part of the public transport system. The original list has been divided to improve user-friendliness and to reduce article size. Separate lists—separate articles in Wikipedia—have been made for the following countries:
- Europe (Note: countries not listed here are included in this article; see Contents table below)
- North America
- South America
This page also provides references and links for all parts of the list.
Africa
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
el-Jazair ولاية الجزائر /Algiers |
-
1934 |
-
1974 |
Construction started 1914, not completed.
- |
|
Qusantînah قسنطينة /Constantine |
-
1921 |
-
1963 (?) |
Construction started 1914, not completed.
- |
|
Wahran وهران /Oran |
17 May 1939 |
1969 (?) |
|
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
el-Qāhirah القاهرة /Cairo |
1950 |
22 October 1981 |
|
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
ad-Dār al-Bayḍāʼ الدار البيضاء /Casablanca |
1932 |
May 1972 |
|
|
Tétouan تطوان /Tetouan |
Apr 1950 |
Nov 1975 |
Suburban line to Martil. |
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Tūnis تونس /Tunis |
1945 |
1970 |
|
Asia
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Kabul کابل |
Feb 1979 |
1993 |
Closed because of war damage. Reopening was planned (2003),[1][2] but never came to fruition. |
Trolleybus sign in China
- Note for Kobuleti ქობულეთი: Construction started 1990 - 1991 of interurban line to Makhinjauri (terminus of a line from Batumi ბათუმი), not completed.
- Note: In Kolkata কলকাতা (Calcutta), trial operation with a single trolleybus on a short test line took place in 1977.
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
Shin-Hanayashiki Onsen-tochi (新花屋敷温泉土地) |
Hanayashiki (花屋敷) |
1 August 1928 |
April 1932 |
Hanayashiki is part of Kawanishi, Hyogo [8] |
Kawasaki-shiei Trolleybus (川崎市営トロリーバス) |
Kawasaki |
1 March 1951 |
30 April 1964 |
[9] |
Kanden Tunnel Trolleybus |
Ōgizawa Station – Kurobe Dam |
1 August 1964 |
|
See note. |
Tateyama Tunnel Trolleybus |
Daikanbō – Murodō |
23 April 1996 |
|
See note. |
Kyōto-shiei Trolleybus (京都市営トロリーバス) |
Kyoto |
1 April 1932 |
30 September 1969 |
[8] |
Nagoya-shiei Trolleybus (名古屋市営トロリーバス) |
Nagoya |
10 May 1943 |
15 January 1951 |
[9] |
Ōsaka-shiei Trolleybus (大阪市営トロリーバス) |
Osaka |
1 September 1953 |
14 June 1970 |
[8] |
Toei Trolleybus (都営トロリーバス) |
Tokyo |
20 May 1952 |
28 September 1968 |
[9] |
Yokohama-shiei Trolleybus (横浜市営トロリーバス) |
Yokohama |
16 July 1959 |
31 March 1972 |
[9] |
Notes for the two tunnel trolleybus lines:
Both lines are part of the Tateyama Kurobe Alpine Route. This passes through Chūbu-Sangaku National Park (also known in English as "Japan Alps National Park").
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Aqtöbe |
11 August 1982 |
August(?) 2013 |
Service suspended February till 12 June 2013. |
|
Almaty |
20 April 1944 |
|
|
|
Astana |
18 January 1983 |
30 September 2008 |
|
|
Atyrau |
4 September 1996 |
29 April 1999 |
|
|
Novaya Bukhtarma |
Dec 1974 |
1980 |
|
|
Petropavl |
20 November 1971 |
01 June 2014 |
|
|
Karaganda |
30 May 1967 |
20 April 2010 |
|
|
Qostanay |
2 January 1990 |
2005? |
Reported as closed during 2005;[10] not known whether closure is permanent. |
|
Shymkent |
11 January 1969 |
October 2005 |
Some operation reported during 2005, none during 2006.[10] |
|
Taraz |
10 April 1980 |
End of 2013 |
Service suspended from End of 2013. Officially service not closed. |
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Bishkek |
13 January 1951 |
|
|
|
Naryn |
13 December 1994 |
|
Service suspends every summer, June till September. |
|
Osh |
1 November 1977 |
|
|
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Ulaγan Baγatar / Улаанбаатар /Ulaanbaatar |
29 October 1987 |
|
|
Trolleybus in Kathmandu in 1993
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Anju 안주 (安州) |
|
|
Opened between 1986 and 1990, perhaps 1989. Assumed route |
|
Ch'ŏngjin 청진 (淸津) |
20 October 1970 |
|
|
|
Haeju 해주 (海州) |
Apr 1986 |
|
|
|
Hamhŭng 함흥 (咸興) |
Apr 1976 (?) |
|
Three branches. Assumed routes |
|
Kanggye 강계 (江界) |
17 April 1992 |
|
A single trolleybus line via a riverbank. Assumed route |
|
Kapsan 갑산 (甲山) |
12 October 1994 |
|
|
|
Kimch'aek 김책 (金策) |
17 May 1985 |
|
|
|
Kimkol |
10 April 1986 |
|
Connects Kimkol railway station with coal mine at Markyn, South Pyong'an Province, exact location unknown. |
|
Kowŏn 고원 (高原) |
Jul 1979 |
|
|
|
Nampho 남포 (南浦) |
|
|
From a video filmed in Nampho in September 2013, there is clear evidence that the system is still in operation. [12] |
|
P'yŏngsŏng 평성 (平城) |
4(?) Aug 1983 |
|
A single line. Assumed route |
|
P'yŏngyang 평양 (平壤) |
30 April 1962 |
|
See Trolleybuses in Pyongyang. |
|
♦ Sangwŏn 상원 (祥原) |
29(?) March 1995 |
|
Connects residential district to cement works. Sangwŏn-gun is part of Pyongyang city. |
|
Ryongdae |
10 June 1993 |
|
Connects Ryongdae railway station with coal mine, South Pyong'an Province. |
|
Ryongdung |
4 November 1983 |
|
Connects Ryongdung railway station with coal mine, North Pyong'an Province. |
|
Sangnong-Ni |
1993 |
|
Connects local town with coal mine. Assumed route |
|
Sariwon 리원 (沙里院) |
|
Unknown if the system is still in operation as of May 2011 (?) |
As of May 2011 operation looked abandoned. There is a photo of an Ikarus trolleybus in Sariwon from the internet that was uploaded on 7th September, 2011. However, the photo cannot give any answers of whether the system is still in operation as the trolley poles of the trolleybus was not attaching to the trolley wires.[13] Assumed route |
|
Sinŭiju 신의주 (新義州) |
|
|
Opened between 1977 and 1980, perhaps 1978. |
|
Sunch'ŏn 순천 (順天) |
|
|
Opened between 1986 and 1990, perhaps 1989. |
|
Tŏkch'ŏn 덕천 (德川) |
27 April 1990 |
|
|
|
Unhŭng 운흥 (雲興) |
Aug 1988 |
|
Ryanggang Province. |
|
Wŏnsan 원산 (元山) |
8 September 1988 |
|
A single line via city's main thoroughfare. Assumed route |
- Note: It is speculated that other trolleybus systems are located at:
- Songrim 송림 (松林) (opened 1993 ?)
Confirmation is lacking (Tarkhov and Merzlov).
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Manila |
Feb 1929 |
Dec 1941 |
|
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Colombo |
22 July 1953 |
1 December 1964 |
|
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Dushanbe / Душанбе |
2 May 1955 |
|
See Trolleybuses in Dushanbe. |
|
Khujand / Хуҷанд / Khodzhent |
3 November 1970 |
September 2010 |
Service suspended 15 May 2008 - 17 August 2009. Since ~2006 service extremely unstable due to power outages. Officially service closed in April 2013. |
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Ankara |
1946 |
1981 |
|
İstanbul Elektrik Tramvay ve Tünel İşletmeleri Genel Müdürlüğü |
Istanbul |
27 May 1961 |
16 July 1984 |
Trolleybuses operated only on European side.[15] |
|
İzmir |
July 1954 |
Sep 1992 |
See Trolleybuses in Izmir. |
|
Malatya |
10 March 2015 |
|
|
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Andijon /Andijan |
30 April 1970 |
June 2002 |
|
|
Buxoro /Bukhara |
1 December 1987 |
September 2005[16] |
|
|
♦ Buxoro - Kagan |
|
|
Reported as complete but not yet open (Trolleybus Magazine). |
|
Jizzax /Jizzakh |
26 August 1997 |
3 January 2010 |
|
|
Farg'ona /Ferghana |
23 February 1971 |
July 2003 |
Service suspended 1999 - March 2002. |
|
♦ Farg'ona /Ferghana - Margilan |
1971 |
1999? |
|
|
Namangan |
4 April 1973 |
3 January 2010 |
In service ~2001? - 2010 only interurban line (see below) |
|
♦ Namangan - Turaqorgon / Turakurgan |
~2001? |
3 January 2010 |
Construction started in 1996 |
|
Nuqus /Nukus |
14 December 1991 |
July 2007 |
|
|
Olmaliq /Almalyk |
20 December 1967 |
February 2009 |
Service closed after serious accident at the electro substation. Service also worked in May 2009 (3 days, after was 2nd serious accident). |
|
Samarqand /Samarkand |
20 December 1957 |
Summer? 2005 |
|
|
Toshkent /Tashkent |
7 November 1947 |
30 April 2010 |
|
|
♦ Urganch /Urgench - Xiva / Khiva |
20 October 1997 |
|
See Trolleybuses in Urgench. |
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Hà Nội (河内) /Hanoi |
15 December 1986 |
15 Julу 1993 |
|
Europe
Goods (freight) line (trolleytruck):
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Sankt Lambrecht |
16 November 1945 |
21 April 1951 |
Limited passenger service operated . |
- Note: Plans were announced in 2001 for new systems in:
Баранавiчы / Барановичи (Baranavichy / Baranovichi)
Барысаў / Borisov (Barysaw / Borisov)
Ліда / Лида (Lida)
Маладзечна / Молодечно (Maladzechna / Molodechno)
Наваполацк / Новополоцк (Navapolatsk / Novopolotsk)
Орша (Orsha)
Пінск / Пинск (Punsk)
Полацк / Полоцк (Polatsk / Polotsk)
Салігорск / Солигорск (Salihorsk / Soligorsk)
(Trolleybus Magazine)
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Antwerpen (Anvers) /Antwerp |
14 August 1929 |
31 March 1964 |
|
- Note: The Brussels-Capital Region is not a province. Neither does it belong to one, nor does it contain any.
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Gent /Ghent |
24 March 1989 |
14 June 2009 |
Operation suspended 9 April 2004 – 17 October 2005. |
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Liège |
31 July 1930 |
9 November 1971 |
|
RELSE |
♦ Liège - Seraing |
15 May 1936 |
31 August 1964 |
This system operated a unique group of double-ended trolleybuses with driving positions at both ends.[18] |
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
GRAS Sarajevo |
Sarajevo |
23 November 1984 |
|
Operation suspended April 1992 - 27 November 1995 because of war. |
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Rijeka |
27 October 1951 |
16 August 1969 |
|
|
Split |
1944 |
1972 |
|
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
KS |
København /Copenhagen |
21 May 1938
2 August 1993 |
15 October 1963
Oct 1998 |
Also 1902 demonstration.[20][21] |
NESA |
♦ Hellerup, København |
1 February 1927 |
17 October 1971 |
|
OS |
Odense |
8 August 1939 |
19 November 1959 |
[22] |
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
Tallinna Trammi- ja Trollibussikoondis (TTTK) |
Tallinn |
6 July 1965 |
|
[23] |
|
Tartu |
1936 |
1936 |
Demonstration/test line.[24] |
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Helsinki /Helsingfors |
5 February 1949
7 April 1979 |
14 June 1974
30 October 1985 |
[25][26] |
|
Tampere /Tammerfors |
8 December 1948 |
15 May 1976 |
[27] |
Preserved vintage FIAT trolleybus in Piraeus
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
ILPAP |
Athens |
27 December 1953 |
|
|
ILPAP |
Piraeus |
1948[6] |
|
Service connection with Athens network built 1988. Piraeus system now operated as part of Athens system. |
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Budapest |
16 December 1933
21 December 1949 |
21 September 1944
- |
|
|
Debrecen |
2 July 1985 |
|
|
|
Szeged |
1 May 1979 |
|
|
Trans-Alfa "Lider" (VMZ-5298.00) in
Bălți
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Bălţi /Balti |
12 June 1972 |
|
|
|
Chişinău /Chisinau |
12 October 1949 |
|
See Trolleybuses in Chișinău |
|
Solonceni |
1 May 1992 |
3 January 1994 |
2.9-km line connecting residential area of Solonceni village to administrative and employment centers.[31] |
|
Tighina / Тигина (Russian: Bendery / Бендеры) |
1996 |
|
|
|
Tiraspol |
1 November 1967 |
|
|
|
♦ Tiraspol - Tighina |
19 June 1993 |
|
|
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Groningen |
27 June 1927 |
9 November 1965 |
|
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
(Rotterdam) |
|
|
see note. |
- Note for Rotterdam: Trolleybus overhead installed in the Maas tunnel in 1941, on instructions from German military authorities. Not used.
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
(Amadora) |
|
|
New system in planning (2009). The plans were cancelled in early 2012.[36] |
|
Braga |
28 May 1963 |
10 September 1979 |
|
|
Coimbra |
16 August 1947 |
|
See Trolleybuses in Coimbra. |
|
Porto |
1 January 1959 |
27 December 1997 |
|
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Baia Mare |
16 February 1996 |
|
|
|
Brăila |
23 August 1989 |
1999 |
|
part of the RAT network |
Braşov |
1 May 1959 |
|
|
|
Bucureşti |
10 November 1949 |
|
|
|
Cluj-Napoca |
7 November 1959 |
|
|
|
Constanţa |
5 July 1959 |
3 December 2010 |
|
|
Craiova |
9 May 1943 |
Oct 1944 |
New trolleybus system is planned (2008). |
|
Galaţi |
23 August 1989 |
|
|
|
Iaşi |
1 May 1985 |
4 March 2006 |
|
|
Mediaş |
22 December 1989 |
|
|
|
Piatra Neamţ |
22 December 1995 |
|
System includes suburban lines to Dumbrava Rosie and Savinesti. |
|
Ploieşti |
1 September 1997 |
|
|
|
Satu Mare |
15 November 1994 |
2005 |
|
|
Sibiu |
4 August 1904 |
18 October 1904 |
|
17 August 1983 |
14 November 2009[37] |
See also Tursib, the system's operator after mid-1998. |
|
Slatina |
30 May 1996 |
31 December 2005 |
|
|
Suceava |
15 August 1987 |
2 April 2006 |
|
|
Târgovişte |
4 January 1995 |
2005 |
|
|
Târgu Jiu |
20 June 1995 |
|
System includes interurban line to Barsesti. |
RATT |
Timişoara |
15 November 1942 |
|
|
|
Vaslui |
1 May 1994 |
7 July 2009 |
Under complete reconstruction, planned to reopen in 2014 [38] |
New Belgrade trolleybus
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Beograd / Београд /Belgrade |
22 June 1947 |
|
|
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Banská Bystrica |
24 August 1989 |
|
Operation was suspended 1 January 2006 – 10 November 2007. |
|
Bratislava |
19 July 1909
31 July 1941 |
1915
- |
|
|
Košice |
27 September 1993 |
Pause |
It´s only pause, because correcting leadership |
|
Poprad |
2 August 1904 |
1907 |
|
|
Prešov |
13 May 1962 |
|
|
|
Žilina |
17 November 1994 |
|
|
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Ljubljana |
6 October 1951 |
4 September 1971 |
|
|
Piran |
24 October 1909 |
19 July 1912 |
The first trolleybus system in the Balkans. |
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Göteborg /Gothenburg |
2 October 1940 |
14 November 1964 |
. |
|
Landskrona |
27 September 2003 |
|
[39] . |
|
Linköping |
1989 |
- |
Demonstration. |
|
Stockholm |
20 January 1941 |
30 August 1964 |
. |
|
Västerås |
11 November 1938 |
1948 |
1 km demonstration line . |
See Asia section of list, above. Although trolleybuses served the European part of Istanbul, the country's two other trolleybus systems were located in the Asian part of Turkey.
Trolleybuses in Wellington, New Zealand
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Sydney: |
|
|
See also Trolleybuses in Sydney. |
|
♦ City |
22 January 1934 |
12 April 1948 |
|
|
♦ Kogarah |
3 July 1937 |
29 August 1959 |
|
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
Western Australian Government Tramways (1 October 1933 to June 1960) Metropolitan (Perth) Passenger Transport Trust (June 1960 to 29 August 1969) |
Perth |
1 October 1933 |
29 August 1969 |
See also Trolleybuses in Perth, Western Australia. |
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
Farmers Trading Company |
Auckland |
19 December 1938 |
|
Private; absorbed by ATB 1960s |
Auckland Transport Board |
Auckland |
24 September 1949 |
26 September 1980 |
|
Christchurch Tramway Board |
Christchurch |
5 July 1931 |
8 November 1956 |
|
New Plymouth City Council |
New Plymouth |
30 October 1950 |
7 October 1967 |
|
Dunedin City Transport & Electricity Department |
Dunedin |
24 December 1950 |
31 March 1982 |
World's southernmost trolleybus system. |
Wellington City Council |
Wellington |
29 September 1924 20 June 1949 |
May 1932 - |
See also Trolleybuses in Wellington. |
United States (Territories only, in Oceania)
Hawaii (Territory of)
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
Honolulu Rapid Transit Company Limited |
Honolulu |
1936 |
- |
Demonstration |
1 January 1938 |
22 June 1957 |
|
North America
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
(La Habana /Havana) |
(18 September 1949) |
? |
Test operation, see note. |
- Note: Tests began 18 September 1949 along tramway lines using "all-service vehicles" (dual-mode buses) purchased secondhand from Newark, New Jersey, US. The tests did not involve building new or converting existing supply because Havana's tramway had twin-wire overhead. Regular service was not operated.
- Note: The Mexico City trolleybus system was long thought to have opened in April 1952, but is now known to have opened more than a year earlier, in March 1951.[41][42] Previous to that, there was an experimental line, for testing without passengers, in 1947 or 1948.
South America
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Valparaíso |
31 December 1952 |
|
Operation suspended 1 December 1981 - circa May 1982, reopening after sold to a new, private operator.[43][44] See also Trolleybuses in Valparaíso. |
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
ENT/ETCE |
Santiago |
31 October 1947 |
ca. November 1978 |
Also experimental operation in 1940[6] with a single vehicle.[45] |
ETS |
24 December 1991 |
9 July 1994[46] |
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Bogotá |
12 April 1948 |
15 August 1991 |
|
|
Medellín |
12 October 1929 |
1951 |
Also: An experimental trolleybus line, using one vehicle, operated on the campus of the Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana from 30 November 2011 until December 2012.[47] A trolleybus system for Medellín is proposed (as of 2013).[48] |
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Lima |
July 1928 |
13 June 1931 |
|
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
|
Port of Spain |
1 October 1941 |
31 December 1956 |
|
Name of Companies |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
AMDET (1951–1976) COOPTROL (1975–1992) |
Montevideo |
28 March 1951 |
26 January 1992 |
|
Name of System |
Location |
Date (From) |
Date (To) |
Notes |
Transbarca |
(Barquisimeto) |
|
|
Partially constructed, 2006–2012 (not continuously), and very limited demonstration service operated on one section from November 2012 to circa early 2013, but system did not open for regular service, and project was cancelled in July 2013.[49] See Trolleybus usage by country#Venezuela for more information. |
Tranvías Eléctricos de Caracas |
Caracas |
July 1937 |
1949 (?) |
|
Tromerca |
Mérida |
18 June 2007 |
|
Introductory service, Sundays only, started 26 November 2006. System opened (regular, daily service) on 18 June 2007.[50] See also Trolleybuses in Mérida. |
|
Valencia |
1941 |
1947 (?) |
|
See also
References
- ↑ "Czech consortium to rebuild Kabul trolleybus network", Agence France-Presse, 8 November 2003.
- ↑ Trolleybus Magazine No. 254, March–April 2004, p. 42. ISSN 0266-7452.
- ↑ Trolleybus Magazine No. 259, January–February 2005, p. 12.
- ↑ 城市电车风景 留是不留
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Trolleybus Magazine No. 291, May–June 2010, p. 61.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Murray, Alan (2000). World Trolleybus Encyclopaedia (ISBN 0-904235-18-1). Yateley, Hampshire, UK: Trolleybooks.
- ↑ Столица Грузии отказалась от трамваев и троллейбусов - новости Украины на ЛІГА.Новости
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 原口隆行 Haraguchi, Takayuki. 2000. 日本の路面電車 III (廃止路線西日本編) Nippon no romendensha III (Haishi Rosen Nishi-Nippon-hen) (JTB Can Books series). Tokyo: Japan Travel Bureau.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 原口隆行 Haraguchi, Takayuki. 2000. 日本の路面電車 II (廃止路線東日本編) Nippon no romendensha II (Haishi Rosen Higashi-Nippon-hen) (JTB Can Books series). Tokyo: Japan Travel Bureau.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Trolleybus Magazine No. 273, May–June 2007, p. 66.
- ↑ "Defunct service staff still paid". eKantipur.com. 19 February 2009. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTagTwGPcjI
- ↑ https://www.flickr.com/photos/zaruka/6179652558/in/photolist-ASbpT-8vd6e1-ASbmy-ASbJx-8zFTJu-8zFTvf-aq5kpL-8zSBtK-ASbi9-aw5sWi-8zVJdf-aw89AG-8EhoYu-8zSBLk-8Ehq9s-8Eef3T-apQ5ff-apweG5-8CcXAB-8BCAGy-ifaaDC-8EhpK1-aqfNuE-8EERx3-apx2QJ-8EEPR9-apuknx-apweh3-8zUXgs-8z1Uf8-aptx2P-8AcHwL-8B88um-avrQjL-8B51P4-dXgQQ1-5CL5af-8B52t6-8CcZ1P-8CcZxa-8ETsaT-6VmAj9-8B87Ew-5CL5cL-apx6Cy-myTb7p-72BSSA-jtc5yq-aw5si8-jrg1wG
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Lehmann, J. (6 May 2013). "Riad/Riyadh [SA] - Opening of the New Campus of the King Saud bin Abdulaziz University". TrolleyMotion. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
- ↑ Istanbul transport history, IETT.
- ↑ Box, Roland (July-Aug. 2010). "More about the 2000s". Trolleybus Magazine No. 292, pp. 78–82.
- ↑ "Farewell journey of Innsbruck's trolleybuses, on 25.02.2007" (German)
- ↑ Trolleybus de Seraing (RELSE)
- ↑ The Czech Republic's smallest trolleybus system, British Trolleybus Society, 2002
- ↑ Svenska Spårvägssällskapet English Atlas
- ↑ Svenska Spårvägssällskapet English Atlas
- ↑ Svenska Spårvägssällskapet English Atlas
- ↑ Svenska Spårvägssällskapet English Atlas
- ↑ Teaduste akadeemiast trolliga otse hullumajja (Estonian)
- ↑ Svenska Spårvägssällskapet English Atlas
- ↑ Svenska Spårvägssällskapet English Atlas
- ↑ Svenska Spårvägssällskapet English Atlas
- ↑ Svenska Spårvägssällskapet English Atlas
- ↑ Swedish Tramway Society atlas page on Kaunas, Lithuania.
- ↑ Swedish Tramway Society atlas page on Vilnius, Lithuania.
- ↑ Tarkov, Sergei. "The Solonceni Trolleybus". Trolleybus Magazine No. 200, March–April 1995.
- ↑ Svenska Spårvägssällskapet English Atlas
- ↑ Svenska Spårvägssällskapet English Atlas
- ↑ Svenska Spårvägssällskapet English Atlas
- ↑ Svenska Spårvägssällskapet English Atlas
- ↑ Trolleybus Magazine No. 305 (September–October 2012), p. 120.
- ↑ Trolleybus Magazine No. 290 (March–April 2010), p. 45.
- ↑ Translated article from local media.
- ↑ Brown, Terry. "Trolleybuses in Sweden, Once Again". Trolleybus Magazine No. 253, Jan.-Feb. 2004, p. 14
- ↑ Trolleybus Magazine (TM) No. 95, July 1977.
- ↑ TM No. 235, Jan.-Feb. 2001.
- ↑ Allen Morrison. "Latin American Trolleybus Installations". Retrieved 15 February 2009.
- ↑ Morrison, Allen. "The Trolleybuses of Valparaíso, Chile". Trolleybus Magazine No. 147, May–June 1986.
- ↑ History of Valparaíso trolleybus system.
- ↑ The Trolleybuses of Santiago, Chile, Part A (1940 and 1947–1978).
- ↑ The Trolleybuses of Santiago, Chile, Part B (1991-94).
- ↑ Trolleybus Magazine No. 316, July–August 2014, pp. 102–103.
- ↑ Trolleybus Magazine No. 307, January–February 2013, p. 22.
- ↑ Trolleybus Magazine No. 311, September–October 2013, p. 138.
- ↑ Trolleybus Magazine No. 275, September–October 2007, p 119.
Books
- Gregoris, Paolo; Rizzoli, Francesco; and Serra, Claudio. 2003. "Giro d'Italia in filobus" (ISBN 88-7785-193-7). Cortona: Editore Calosci.
- Jones, David. Australian Trolleybuses. Wellington: City Tramway Publications.
- Mackinger, Gunter. 1979. "Obus in Österreich" (ISBN 3-900134-62-6). (Eisenbahn-Sammelheft Nr. 16.) Wien: Verlag Slezak.
- Millar, Sean. 1986. "Trolleybuses in New Zealand" (ISBN 0-908726-20-1). Auckland: Millar Publishing.
- Murray, Alan. 2000. "World Trolleybus Encyclopaedia" (ISBN 0-904235-18-1). Yateley, Hampshire, UK: Trolleybooks.
- Pabst, Martin. 1989. "Tram & Trolley in Africa" (ISBN 3-88490-152-4). Krefeld: Röhr Verlag GMBH.
- Peschkes, Robert. "World Gazetteer of Tram, Trolleybus, and Rapid Transit Systems."
- Part One, Latin America (ISBN 1-898319-02-2). 1980. Exeter, UK: Quail Map Company.
- Part Two, Asia+USSR / Africa / Australia (ISBN 0-948619-00-7). 1987. London: Rapid Transit Publications.
- Part Three, Europe (ISBN 0-948619-01-5). 1993. London: Rapid Transit Publications.
- Part Four, North America (ISBN 0-948619-06-6). 1998. London: Rapid Transit Publications.
- Sebree, Mac, and Paul Ward. 1974. "The Trolley Coach in North America" (Interurbans Special 59). Los Angeles: Interurbans.
- Stock, Werner. 1987. "Obus-Anlagen in Deutschland" (ISBN 3-926882-00-X). Bielefeld: Hermann Busch Verlag.
- "Straßenbahnatlas ehem. Sowjetunion" / "Tramway Atlas of the former USSR" (ISBN 3-926524-15-4). 1996. Berlin: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Blickpunkt Straßenbahn, in conjunction with Light Rail Transit Association, London.
- "Straßenbahnatlas Rumänien" (compiled by Andreas Günther, Sergei Tarkhov and Christian Blank; ISBN 3-926524-23-5). 2004. Berlin: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Blickpunkt Straßenbahn.
- Tarkhov, Sergei. 2000. "Empire of the Trolleybus: Vol 1 - Russia" (ISBN 0-948619-02-3). London: Rapid Transit Publications.
- 吉川文夫 (Yoshikawa, Fumio). 1995. 日本のトロリーバス (Nippon no "trolleybus") (ISBN 4-88548-066-3). Tokyo: kk Denkisha-kenkyûkai.
Periodicals
- "Trolleybus Magazine" (ISSN 0266-7452). National Trolleybus Association (UK). Bimonthly.
- Tarkhov, Sergei and Dmitriy Merzlov. "North Korean Surprises - Part 3". (Trolleybus Magazine No. 246, November–December 2002).
External links