List of state leaders in 1646

See also
List of state leaders in 1645 Events of 1646 List of state leaders in 1647 State leaders by year List of colonial governors in 1646

This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 1646.

Africa

China
- Qing dynasty – Shunzhi Emperor (1644–1661)
- Southern Ming –
  - Prince of Tang (Zhu Yujian) (1645–1646)
  - Prince of Lu (1645–1653)
  - Prince of Tang (Zhu Yuyue) (1646)
  - Prince of Gui (1646–1662)
Empire of Japan –
- Monarch – Go-Kōmyō (1643–1654)
- Tokugawa shogunate – Tokugawa Iemitsu (1623–1651)
- Daimyo
  - Hirosaki Domain - Tsugaru Nobuyoshi, Daimyo of Hirosaki (1631–1655)
  - Miharu Domain - Akita Toshisue, Daimyo of Miharu (1645–1649)
- Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Ken (1640–1647)
Joseon (Korea) – Injo (1623–1649)
Mughal Empire – Shah Jahan (1627–1658)

Kingdom of Denmark–Norway – Christian IV (1588–1648)
Kingdom of England – Charles I (1625–1649)
Kingdom of France –
- Monarch – Louis XIV (1643–1715)
- Regent – Anne of Austria, regent (1643–1651)
Holy Roman Empire – Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (1637–1657)
- Electorate of Bavaria – Maximilian I (1623–1651)
- Brandenburg-Prussia – Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg (1640–1688)
- Duchy of Lorraine – Nicholas Francis (1634–1661)
Ottoman (Turkish) Empire – İbrahim, Ottoman Sultan (1640–1648)
Papal States – Pope Innocent X (1644–1655)
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – Ladislaus IV (1632–1648)
Tsardom of Russia – Alexis I (1645–1676)
Kingdom of Spain – Philip IV (1621–1665)
Kingdom of Sweden – Christina (1632–1654)
United Provinces
- Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
- Stadtholder - Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht and Gelre (1625–1647).
  - Holland – Grand Pensionary Jacob Cats (1629–1631, 1636–1651)