List of state leaders in 999

See also
List of state leaders in 998 Events of 999 List of state leaders in 1000 State leaders by year

This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 999.

Africa

Fatimid Caliphate – Abū 'Alī al-Manṣūr al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh, Caliph (996–1021)
- Ifriqiya – Badis ibn Mansur, Zirid Viceroy (995–1016)
Morocco – Ziri, Maghrawa Emir of Morocco (987–1001)
Mukurra – Raphael, King of Mukurra (999-1030)

Asia

Abbasid Caliphate – Al-Qadir, Caliph of Baghdad (991–1031)
Emirate of Aleppo – Sa'id ud-Dawlah Sa'id, Hamdanid (991–1002)
Assam – Brahmapala, King of Assam (990–1010)
Bokhara – Ismail II, Samanid Emir of Bokhara (999-1004)
Buwayhid Emirate – Firuz Abu Nasr Baha' al-Dawla, Emir of Iraq and Fars (989–1012)
Byzantine Empire – Basil II (976–1025)
Chalukya – Satyasraya Irivabedanga, King of Chalukya (997–1008)
China (Northern Song Dynasty) – Emperor Zhenzong (997–1022)
Japan (Heian period) –
- Monarch – Emperor Ichijō (986–1011)
- de facto – Fujiwara no Michinaga (995–1017)
Khitan Empire – Shengzong (982–1031)
Korea (Goryeo Kingdom) – Mokjong, (997–1009)
Chola – Rajaraja I Deva, King of Chola (985–1012)
Ghazni – Mahmud, Emir of Ghazni (998–1030)
Gujarat – Chamundaraja, King of Gujarat (995–1010)
Japan (Heian period) –
- Monarch – Emperor Ichijō (986–1011)
- de facto – Fujiwara no Michinaga (995–1017)
Keralaputra – Bhaskara Ravivarman I, King of Keralaputra (962–1019)
Khitan Empire – Shengzong (982–1031)
Malwa – Sindhuraja, King of Malwa (995–1010)
Manipur – Kainou Irengba, King of Manipur (983–1073)
Mataram – Dharmawangsa (985–1006)
Mosul – Husan ud-Dawlah al-Muqallad, Uqailid Emir of Mosul (996–1001)
Multan – Nasr ibn Hamid, Emir of Multan (997-?)
Odisha
1. Yayati Mahsivagupta I, King of Odisha (970–1000)
2. Bhimaratha Mahabhavagupta, King of Odisha (1000–1015)
Pala – Mahiapala I, King of Pala (988–1038)
Pratihara – Rajyapala, King of Pratihara (c.990–1018)
Saurashtra – Kawat I, King of Saurashtra (982–1003)
Sind – Member of the Hibari clan, Emir of Sind (dynasty ruled 850–1005)
Transoxiana – Ahmad Nasr al-Haqq Qutb ad-Dawla, Qarakhanid Emir of Transoxiana (998–1017)
Western Ganga – Rakkasa Ganga, King of Western Ganga (985–1024)

Europe

Bulgaria - Samuil, Tsar of Bulgaria (977–1014)
Kingdom of Burgundy - Rudolf III (993–1032)
- County of Burgundy - Otto-William (982–1026)
- County of Provence -
  - Rotbold II (968–1008)
  - William II (993–1018)
Byzantine Empire - Basil II the Bulgar-slayer (976–1025)
Caucasus
- Bagratuni Kingdom of Armenia - Gagik I (989–1020)
- Kingdom of Georgia - Gurgen (994–1008)
- Principality of Kakheti - David (976–1010)
- Klarjeti - Sumbat III, Prince of Klarjeti (993–1011)
Kingdom of Croatia - Svetoslav Suronja (997–1000)
Kingdom of Denmark - Sweyn I (985/986–1014)
Kingdom of England – Æthelred the Unready (978–1013)
Kingdom of France - Robert II (996–1031)
- County of Angoulême - William IV (988–1028)
- County of Anjou - Fulk III (987–1040)
- Duchy of Aquitaine - William V (995–1030)
- County of Blois - Theobald II (995–1004)
- Duchy of Brittany - Geoffrey I (992–1008)
- Duchy of Burgundy - Eudes-Henry (965–1002)
- County of Flanders - Baldwin IV (987–1035)
- County of Maine - Hugh III (992–1015)
- Duchy of Normandy - Richard II (996–1026)
- County of Toulouse - William III Taillefer (978–1037)
- County of Vermandois - Herbert III (987–1000)
Duchy of Gascony - Bernard I William (996–1009)
Holy Roman Empire - Otto III (996–1002)
- Duchy of Bavaria - Henry IV (995–1005)
  - March of Austria - Henry I (994–1018)
  - March of the Nordgau - Henry of Schweinfurt (994–1004)
- Duchy of Bohemia -
  1. Boleslaus II (972–999)
  2. Boleslav III (999–1002)
- Duchy of Carinthia - Henry IV (995–1002)
- Duchy of Lower Lorraine - Otto (977–1012)
  - County of Frisia - Dirk III (993–1039)
  - County of Mons - Reginar IV (998–1013)
  - County of Namur - Albert I (c. 981–1011)
- Duchy of Upper Lorraine - Theodoric I (978–1026/1027)
  - County of Bar - Theodoric I (978–1026/1027)
  - County of Luxembourg - Henry I (998–1026)
- County Palatine of Lotharingia - Ezzo (996–1034)
- Duchy of Saxony - Bernard I (973–1011)
  - Saxon Eastern March - Gero II (993–1015)
  - Northern March - Lothair (983–1003)
  - March of Meissen - Ekkehard I (985–1002)
- Duchy of Swabia - Hermann II (997–1003)
Hungarian tribal federation - Stephen, Grand Prince of the Hungarians (997–1000)
Ireland - Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, High King of Ireland (980–1002)
- Ailech - Áed mac Domnaill Ua Néill, King of Ailech (989–1004)
- Connacht - Cathal mac Conchobar mac Taidg, King of Connacht (973–1010)
- Uí Maine - Tadhg Mór Ua Cellaigh, King of Uí Maine (985–1014)
- Leinster - Donnchad mac Domnall Claen, King of Leinster (984–1003)
- Kingdom of Mide - Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill (c. 975–1022)
- Munster - Brian Boru, King of Munster (978–1014)
Kingdom of Italy - Otto III and Holy Roman Emperor (996–1002)
- Duchy of Amalfi - Manso I (966–1004)
- Principality of Benevento - Pandulf II (981–1014)
- Principality of Capua -
  1. Laidulf (993–999)
  2. Adhemar (999)
  3. Landulf VII (999–1007)
- Catepanate of Italy - Gregory Tarchaneiotes (998–1006)
- Duchy of Gaeta - John III (984–1008)
- March of Ivrea - Arduin (c. 990–1015)
- March of Montferrat - William III (991–1042)
- Duchy of Naples - John IV (997–1002)
- Papal States -
  1. Pope Gregory V (996–999)
  2. Pope Silvester II (999–1003)
- Principality of Salerno - Guaimar III (994–1027)
- Emirate of Sicily - Ja'far al-Kalbi (998–1019)
- Duchy of Spoleto - Adhemar of Capua (998–999)
- March of Tuscany - Hugh (961–1001)
- Republic of Venice - Pietro II Orseolo, Doge of Venice (991–1009)
Kievan Rus' - Vladimir I (980–1015)
- Principality of Polotsk - Izyaslav (989–1001)
- Principality of Rostov - Yaroslav I the Wise (996–1010)
- Principality of Turov - Sviatopolk Vladimirovich (997–1019)
Kingdom of Norway - Olaf I (995–1000)
Poland - Bolesław I the Brave, Duke of Poland (992–1025)
Kingdom of Alba (Scotland) - Kenneth III (997–1005)
Serbia - Petrislav, Duke of Zeta, (c. 992–1000)
Spain -
- County of Barcelona - Ramon Borrell (993–1017)
- County of Castile - Sancho García (995–1017)
- Caliphate of Córdoba -
  - Hisham II (976–1009)
  - Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir, Hajib (978–1002)
- Kingdom of León -
  1. Bermudo II (984–999)
  2. Alfonso V (999–1028)
  - County of Portugal - Mendo II Gonçalves (997–1008)
- Kingdom of Pamplona - García Sánchez II (994–1004)
  - Kingdom of Viguera - Sancho Ramírez (c. 991–c. 1002)
- County of Urgell - Ermengol I (993–1011)
Kingdom of Sweden - Olof Skötkonung (995–1022)
Volga Bulgaria - Abd ar-Rahman bine Mö'min (980–1006)
Wales -
- Kingdom of Gwynedd -
  1. Maredudd ab Owain (986–999)
  2. Cynan ap Hywel (999–1005)