List of state leaders in 1644

This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 1644.

Africa

• Kingdom of Dahomey – Dakodonou (1620–1645)
• Ethiopian Empire – Fasilides (1632–1667)

Asia

• China -
  • Manchu Qing dynasty conquers China from Ming dynasty; Ming remnants flee southwards and set up fledgeling Southern Ming regimes
  • Ming dynasty –
    1. Chongzhen Emperor (1627–1644)
    2. (Southern Ming) - Prince of Fu (1644–1645)
  • Shun Dynasty – Li Zicheng (1644)
  • Qing dynasty – Shunzhi Emperor (1644–1661)
• Empire of Japan –
  • Monarch – Go-Kōmyō (1643–1654)
  • Tokugawa shogunate – Tokugawa Iemitsu (1623–1651)
  • Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Ken (1640–1647)
• Joseon (Korea) – Injo (1623–1649)
• Mughal Empire – Shah Jahan (1627–1657)
• Kingdom of Sikkim – Phuntsog Namgyal (1642–1670)

Europe

• Kingdom of England – Charles I (1625–1649)
• Kingdom of France – Louis XIV (1643–1715)
• Holy Roman Empire – Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (1637–1657)
  • Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen –
    1. Frederick II (later Frederick III of Denmark), Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (1635–1645)
    2. Archduke Leopold William of Austria, rivalling Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (1635–1645)
  • Prince-Bishopric of Halberstadt – Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Halberstadt (1628–1648)
  • Inner Austria and Lower Austria – Archduke Ferdinand IV (simultaneously Emperor Ferdinand III), Archdukes of Inner and Lower Austria (1637–1657)
  • Duchy of Lorraine – Nicholas Francis (1634–1661)
  • Prince-Archbishopric of Magdeburg – Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels, Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Magdeburg (1638–1680)
  • Bishopric of Olomouc – Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Olomouc (1637–1662)
  • Prince-Bishopric of Passau – Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Passau (1625–1662)
  • Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg – Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg (1626–1662)
  • Prince-Bishopric of Verden – Frederick II (later Frederick III of Denmark), Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden (1623–1629 and again 1635–1644)
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire – İbrahim, Ottoman Sultan (1640–1648)
• United Provinces
  • Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
  • Stadtholder - Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Gelre, Holland, Utrecht and Zeeland(1625–1647).
    • Holland – Grand Pensionary Jacob Cats (1629–1631, 1636–1651)