List of troglobites
A troglobite is an animal that lives entirely in the dark parts of caves. They can roughly be divided into troglofauna for the land-dwelling species and stygofauna for species found in water. Troglobites are typically identified by evolutionary traits that suit them for cave life such as loss of sight and skin pigment or slow metabolism. They are typically incapable of surviving outside of caves and as such are often endemic to a single cave or system of caves. Creatures such as cave-dwelling bats or cave swallows are not considered troglobites because they leave caves in order to acquire food. These are trogloxene.
Mollusca
- Tumbling Creek cavesnail (Antrobia culveri)
- Cave physa (Physella spelunca)
- Phantom cave snail (Cochliopa texana)
- Mimic cavesnail (Phreatodrobia imitata)
- Zospeum
Velvet worms
- White cave velvet worm (Peripatopsis alba)
Arthropoda
Arachnida
- Kauaʻi cave wolf spider (Adelocosa anops) [1]
- Nelson cave spider (Spelungula cavernicola)
- Calicina cloughensis
- Texella reddelli
- Trogloraptor marchingtoni
- Apochthonius mysterius – Mystery Cave pseudoscorpion
- Apochthonius typhlus – Stone County cave pseudoscorpion
- Hesperochernes occidentalis – guano pseudoscorpion
- Mundochthonius cavernicolus – cavernicolous pseudoscorpion
- Phanetta subterranea – subterranean cave spider
- Porrhomma cavernicola – cavernicolous Porrhomma spider
- Sinopoda scurion – eyeless huntsman spider
- Troglokhammouanus steineri – Xe Bang Fai cave scorpion
- Vietbocap lao – Nam Lot cave scorpion
- Parobisium yosemite – Yosemite cave pseudoscorpion
- Titanobochia magna – cave pseudoscorpion
- Cicurina venii – Braken Bat Cave meshweaver spider
- Chinquipellobunus madlae – cave harvestman
Myriapoda
- Millipedes
- Causeyella species
- Chaetaspis aleyorum – Aleys' cave millipede
- Desmoxytes
- Mammamia profuga
- Sinocallipus
- Titanophyllum spiliarum
- Trichopetalum whitei
- Tingupa pallida
- Zosteractis interminata
- Centipedes
Crustacea
- Alabama cave shrimp (Palaemonias alabamae) [2]
- Procambarus delicatus [3]
- Spelaeorchestia koloana [1]
- Procambarus pecki [4]
- Typhlocaris [5]
- Macromaxillocaris [6]
- Samarplax principe
- Cyclops vernalis
- Holoped amazonicum
- Barburia yanezi
- Gammarus acherondytes – Illinois cave amphipod
- Cambarus aculabrum – Benton County cave crayfish
- Cambarus hubrichti – Salem cave crayfish
- Cambarus setosus – bristly cave crayfish
- Cambarus zophonastes – Hell Creek cave crayfish
- Allocrangonyx hubrichti – Hubricht's long-tailed amphipod
- Bactrurus brachycaudus – short-tailed groundwater amphipod
- Bactrurus hubrichti – sword-tail cave amphipod
- Bactrurus pseudomucronatus – false sword-tailed cave amphipod
- Caecidotea antricola – cave isopod
- Caecidotea dimorpha – Missouri cave isopod
- Caecidotea fustis – Fustis cave isopod
- Caecidotea salemensis – Salem cave isopod
- Caecidotea serrata – serrated cave isopod
- Caecidotea stiladactyla – slender-fingered cave isopod
- Caecidotea stygia – stygian cave isopod
- Diacyclops yeatmani – Yeatman's groundwater copepod
- Orconectes stygocaneyi – Caney Mountain cave crayfish
- Stygobromus barri – Barr's groundwater amphipod
- Stygobromus clantoni – Clanton's groundwater amphipod
- Stygobromus heteropodus – Pickle Springs amphipod
- Stygobromus onondagaensis – Onondaga cave amphipod
- Stygobromus ozarkensis – Ozark cave amphipod
- Stygobromus subtilis – subtle groundwater amphipod
- Orcovita hickski
- Orcovita orchardorum
- Cancrocaeca
Insecta
See Cave insects
Fish
- List of cave fish
Amphibians
Mammals
There are no known mammals that live exclusively in caves. Most bats sleep in caves during the day and hunt at night, but they are considered troglophiles or trogloxenes.
Reptiles
- Beauty rat snake (Elaphe taeniura)
Birds
There are no known birds that live exclusively in caves.
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 United States Fish and Wildlife Service (April 9, 2003). "50 CFR Part 17. RIN 1018–AH01. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for the Kauai Cave Wolf Spider and Kauai Cave Amphipod" (PDF). Federal Register 68 (68): 17430–17470.
- ↑ Jeff Powell (August 29, 2006). "Alabama Cave Shrimp (Palaemonias alabamae). 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation" (PDF). United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved October 10, 2010.
- ↑ K. A. Crandall & J. Cordeiro (2010). "Procambarus delicatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 3.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved October 5, 2010.
- ↑ K. A. Crandall (2010). "Cambarus pecki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved October 4, 2010.
- ↑ M. Tsurnamal (2008). "A new species of the stygobiotic blind prawn Typhlocaris Calman, 1909 (Decapoda, Palaemonidae, Typhlocaridinae) from Israel". Crustaceana 81 (4): 487–501. doi:10.1163/156854008783797534.
- ↑ Fernando Alvarez, Thomas M. Iliffe & José Luis Villalobos (2006). "Macromaxillocarididae, a new family of stenopodidean shrimp from an anchialine cave in the Bahamas, with the description of Macromaxillocaris bahamaensis, n. gen., n. sp." (PDF). Journal of Crustacean Biology 26 (3): 366–378. doi:10.1651/C-2658.1.