List of state leaders in 991
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This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 991.
Africa
- Fatimid Caliphate – Abu Mansoor Nizar al-Aziz Billah, Caliph (975–996)
- Ifriqiya – Al-Mansur ibn Buluggin, Zirid Viceroy (984–995)
Asia
- Byzantine Empire – Basil II Bulgaroktonus (976–1025)
- China (Northern Song Dynasty) – Emperor Taizong (976–997)
- Japan (Heian period) –
- Monarch – Emperor Ichijō (986–1011)
- Regent (Sesshō) – Fujiwara no Michitaka, Sesshō (990–993); Kampaku (993–995)
- Khitan Empire – Emperor Shengzong (982–1031)
- Korea (Goryeo Kingdom) – Seongjong (981–997)
Europe
- Bulgaria -
- Roman I, Tsar of Bulgaria (977–997)
- Samuil, Tsar of Bulgaria (977–1014)
- Kingdom of Burgundy - Conrad the Peaceful (937–993)
- County of Burgundy - Otto-William (982–1026)
- County of Provence -
- Rotbold II, Count of Provence (968–1008)
- William I, Margrave of Provence (968–993)
- Byzantine Empire - Basil II the Bulgar-slayer (976–1025)
- Caucasus
- Bagratuni Kingdom of Armenia - Gagik I (989–1020)
- Kingdom of Iberia - Bagrat II (958–994)
- Principality of Kakheti - David (976–1010)
- Klarjeti - David II, Prince of Klarjeti (988–993)
- Kingdom of Croatia - Stephen Držislav (969–997)
- Kingdom of Denmark - Sweyn I (985/986–1014)
- Kingdom of England – Æthelred the Unready (978–1013)
- France - Hugh Capet, King of France (987–996)
- County of Angoulême - William IV (988–1028)
- County of Anjou - Fulk III (987–1040)
- Duchy of Aquitaine - William IV (963–995)
- County of Blois - Odo I (975–995)
- Duchy of Brittany - Conan I (990–992)
- Duchy of Burgundy - Eudes-Henry (965–1002)
- County of Flanders - Baldwin IV (987–1035)
- County of Maine - Hugh II (950–992)
- Duchy of Normandy - Richard I (942–996)
- County of Toulouse - William III Taillefer (978–1037)
- County of Vermandois - Herbert III (987–1000)
- Duchy of Gascony - William II (c. 961–996)
- Holy Roman Empire - Otto III, King of Germany (983–1002)
- Duchy of Bavaria - Henry II the Wrangler (985–995)
- March of Austria - Leopold I (976–994)
- Duchy of Bohemia - Boleslaus II (972–999)
- Duchy of Carinthia - Henry II the Wrangler (989–995)
- Duchy of Lower Lorraine - Charles (977–993)
- County of Frisia - Arnulf (988–993)
- County of Mons - Godfrey I (974–998)
- County of Namur - Albert I (c. 981–1011)
- Duchy of Upper Lorraine - Theodoric I (978–1026/1027)
- County of Bar - Theodoric I (978–1026/1027)
- County of Luxembourg - Siegfried (963–998)
- Palatinate – Hermann I, Count Palatine of Lotharingia (985–996)
- Duchy of Saxony - Bernard I (973–1011)
- Saxon Eastern March - Odo I (965–993)
- Northern March - Lothair (983–1003)
- March of Meissen - Ekkehard I (985–1002)
- Duchy of Swabia - Conrad I (983–997)
- Duchy of Bavaria - Henry II the Wrangler (985–995)
- Hungarian tribal federation - Geza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians (c. 972–997)
- Ireland - Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, High King of Ireland (980–1002)
- Ailech - Áed mac Domnaill Ua Néill, King of Ailech (989–1004)
- Connacht - Cathal mac Conchobar mac Taidg, King of Connacht (973–1010)
- Uí Maine - Tadhg Mór Ua Cellaigh, King of Uí Maine (985–1014)
- Leinster - Donnchad mac Domnall Claen, King of Leinster (984–1003)
- Kingdom of Mide - Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill (c. 975–1022)
- Munster - Brian Boru, King of Munster (978–1014)
- Italy -
- Duchy of Amalfi - Manso I (966–1004)
- Principality of Benevento - Pandulf II (981–1014)
- Principality of Capua - Landenulf II (982–993)
- Catepanate of Italy - John Ammiropoulos (988–998)
- Duchy of Gaeta - John III (984–1008)
- March of Ivrea - Arduin (c. 990–1015)
- March of Montferrat -
- Otto I, Marquess of Montferrat (967–991)
- William III, Marquess of Montferrat (991–1042)
- Duchy of Naples - Marinus II (968–992)
- Papal States - Pope John XV (985–996)
- Principality of Salerno - John II (983–994)
- Emirate of Sicily - Yusuf al-Kalbi (990–998)
- Duchy of Spoleto - Hugh of Tuscany (989–996)
- March of Tuscany - Hugh (961–1001)
- Republic of Venice -
- Tribuno Memmo, Doge of Venice (979–991)
- Pietro II Orseolo, Doge of Venice (991–1009)
- Kievan Rus' - Vladimir I (980–1015)
- Principality of Polotsk - Izyaslav (989–1001)
- Kingdom of Norway - Haakon Sigurdsson (970–995)
- Poland - Mieszko I, Duke of the Polans (c. 960–992)
- Kingdom of Alba (Scotland) - Kenneth II (971–995)
- Spain -
- County of Barcelona - Borrell II (947–993)
- County of Castile - García Fernández (970–995)
- Caliphate of Córdoba -
- Kingdom of León - Bermudo II (984–999)
- County of Portugal - Gonçalo I Mendes (c. 950–997)
- Kingdom of Pamplona - Sancho II Abarca (970–994)
- Kingdom of Viguera -
- Ramiro Garcés (970–c. 991)
- Sancho Ramírez (c. 991–c. 1002)
- Kingdom of Viguera -
- Kingdom of Sweden - Eric the Victorious (970–995)
- Wales -
- Deheubarth - Maredudd ab Owain, Prince of Deheubarth (987–999)
- Kingdom of Gwynedd - Maredudd ab Owain (986–999)
- Kingdom of Powys - Maredudd ab Owain (987–999)
Middle East
- Abbasid Caliphate – At-Ta'i, Caliph (991–1031)
- Byzantine Empire – Basil II (976–1025)
- Persia