List of tallest buildings in San Francisco

Skyline of San Francisco, showing the Transamerica Pyramid on the left, 345 California Center in the center and 555 California Street on the right

The United States city of San Francisco, California, has at least 440 high-rises,[1] 45 of which are taller than 400 feet (122 m). The tallest is the Transamerica Pyramid, which rises 853 ft (260 m) and as of July 2014 is the 37th-tallest building in the United States.[2] The city's second tallest building is 555 California Street, formerly known as Bank of America Center.[3]

San Francisco has 22 skyscrapers that rise at least 492 feet (150 m). Its skyline is ranked (based upon existing and under construction buildings over 492 feet (150 m) tall) second in the Pacific coast region (after Los Angeles) and sixth in the United States, after New York City, Chicago, Miami, Houston, and Los Angeles.[note 1]

History

The Chronicle Building, 690 Market Street, was San Francisco's first skyscraper upon completion in 1890.

San Francisco's first skyscraper was the 218-foot (66 m) Chronicle Building completed in 1890. M. H. de Young, owner of the San Francisco Chronicle, commissioned Burnham and Root to design a signature tower to convey the power of his newspaper.[4] Not to be outdone, de Young's rival, industrialist Claus Spreckels, purchased the San Francisco Call in 1895 and commissioned a tower of his own that would dwarf the Chronicle Building.[5] The 315-foot (96 m) Call Building was completed in 1898 and stood across Market Street from the Chronicle Building. The Call Building (later named the Spreckels Building, and Central Tower today) would remain the city's tallest for nearly a quarter century.

The Call Building, 703 Market Street, was the tallest building west of the Mississippi River when constructed in 1898.

Both steel-framed structures survived the 1906 earthquake, demonstrating that tall buildings could be safely constructed in earthquake country.[6][7] Other early twentieth-century skyscrapers above 200 feet (61 m) include the Merchants Exchange Building (1903), Humboldt Bank Building (1908), Hobart Building (1914), and Southern Pacific Building (1916). Another skyscraper boom took hold during the 1920s, when several Neo-Gothic and Art Deco high rises, reaching three to four hundred feet (90 to 120 m) in height, were constructed, including the Standard Oil Building (1922), Pacific Telephone Building (1925), Russ Building (1927), Hunter-Dulin Building (1927), 450 Sutter Medical Building (1929), Shell Building (1929), and McAllister Tower (1930).[8]

The Great Depression and World War II halted any further skyscraper construction until the 1950s when the Equitable Life Building (1955) and Crown-Zellerbach Building (1959) were completed. Many of San Francisco's tallest buildings, particularly its office skyscrapers,[9] were completed in a building boom from the late 1960s until the late 1980s.[10] During the 1960s, at least 40 new skyscrapers were built,[11] and the Hartford Building (1965), 44 Montgomery (1967), Bank of America Center (1969), and Transamerica Pyramid (1972) each, in turn, took the title of tallest building in California upon completion. At 853 feet (260 m) tall, the Transamerica Pyramid was one of the most controversial, with critics suggesting that it be torn down even before it was completed.[11]

This surge of construction was dubbed "Manhattanization" by opponents and led to local legislation that set some of the strictest building height limits and regulations in the country.[12] In 1985, San Francisco adopted the Downtown Plan, which slowed development in the Financial District north of Market Street and directed it to the area South of Market around the Transbay Terminal.[13] Over 250 historic buildings were protected from development and developers were required to set aside open space for new projects.[14] To prevent excessive growth and smooth the boom-and-bust building cycle, the Plan included an annual limit of 950,000 square feet (88,000 m2) for new office development, although it grandfathered millions of square feet of proposals already in the development pipeline. In response, voters approved Proposition M in November 1986 that reduced the annual limit to 475,000 square feet (44,100 m2) until the grandfathered square footage was accounted for, which occurred in 1999.[15][16]

These limits, combined with the early 1990s recession, led to a near halt of skyscraper construction during the late 1980s and 1990s. To guide new development, the city passed several neighborhood plans, such as the Rincon Hill Plan in 2005 and Transit Center District Plan in 2012, which allow taller skyscrapers in certain specific locations in the South of Market area.[17] Since the early 2000s, the city has been undergoing another building boom, with numerous buildings over 400 feet (122 m) proposed, approved, or under construction; some, such as the two-towered One Rincon Hill, have been completed. Several taller buildings are under construction in connection with the new Transbay Transit Center, including Salesforce Tower, which broke ground in 2013 and is planned to rise to 1,070 feet (330 m).[18] When completed this building will be the first supertall skyscraper in San Francisco and among the tallest in the United States.

San Francisco skyline from Treasure Island.

Tallest buildings

This list ranks San Francisco skyscrapers that stand at least 400 feet (122 m) tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. The "Year" column indicates the year in which a building was completed.

Rank Name Image Height
ft (m)		 Floors Year Coordinates Notes
1 Transamerica Pyramid 853 (260) 48 1972 37°47′42.72″N 122°24′10.08″W / 37.7952000°N 122.4028000°W
2 555 California Street 779 (237) 52 1969 37°47′30.84″N 122°24′13.68″W / 37.7919000°N 122.4038000°W
3 345 California Center 695 (212) 48 1986 37°47′33.00″N 122°24′1.80″W / 37.7925000°N 122.4005000°W
  • Tallest mid-block skyscraper in San Francisco
  • Tallest building constructed in the city in the 1980s[23][24]
  • The height shown includes flagpoles.
4 Millennium Tower 645 (197) 58 2009 37°47′25.44″N 122°23′45.96″W / 37.7904000°N 122.3961000°W
  • Tallest mixed-use residential building west of the Mississippi River.[25]
  • Tallest building constructed in the city in the 2000s[26]
5 One Rincon Hill South Tower 641 (195) 60 2008 37°47′8.8″N 122°23′31.7″W / 37.785778°N 122.392139°W
6 50 Fremont Center 600 (183) 43 1985 37°47′25.7″N 122°23′50.1″W / 37.790472°N 122.397250°W [31][32]
101 California Street 600 (183) 48 1982 37°47′34.26″N 122°23′52.55″W / 37.7928500°N 122.3979306°W [33][34]
8 Market Center 573 (175) 40 1975 37°47′22.38″N 122°24′1.08″W / 37.7895500°N 122.4003000°W
9 Four Embarcadero Center 570 (174) 45 1982 37°47′42.72″N 122°23′45.96″W / 37.7952000°N 122.3961000°W [37][38]
10 One Embarcadero Center 569 (173) 45 1971 37°47′40.2″N 122°23′58.92″W / 37.794500°N 122.3997000°W [39][40]
11 44 Montgomery Street 565 (172) 43 1967 37°47′23.28″N 122°24′6.48″W / 37.7898000°N 122.4018000°W
  • Tallest building in California from 1967 to 1969[41][42]
12 Spear Tower 564 (172) 43 1976 37°47′35.84″N 122°23′40.27″W / 37.7932889°N 122.3945194°W [43][44]
13 One Sansome Street 550 (168) 41 1984 37°47′25.5″N 122°24′4.6″W / 37.790417°N 122.401278°W
  • Also known as the Citigroup Center[45][46]
14 One Rincon Hill North Tower 541 (165) 49 2014 37°47′11.04″N 122°23′31.44″W / 37.7864000°N 122.3920667°W [47]
15 One Front Street 538 (164) 38 1979 37°47′30.5″N 122°23′55.7″W / 37.791806°N 122.398806°W
  • Also known as Shaklee Terraces and 444 Market Street[48][49]
16 First Market Tower 529 (161) 39 1973 37°47′25.80″N 122°23′56.76″W / 37.7905000°N 122.3991000°W [50][51]
McKesson Plaza 529 (161) 38 1969 37°47′19.32″N 122°24′9.36″W / 37.7887000°N 122.4026000°W [52][53]
18 425 Market Street 525 (160) 38 1973 37°47′27.96″N 122°23′53.16″W / 37.7911000°N 122.3981000°W [54][55]
19 Montgomery Tower 500 (152) 38 1982 37°47′20.76″N 122°24′11.88″W / 37.7891000°N 122.4033000°W [56][57]
20 333 Bush Street 495 (151) 43 1986 37°47′26.16″N 122°24′10.80″W / 37.7906000°N 122.4030000°W [58][59]
21 Hilton San Francisco Tower I 493 (150) 46 1971 37°47′7.08″N 122°24′39.24″W / 37.7853000°N 122.4109000°W
  • Tallest building used exclusively as a hotel in the city[60][61]
22 Pacific Gas & Electric Building 492 (150) 34 1971 37°47′29.76″N 122°23′44.88″W / 37.7916000°N 122.3958000°W [62][63]
23 50 California Street 487 (148) 37 1972 37°47′38.40″N 122°23′50.64″W / 37.7940000°N 122.3974000°W [64][65]
555 Mission Street 487 (148) 33 2008 37°47′18.60″N 122°23′54.96″W / 37.7885000°N 122.3986000°W
25 St. Regis Museum Tower 484 (148) 42 2005 37°47′10.68″N 122°24′4.68″W / 37.7863000°N 122.4013000°W [72][73]
26 100 Pine Center 476 (145) 33 1972 37°47′33.32″N 122°23′56.21″W / 37.7925889°N 122.3989472°W [74][75]
45 Fremont Street 476 (145) 34 1978 37°47′28.32″N 122°23′49.56″W / 37.7912000°N 122.3971000°W
  • Also known as the Bechtel Building[76][77]
28 333 Market Street 472 (144) 33 1979 37°47′30.98″N 122°23′51.00″W / 37.7919389°N 122.3975000°W [78][79]
29 650 California Street 466 (142) 34 1964 37°47′34.2″N 122°24′18.7″W / 37.792833°N 122.405194°W
  • Tallest building in California from 1965 to 1967
  • Also known as the Hartford Building[80][81]
30 100 First Plaza 447 (136) 27 1988 37°47′21.0″N 122°23′51.0″W / 37.789167°N 122.397500°W [82][83]
31 One California 438 (134) 32 1969 37°47′35.52″N 122°23′49.92″W / 37.7932000°N 122.3972000°W [84][85]
32 San Francisco Marriott Marquis 436 (133) 39 1989 37°47′5.64″N 122°24′15.48″W / 37.7849000°N 122.4043000°W [86][87]
33 Russ Building 435 (133) 32 1927 37°47′28.32″N 122°24′10.08″W / 37.7912000°N 122.4028000°W
  • Tied as the tallest building constructed in the city in the 1920s[88][89]
140 New Montgomery 435 (133) 26 1925 37°47′13.20″N 122°24′0.00″W / 37.7870000°N 122.4000000°W
  • Tied as the tallest building constructed in the city in the 1920s
  • Originally called the Pacific Telephone Building upon completion[90][91]
35 The Infinity II 420 (128) 41 2009 37°47′21.76″N 122°23′26.39″W / 37.7893778°N 122.3906639°W [92]
JPMorgan Chase Building 420 (128) 31 2002 37°47′19.6″N 122°23′58.0″W / 37.788778°N 122.399444°W [93][94]
The Paramount 420 (128) 40 2002 37°47′12.0″N 122°24′7.0″W / 37.786667°N 122.401944°W [95][96]
38 Providian Financial Building 417 (127) 30 1981 37°47′28.40″N 122°23′42.16″W / 37.7912222°N 122.3950444°W [97][98]
39 Three Embarcadero Center 413 (126) 31 1977 37°47′42.5″N 122°23′50.5″W / 37.795139°N 122.397361°W [99][100]
Two Embarcadero Center 413 (126) 30 1974 37°47′41.8″N 122°23′54.5″W / 37.794944°N 122.398472°W [101][102]
41 595 Market Street 410 (125) 30 1979 37°47′21.31″N 122°24′2.92″W / 37.7892528°N 122.4008111°W [103][104]
42 123 Mission Street 407 (124) 29 1986 37°47′30.84″N 122°23′40.20″W / 37.7919000°N 122.3945000°W [105][106]
43 101 Montgomery 404 (123) 28 1984 37°47′25.44″N 122°24′8.64″W / 37.7904000°N 122.4024000°W [107][108]
Embarcadero West 404 (123) 34 1989 37°47′37.9″N 122°24′1.6″W / 37.793861°N 122.400444°W [109][110]
45 100 Van Ness Avenue 400 (122) 29 1974 37°46′36.2″N 122°25′09.1″W / 37.776722°N 122.419194°W
  • This building is undergoing conversion from office to residential use
  • Formerly known as the California Automobile Association Building[111][112][113]

Tallest under construction, approved and proposed

Under construction

This lists buildings that are under construction in San Francisco and are planned to rise at least 100 meters (328 ft). Under construction buildings that have already been topped out are also included.

Name Height
ft (m)		 Floors Year
(est.)		 Coordinates Notes
Salesforce Tower 1,070 (326) 61 2017 37°47′23.12″N 122°23′49.46″W / 37.7897556°N 122.3970722°W This building is under construction as part of the San Francisco Transbay development. It will be the tallest building in San Francisco once completed.[18][114][115]
181 Fremont Street 802 (245) 54 2016 37°47′22.98″N 122°23′43.04″W / 37.7897167°N 122.3952889°W Mixed-use building with 33 floors of office space and 68 residential units on the upper 15 floors.[116][117][118]
350 Mission Street 455 (139) 27 2015 37°47′27.31″N 122°23′48.25″W / 37.7909194°N 122.3967361°W This entire building has been leased by Salesforce.com and is topped out. Approved for 30 floors, but only 27 floors as-built.[119]
LUMINA I 450 (137) 43 2015 37°47′19.30″N 122°23′31.99″W / 37.7886944°N 122.3922194°W This building is also known as 201 Folsom Street, Tower I and is topped out.[120][121]
399 Fremont Street 440 (134) 42 2015 37°47′13.94″N 122°23′31.34″W / 37.7872056°N 122.3920389°W Entitled for 452 residential units.[122][123]
340 Fremont Street 440 (134) 40 2016 37°47′13.23″N 122°23′33.86″W / 37.7870083°N 122.3927389°W This project is entitled for 338 residential units.[124][125]
Jasper 430 (131) 39 2015 37°47′9.19″N 122°23′37.61″W / 37.7858861°N 122.3937806°W This building is entitled for 320 residential units and is topped out.[126][127]
LUMINA II 400 (122) 38 2015 37°47′19.47″N 122°23′29.41″W / 37.7887417°N 122.3915028°W This building is also known as 201 Folsom Street, Tower II and is topped-out.[128]
100 Van Ness Avenue 400 (122) 29 2015 37°46′36.2″N 122°25′09.1″W / 37.776722°N 122.419194°W This building is undergoing a conversion into residential use and a re-skin of the exterior.[111][112][113]
222 Second Street 370 (113) 26 2016 37°47′10.77″N 122°23′53.85″W / 37.7863250°N 122.3982917°W This building has topped out.[129][130]

Approved

This lists buildings that are approved for construction in San Francisco and are planned to rise at least 100 meters (328 ft).

Name Height*
ft (m)		 Floors Year*
(est.)		 Coordinates Notes
706 Mission Street 510 (155) 43 2018 37°47′10.19″N 122°24′9.44″W / 37.7861639°N 122.4026222°W This project would contain 190 condominiums and an expanded Mexican Museum. Construction is scheduled to begin in July 2015.[131][132][133]
41 Tehama Street 380 (116) 35 — 37°47′14.16″N 122°23′46.43″W / 37.7872667°N 122.3962306°W Approved for up to 398 dwelling units.[134]

* Table entries with dashes (—) indicate that information regarding building heights or dates of completion has not yet been released.

Proposed

This lists buildings that are proposed in San Francisco and are planned to rise at least 100 meters (328 ft).

Name Height
ft (m)		 Floors* Year*
(est.)		 Coordinates Notes
50 First Street Tower 1 910 (277) 59 — 37°47′23.75″N 122°23′53.34″W / 37.7899306°N 122.3981500°W [135]
Palace Hotel Residential Tower 669 (204) 60 — 37°47′15.93″N 122°24′6.08″W / 37.7877583°N 122.4016889°W This project is also known as Two New Montgomery.[136][137]
50 First Street Tower 2 605 (184) 50 — 37°47′22.24″N 122°23′53.71″W / 37.7895111°N 122.3982528°W [135]
Park Tower at Transbay 605 (184) 43 — 37°47′25.5″N 122°23′39.0″W / 37.790417°N 122.394167°W Project will be commercial office at Transbay Block 5.[138][139]
Transbay Block 8 575 (175) 56 — 37°47′16.6″N 122°23′39.6″W / 37.787944°N 122.394333°W Approximately 740 units from developer Related California and architecture firm OMA.[140][141]
5M Project Residential Tower 470 (143) ~40 — 37°46′52.34″N 122°24′25.23″W / 37.7812056°N 122.4070083°W This project contains office and residential on 4 acres (1.6 ha) at Fifth and Mission.[142]
Sun Tower[note 2] 450 (137) — — 37°49′10.66″N 122°22′19.20″W / 37.8196278°N 122.3720000°W This project is also referred to as Treasure Island Tower. It would stand as the tallest building on Treasure Island.[143][144][145][146][147]
524 Howard Street 450 (137) 44 — 37°47′17.67″N 122°23′49.33″W / 37.7882417°N 122.3970361°W Proposed 285 residential units from developer Crescent Heights.[148][149][150]
Transbay Block 9 440 (134) 43 2016 37°47′13.92″N 122°23′42.79″W / 37.7872000°N 122.3952194°W This project would contain 563 residential units on Folsom Street between First and Essex streets.[151] It is also known as 500 Folsom Street.[152][153]
5M Project Office Tower 430 (131) ~30 — 37°46′52.34″N 122°24′25.23″W / 37.7812056°N 122.4070083°W This project contains office and residential on 4 acres (1.6 ha) at Fifth and Mission.[142]
1481 Post Street 410 (125) 36 — 37°47′8.65″N 122°25′34.08″W / 37.7857361°N 122.4261333°W This project is also referred to as Cathedral Hill Plaza II and Post Street Tower.[154][155][156]
Transbay Block 1 400 (122) 40 2018 37°47′23.9″N 122°23′30.0″W / 37.789972°N 122.391667°W Proposed 390 condominiums from developer Tishman Speyer and Studio Gang Architects.[157] It is also known as 100 Folsom Street.[158]
655 4th Street 400 (122) 40 — [159]
1500 Mission Street 400 (122) 40 — [160]
10 South Van Ness 400 (122) 38 — 37°46′27.45″N 122°25′10.46″W / 37.7742917°N 122.4195722°W [161]
One Van Ness 400 (122) 37 — 37°46′30.37″N 122°25′12.04″W / 37.7751028°N 122.4200111°W This project would contain 308 condominiums.[162]
48 Tehama Street 366 (112) 30 — [163]
75 Howard Street 355 (109) 31 — 37°47′29.79″N 122°23′30.16″W / 37.7916083°N 122.3917111°W [164][165]

* Table entries with dashes (—) indicate that information regarding building floor counts or dates of completion has not yet been released.

Timeline of tallest buildings

This lists buildings that once held the title of tallest building in San Francisco as well as the current titleholder, the Transamerica Pyramid.

The original Palace Hotel stood as San Francisco's tallest building from 1875 until 1890.
Name Street address Years as tallest Height
ft (m)		 Floors Notes / Reference
Montgomery Block 628 Montgomery Street 1853–1854 ~50 (15) 4 [166][167][168]
Old Saint Mary's Cathedral 660 California Street 1854–1875 90 (27) 1 [169][170][171][172]
Palace Hotel 2 New Montgomery Street 1875–1890 120 (37) 7 [note 3][173][174]
Chronicle Building 690 Market Street 1890–1898 218 (66) 10 [175]
Call Building 703 Market Street 1898–1922 315 (96) 15 [note 4][176]
Standard Oil Building 225 Bush Street 1922–1925 328 (100) 22 [177]
Pacific Telephone Building 140 New Montgomery Street 1925–1965 435 (133) 26 [note 5][90]
Russ Building 235 Montgomery Street 1927–1965 435 (133) 31 [note 5][88]
Hartford Building 650 California Street 1965–1967 466 (142) 33 [note 6][80]
44 Montgomery Street 44 Montgomery Street 1967–1969 565 (172) 43 [41]
Bank of America Center 555 California Street 1969–1972 779 (237) 52 [note 7][21]
Transamerica Pyramid 600 Montgomery Street 1972–present 853 (260) 48 [19]

Notes

  1. ↑ New York has 257 existing and under construction buildings at least 492 feet (150 m); Chicago has 122; Miami has 43; Houston has 34; Los Angeles has 26; Dallas has 20; San Francisco has 24. Source of Skyline ranking information: SkyscraperPage.com diagrams: New York City, Chicago, Miami, Houston, Los Angeles, Dallas, San Francisco (as of July 2014).
  2. ↑ Building is said to be somewhere between 450 feet (137 m) and 650 feet (198 m).
  3. ↑ The original Palace Hotel burned down in 1906.
  4. ↑ The Call Building was renamed the Spreckels Building in 1913 and was heavily modified in 1938, lowering its height to 299 feet (91 m).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 The Russ Building, completed in 1927, tied the height of the Pacific Telephone Building. The city therefore had two tallest buildings for a period of 38 years, until the Hartford Building was completed in 1965.
  6. ↑ This building was constructed as the Hartford Building, but is now more commonly known as 650 California Street.
  7. ↑ This building was constructed as the Bank of America Center, but was renamed to 555 California Street in 2005.

References

General
Specific
  1. ↑ "Database: San Francisco". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Transamerica Pyramid". Emporis. Retrieved August 17, 2007.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "555 California Street". Emporis. Retrieved August 17, 2007.
  4. ↑ Carol S. Prentice (1 January 2006). 1906 San Francisco Earthquake Centennial Field Guides: Field Trips Associated with the 100th Anniversary Conference, 18-23 April 2006, San Francisco, California. Geological Society of America. pp. 45–50. ISBN 978-0-8137-0007-6.
  5. ↑ Korom, Joseph J. (2008). The American Skyscraper, 1850-1940. Boston: Branden Books. pp. 211–213. ISBN 0-8283-2188-4.
  6. ↑ Marshall Everett (1906). Complete Story of the San Francisco Earthquake: The Eruption of Mount Vesuvius and Other Volcanic Outbursts and Earthquakes, Including All the Great Disasters of History ... Bible House. pp. 73, 204.
  7. ↑ Mel Scott (January 1985). The San Francisco Bay Area: A Metropolis in Perspective. University of California Press. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-520-05512-4.
  8. ↑ "San Francisco General Plan - Downtown Area Plan". City & County of San Francisco. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
  9. ↑ "Tallest completed skyscrapers in San Francisco". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved September 9, 2007.
  10. ↑ King, John (October 22, 2004). "15 seconds that changed San Francisco: Part 6". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved August 17, 2007.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Caldwell, Earl (July 1973). "San Francisco Not The Same As High-risers Start Rise". The New York Times via The Ledger (Lakeland, FL).
  12. ↑ "High Rise Boom (1960-1980)". Verlang.com. Retrieved September 23, 2007.
  13. ↑ "Transit Center District Plan – General Plan Amendments" (PDF). May 24, 2012. Retrieved April 11, 2013.
  14. ↑ "Downtown Plan and SOMA (1980-Present)". Verlang.com. Retrieved November 23, 2013.
  15. ↑ Paul, Brad (July 1, 1999). "Proposition M and the Downtown Growth Battle". SPUR. Retrieved November 23, 2013.
  16. ↑ Macris, Dean and Williams, George (August 1, 1999). "San Francisco's Downtown Plan". SPUR. Retrieved November 23, 2013.
  17. ↑ "City Design Group: Transit Center District Plan". Retrieved November 23, 2013.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "Boston Properties and Hines Close on Record Land Sale for Transbay Transit Tower Parcel". The Wall Street Journal. Business Wire. 26 March 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Transamerica Pyramid". SkyscraperPage. Retrieved August 20, 2007.
  20. ↑ "Transamerica Pyramid". Structurae.de. Retrieved September 23, 2007.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "555 California Street". SkyscraperPage. Retrieved August 20, 2007.
  22. ↑ "555 California Street". Structurae.de. Retrieved September 23, 2007.
  23. ↑ "345 California Center". Emporis.com. Retrieved August 17, 2007.
  24. ↑ "345 California Center". SkyscraperPage. Retrieved August 20, 2007.
  25. ↑ "Millennium Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved August 12, 2009.
  26. ↑ "Millennium Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved August 12, 2009.
  27. ↑ "One Rincon Hill - South Tower". SkyscraperPage. Retrieved September 9, 2007.
  28. ↑ "One Rincon Hill South Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved October 10, 2007.
  29. ↑ "One Rincon Hill". SkyscraperPage. Retrieved August 17, 2007.
  30. ↑ "One Rincon Hill". Luxist. Retrieved August 17, 2007.
  31. ↑ "50 Fremont Center". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved August 14, 2007.
  32. ↑ "50 Fremont Center". Emporis.com. Retrieved August 17, 2007.
  33. ↑ "101 California Street". SkyscraperPage. Retrieved August 20, 2007.
  34. ↑ "101 California Street". Emporis.com. Retrieved August 17, 2007.
  35. ↑ "Chevron Tower". SkyscraperPage. Retrieved August 20, 2007.
  36. ↑ "Chevron Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved August 17, 2007.
  37. ↑ "Four Embarcadero Center". SkyscraperPage. Retrieved August 20, 2007.
  38. ↑ "4 Embarcadero Center". Emporis.com. Retrieved August 17, 2007.
  39. ↑ "One Embarcadero Center". SkyscraperPage. Retrieved August 20, 2007.
  40. ↑ "1 Embarcadero Center". Emporis.com. Retrieved August 17, 2007.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 "44 Montgomery Street". SkyscraperPage. Retrieved August 20, 2007.
  42. ↑ "44 Montgomery Street". Emporis.com. Retrieved August 17, 2007.
  43. ↑ "Spear tower". SkyscraperPage. Retrieved August 20, 2007.
  44. ↑ "Spear Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved August 17, 2007.
  45. ↑ "One Sansom Street". CB Richard Ellis. Retrieved July 30, 2011.
  46. ↑ "Citicorp Center". Emporis.com. Retrieved August 17, 2007.
  47. ↑ "One Rincon Hill, North Tower". Emporis. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  48. ↑ "Shaklee Terraces". SkyscraperPage. Retrieved August 20, 2007.
  49. ↑ "Shaklee Terraces". Emporis.com. Retrieved August 17, 2007.
  50. ↑ "First Market Tower". SkyscraperPage. Retrieved August 20, 2007.
  51. ↑ "First Market Tower". Emporis.com. Retrieved August 17, 2007.
  52. ↑ "McKesson Plaza". SkyscraperPage. Retrieved August 20, 2007.
  53. ↑ "McKesson Plaza". Emporis.com. Retrieved August 17, 2007.
  54. ↑ "425 Market Street". SkyscraperPage. Retrieved August 20, 2007.
  55. ↑ "425 Market Street". Emporis.com. Retrieved August 17, 2007.
  56. ↑ "Telesis Tower". SkyscraperPage. Retrieved August 20, 2007.
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  169. ↑ Christine Miller (2005). San Francisco's Financial District. Arcadia Publishing. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-7385-2999-8.
  170. ↑ San Francisco Heritage Newsletter. Volumes 31-32. The Foundation. 2003.
  171. ↑ "Old St. Marys Phase I & II". Nibbi Brothers General Contractors. For nearly two decades after it was built, Old St. Mary’s was the tallest building in California.
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  173. ↑ Rand Richards (2002). Historic Walks in San Francisco: 18 Trails Through the City's Past. Heritage House Publishers. p. 210. ISBN 978-1-879367-03-6. The seven-story Palace Hotel, erected in 1875 at Market and New Montgomery, was the City's tallest building for over a decade.
  174. ↑ Molly W. Berger (1 June 2011). Hotel Dreams: Luxury, Technology, and Urban Ambition in America, 1829–1929. JHU Press. p. 148. ISBN 978-1-4214-0184-3. By any standard, the new Palace Hotel was huge. It stood 120 feet high, its seven stories towering over the city like an enormous fortress.
  175. ↑ Rand Richards (2002). Historic Walks in San Francisco: 18 Trails Through the City's Past. Heritage House Publishers. p. 221. ISBN 978-1-879367-03-6. It was the City's first 'skyscraper' and the tallest building west of the Mississippi when it was erected in 1889.
  176. ↑ Joseph J. Korom, Jr. (22 February 2013). Skyscraper Facades of the Gilded Age: Fifty-One Extravagant Designs, 1875-1910. McFarland. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-7864-9326-5. It was San Francisco's tallest building and visible from almost anywhere in the city.
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