List of sequenced archaeal genomes

This list of sequenced archaeal genomes contains all the archaea known to have publicly available complete genome sequences that have been assembled, annotated and deposited in public databases. Archea are of particular interest for biotechnology since they can exist under extreme conditions.

Crenarchaeota

Acidilobales

Species Strain Base Pairs Genes Reference GenBank identifier
Acidilobus saccharovorans 345-15 1,496,000 1,547 [1] CP001742

Desulforococcales

Species Strain Base Pairs Genes Reference GenBank identifier
Aeropyrum pernix K1 1,669,695 2,694 [2] NC_000854 (NCBI Reference Sequence)
Desulfurococcus kamchatkensis 1221n 1,365,000 1,521 [3] CP001140
Hyperthermus butylicus DSM 5456 1,667,000 1,669 [4] CP000493
Ignicoccus hospitalis KIN4/I, DSM 18386 1,297,000 1,496 [5] CP000816
Ignisphaera aggregans AQ1.S1, DSM 17230 1,875,000 2,042 [6] CP002098
Pyrolobus fumarii 1A, DSM 11204 1,843,000 2,038 [7] CP002838
Staphylothermus hellenicus P8, DSM 12710 1,580,000 1,716 [8] CP002051
Staphylothermus marinus F1, DSM 3639 1,570,000 1,659 [9] CP000575
Thermosphaera aggregans M11TL, DSM 11486 1,316,000 1,457 [10] CP001939

Sulfolobales

Species Strain Base Pairs Genes Reference GenBank identifier
Acidianus hospitalis W1 2,137,000 2,424 [11] CP002535
Metallosphaera cuprina Ar-4 1,840,000 2,077 [12] CP002656
Metallosphaera sedula DSM 5348 2,191,000 2,347 [13] CP000682
Sulfolobus acidocaldarius DSM 639 2,225,959 2,223 [14] CP000077
Sulfolobus islandicus HVE10/4 2,655,000 [15] CP002426
Sulfolobus islandicus L.D.8.5 2,722,000 2,996 [16] Chromosome CP001731

Plasmid pLD8501 CP001732

Sulfolobus islandicus L.S.2.15 2,736,000 3,068 [16] CP001399
Sulfolobus islandicus M.14.25 2,608,000 2,900 [16] CP001400
Sulfolobus islandicus M.16.27 2,692,000 2,956 [16] CP001401
Sulfolobus islandicus M.16.4 2,586,000 2,869 [16] CP001402
Sulfolobus islandicus REY15A 2,522,000 [15] CP002425
Sulfolobus islandicus Y.G.57.14 2,702,000 3,079 [16] CP001403
Sulfolobus islandicus Y.N.15.51 2,812,000 3,318 [16] Chromosome CP001404

Plasmid pYN01 CP001405

Sulfolobus islandicus LAL14/1 2,465,177 2,601 [17] CP003928
Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 2,992,245 2,995 [18] AE006641
Sulfolobus solfataricus 98/2 2,668,000 2,728 DOE Joint Genome Institute CP001800
Sulfolobus tokodaii 7 2,694,765 2,826 [19] BA000023

Thermoproteales

Species Strain Base Pairs Genes Reference GenBank identifier
Caldivirga maquilingensis IC-167 2,077,000 2,011 DOE Joint Genome Institute CP000852
Pyrobaculum aerophilum IM2 2,222,430 2,605 [20] AE009441
Pyrobaculum arsenaticum PZ6, DSM 13514 2,121,000 2,410 DOE Joint Genome Institute CP000660
Pyrobaculum calidifontis JCM 11548 2,009,000 2,213 DOE Joint Genome Institute CP000561
Pyrobaculum islandicum DSM 4184 1,826,000 2,063 DOE Joint Genome Institute CP000504
Pyrobaculum sp. 1860 Unpublished[21] CP003098
Thermofilum pendens Hrk 5 1,781,000 1,930 [22] Chromosome CP000505

Plasmid pTPEN01 CP000506

Thermoproteus neutrophilus V24Sta 1,769,000 2,053 DOE Joint Genome Institute CP001014
Thermoproteus tenax Kra1 1,841,000 2,100 [23] FN869859
Thermoproteus uzoniensis 768-20 1,936,000 2,229 [24] CP002590
Vulcanisaeta distributa DSM 14429 2,374,000 2,592 [25] CP002100
Vulcanisaeta moutnovskia 768-28 2,298,000 2,393 [26] CP002529

Euryarchaeota

Archaeoglobi

Species Strain Base Pairs Genes Reference GenBank identifier
Archaeoglobus fulgidus DSM4304 2,178,400 2,407 [27] AE000782
Archaeoglobus veneficus SNP6, DSM 11195 1,901,000 2,194 DOE Joint Genome Institute CP002588
Archaeoglobus profundus Av18, DSM 5631 1,563,000 1,911 [28] Chromosome CP001857

Plasmid pArcpr01 CP001858

Ferroglobus placidus AEDII12DO, DSM 10642 2,196,000 2,622 [29] CP001899

Halobacteria

Species Strain Base Pairs Genes Reference GenBank identifier
Halalkalicoccus jeotgali B3, DSM 18796 3,690,000 3925 [30] Chromosome I CP002062

Plasmid 1 CP002063
Plasmid 2 CP002064
Plasmid 3 CP002065
Plasmid 4 CP002066
Plasmid 5 CP002067
Plasmid 6 CP002068

Haloarcula hispanica CGMCC 1.2049 3,484,000 3,561 [31] Chromosome I CP002921

Chromosome II CP002922
Plasmid pHH400 CP002923

Haloarcula marismortui ATCC 43049 3,131,724 3,131 [32] Chromosome I AY596297

Chromosome II AY596298
Plasmid pNG100 AY596290
Plasmid pNG200 AY596291
Plasmid pNG300 AY596292
Plasmid pNG400 AY596293
Plasmid pNG500 AY596294
Plasmid pNG600 AY596295
Plasmid pNG700 AY596296

Halobacterium salinarum R1, DSM 671 2,000,000 2,801 [33] Chromosome NC_010364

Plasmid PHS1 NC_010366
Plasmid PHS2 NC_010369
Plasmid PHS3 NC_010368
Plasmid PHS4 NC_010367

Halobacterium species NRC-1 2,014,239 2,058 [34] Chromosome NC_002607

Plasmid pNRC100 NC_002607
Plasmid pNRC200 NC_002608

Halobiforma lacisalsi AJ5, JCM 12983 4,320,000 4,682 [35] AGFZ00000000
Haloferax volcanii DS2 [36] Chromosome CP001956

Plasmid pHV1 CP001957
Plasmid pHV2 CP001954
Plasmid pHV3 CP001953
Plasmid pHV4 CP001955

Halogeometricum borinquense PR3, DSM 11551 3,920,000 4,059 [37] Chromosome CP001690

Plasmid pHBOR01 CP001691
Plasmid pHBOR02 CP001692
Plasmid pHBOR03 CP001693
Plasmid pHBOR04 CP001694
Plasmid pHBOR05 CP001695

Halomicrobium mukohataei arg-2, DSM 12286 3,332,000 3,475 [38] Chromosome CP001688

Plasmid pHmuk01 CP001689

Halopiger xanaduensis SH-6 3,668,000 3,685 DOE Joint Genome Institute Chromosome CP002839

Plasmid pHALXA01 CP002840
Plasmid pHALXA02 CP002841
Plasmid pHALXA03 CP002842

Haloquadratum walsbyi C23, DSM 16854 3,148,000 [39] Chromosome FR746099

Plasmid PL6A FR746101
Plasmid PL6B FR746102
Plasmid PL100 FR746100

Haloquadratum walsbyi HBSQ001, DSM 16790 3,132,000 2,914 [40] Chromosome AM180088

Plasmid PL47 AM180089

Halorhabdus tiamatea SARL4B 3,840,000 4,034 [41] AFNT00000000
Halorhabdus utahensis AX-2, DSM 12940 3116 Kb 3076 [42] CP001687
Halorubrum lacusprofundi ATCC 49239 4,300,000 3,725 DOE Joint Genome Institute Chromosome 1 CP001365

Chromosome 2 CP001366
Plasmid pHLAC01 CP001367

Haloterrigena turkmenica VKM B-1734, DSM 5511 5,440,000 5,351 [43] Chromosome CP001860

Plasmid pHTUR01 CP001861
Plasmid pHTUR02 CP001862
Plasmid pHTUR03 CP001863
Plasmid pHTUR04 CP001864
Plasmid pHTUR05 CP001865
Plasmid pHTUR06 CP001866

Natrialba asiatica ATCC 700177 [44] Survey
Natrialba magadii ATCC 43099 3,751,000 4,364 DOE Joint Genome Institute CP001932
Natronomonas pharaonis DSM2160 2,595,221 2,675 [45] Chromosome CR936257

Plasmid PL131 CR936258
Plasmid PL23 CR936259

Methanobacteria

Species Strain Base Pairs Genes Reference GenBank identifier
Methanobacterium sp. AL-21 2,583,000 DOE Joint Genome Institute,
Univ of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign		 CP002551
Methanobacterium sp. SWAN-1 2,546,000 2,500 DOE Joint Genome Institute,
Univ Illinois at Urbana-Champaign		 CP002772
Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum delta-H 1,751,377 1,869 [46] AE000666
Methanobrevibacter ruminantium M1 2,937,000 2,283 [47] CP001719
Methanobrevibacter smithii DSM 2375 1,704,000 1,748 Washington University ABYW00000000
Methanobrevibacter smithii F1, DSM 2374 1,707,000 1,749 Washington University ABYV00000000
Methanobrevibacter smithii PS, ATCC 35061 1,853,000 1,841 [48] CP000678
Methanobrevibacter smithii TS94A 1,889,000 1,808 [49] AELU00000000
Methanobrevibacter smithii TS94B 1,886,000 1,856 [49] AELV00000000
Methanobrevibacter smithii TS94C 1,910,000 1,812 [49] AELW00000000
Methanobrevibacter smithii TS95A 1,992,000 1,961 [49] AELX00000000
Methanobrevibacter smithii TS95B 1,972,000 1,895 [49] AELY00000000
Methanobrevibacter smithii TS95C 1,978,000 1,874 [49] AELZ00000000
Methanobrevibacter smithii TS95D 2,011,000 1,860 [49] AEMA00000000
Methanobrevibacter smithii TS96A 1,975,000 1,852 [49] AEMB00000000
Methanobrevibacter smithii TS96B 1,869,000 1,742 [49] AEMC00000000
Methanobrevibacter smithii TS96C 1,818,000 1,764 [49] AEMD00000000
Methanobrevibacter smithii TS145A 1,782,000 1,786 [49] AEKU00000000
Methanobrevibacter smithii TS145B 1,797,000 1,880 [49] AELL00000000
Methanobrevibacter smithii TS146A 1,792,000 1,823 [49] AELM00000000
Methanobrevibacter smithii TS146B 1,794,000 1,814 [49] AELN00000000
Methanobrevibacter smithii TS146C 1,947,000 2,355 [49] AELO00000000
Methanobrevibacter smithii TS146D 1,713,000 1,693 [49] AELP00000000
Methanobrevibacter smithii TS146E 1,952,000 1,887 [49] AELQ00000000
Methanobrevibacter smithii TS147A 2,008,000 1,969 [49] AELR00000000
Methanobrevibacter smithii TS147B 1,965,000 1,911 [49] AELS00000000
Methanobrevibacter smithii TS147C 1,973,000 2,014 [49] AELT00000000
Methanosphaera stadtmanae DSM 3091 1,767,403 1,534 [50] CP000102
Methanothermobacter marburgensis Marburg DSM 2133 1,634,000 1,806 [51] CP001710
Methanothermus fervidus V24S, DSM 2088 1,243,000 1,361 [52] CP002278

Methanococci

Species Strain Base Pairs Genes Reference GenBank identifier
Methanocaldococcus fervens AG86 1,485,000 1,663 DOE Joint Genome Institute Chromosome CP001696

Plasmid pMEFER01 CP001697

Methanocaldococcus infernus ME 1,328,000 1,513 DOE Joint Genome Institute CP002009
Methanocaldococcus jannaschii DSM 2661 1,664,970 1,715 [53] Chromosome: L77117

Large plasmid: L77118
Small plasmid: L77119

Methanocaldococcus vulcanius M7, DSM 12094 1,746,000 1,808 DOE Joint Genome Institute Chromosome CP001787

Plasmid pMETVU01 CP001788
Plasmid pMETVU02 CP001789

Methanocaldococcus sp. FS406-22 1,760,000 1,893 DOE Joint Genome Institute Chromosome CP001901

Plasmid pFS01 CP001902

Methanococcus aeolicus Nankai-3 1,569,000 1,554 DOE Joint Genome Institute CP000743
Methanococcus maripaludis C5 1,780,000 1,896 DOE Joint Genome Institute CP000609
Methanococcus maripaludis C6 1,744,000 1,874 DOE Joint Genome Institute CP000867
Methanococcus maripaludis C7 1,772,000 1,858 DOE Joint Genome Institute CP000745
Methanococcus maripaludis S2 1,661,137 1,722 [54] NC_005791 (NCBI Reference Sequence)
Methanococcus maripaludis X1 1,746,000 1,892 [55] CP002913
Methanococcus vannielii SB 1,720,000 1,755 DOE Joint Genome Institute CP000742
Methanococcus voltae A3 1,936,000 1,768 DOE Joint Genome Institute CP002057
Methanothermococcus okinawensis IH1 1,662,000 1,662 DOE Joint Genome Institute Chromosome CP002792

Plasmid pMETOK01 CP002793

Methanotorris igneus Kol5, DSM 5666 1,854,000 1,843 DOE Joint Genome Institute CP002737

Methanomicrobia

Species Strain Base Pairs Genes Reference GenBank identifier
Candidatus Methanoregula boonei 6A8 2,542,000 2,518 DOE Joint Genome Institute[56] CP000780
Methanocella sp. Rice Cluster I (RC-I) MRE50 3,179,916 3103 Genome sequence,[57] then taxonomic placement[58] AM114193
Methanocella paludicola SANAE 2,957,635 3004 [59] AP011532
Methanocella conradii HZ254 1,316,380 2512 [60] CP003243
Methanococcoides burtonii DSM6242 2,575,032 2,273 [61] CP000300
Methanocorpusculum labreanum Z 1,804,000 1,830 [62] CP000559
Methanoculleus marisnigri JR1, DSM 1498 2,478,000 2,560 [63] CP000562
Methanohalobium evestigatum Z-7303 2,406,232 2,254 DOE Joint Genome Institute[64] Chromosome: CP002069

Plasmid pMETEV01: CP002070

Methanohalophilus mahii SLP, DSM 5219 2,012,000 2,095 [65] CP001994
Methanoplanus petrolearius SEBR 4847, DSM 11571 2,843,000 2,881 [66] CP002117
Methanosalsum zhilinae WeN5, DSM 4017 2,138,000 2,086 CP002101
Methanosaeta concilii GP-6 3,008,000 [67] CP002565
Methanosaeta harundinacea 6Ac 2,559,000 [21] CP003117
Methanosaeta thermophila PT 1,879,000 1,785 DOE Joint Genome Institute CP000477
Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A 5,751,492 4,540 [68] AE010299
Methanosarcina barkeri Fusaro, DSM 804 4,837,408 3,607 [69] Chromosome CP000099

Plasmid 1 CP000098

Methanosarcina mazei Go1 4,096,345 3,371 [70] AE008384
Methanosphaerula palustris E1-9c, DSM 19958 2,922,000 2,859 DOE Joint Genome Institute CP001338
Methanospirillum hungatei JF-1 3,544,738 3,139 DOE Joint Genome Institute CP000254

Methanopyri

Species Strain Base Pairs Genes Reference GenBank identifier
Methanopyrus kandleri AV19 1,694,969 1,691 [71] AE009439

Thermococci

Species Strain Base Pairs Genes Reference GenBank identifier
Pyrococcus abyssi GE5 1,765,118 1,784 [72] NC_000868 (NCBI Reference Sequence)
Pyrococcus furiosus DSM 3638 1,908,256 2,065 [73] AE009950
Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3 1,738,505 2,061 [74] NC_000961 (NCBI Reference Sequence)
Pyrococcus sp. NA2 1,861,000 1,984 [21] CP002670
Pyrococcus yayanosii CH1 1,716,000 1,952 [75] CP002779
Thermococcus barophilus MP, DSM 11836 2,010,000 2,196 [76] CP002372
Thermococcus gammatolerans EJ3 2,045,000 2,206 [77] CP001398
Thermococcus kodakaraensis KOD1 2,088,737 2,306 [78] AP006878
Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 1,847,000 2,027 [79] NC_011529 (NCBI Reference Sequence)
Thermococcus sibiricus MM 739 1,845,000 2,085 [80] CP001463
Thermococcus sp. 4557 2,011,000 2,181 [81] CP002920
Thermococcus sp. AM4 2,086,000 2,279 [82] CP002952

Thermoplasmata

Species Strain Base Pairs Genes Reference GenBank identifier
Ferroplasma acidarmanus Fer1 1,865,000 1,742 [83] AABC00000000
Picrophilus torridus DSM 9790 1,545,895 1,535 [84] AE017261
Thermoplasma acidophilum DSM 1728 1,564,906 1,478 [85] NC_002578 (NCBI Reference Sequence)
Thermoplasma volcanium GSS1 1,584,804 1,526 [86] NC_002689 (NCBI Reference Sequence)

Unclassified Eurarchaeota

Species Strain Base Pairs Genes Reference GenBank identifier
Aciduliprofundum boonei T469 1,486,000 1,587 DOE Joint Genome Institute CP001941

Korarchaeota

Species Strain Base Pairs Genes Reference GenBank identifier
Candidatus Korarchaeum cryptofilum OPF8 1,590,000 1,661 [87] CP000968

Nanoarchaeota

Species Strain Base Pairs Genes Reference GenBank identifier
Nanoarchaeum equitans Kin4-M 490,885 536 [88] AE017199

Thaumarchaeota

Cenarchaeales

Species Strain Base Pairs Genes Reference GenBank identifier
Cenarchaeum symbiosum A 2,045,000 2,066 [89] DP000238
Cenarchaeum symbiosum B 2,082,000 [90] NS_000190

Nitrosopumilales

Species Strain Base Pairs Genes Reference GenBank identifier
Candidatus Nitrosoarchaeum limnia SFB1 1,769,000 2,171 [91] AEGP00000000
Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1 1,645,000 1,842 [92] CP000866

Unclassified Archaea

Species Strain Base Pairs Genes Reference GenBank identifier
halophilic archaeon sp. DL31 Unpublished[21] CP002988

See also

References

  1. ↑ Mardanov AV, Svetlitchnyi VA, Beletsky AV, Prokofeva MI, Bonch-Osmolovskaya EA, Ravin NV et al. (August 2010). "The genome sequence of the crenarchaeon Acidilobus saccharovorans supports a new order, Acidilobales, and suggests an important ecological role in terrestrial acidic hot springs". Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76 (16): 5652–7. doi:10.1128/AEM.00599-10. PMC 2918975. PMID 20581186.
  2. ↑ Kawarabayasi Y, Hino Y, Horikawa H, Yamazaki S, Haikawa Y, Jin-no K et al. (1999). "Complete genome sequence of an aerobic hyper-thermophilic crenarchaeon, Aeropyrum pernix K1". DNA Res. 6 (2): 83–101, 145–52. doi:10.1093/dnares/6.2.83. PMID 10382966.
  3. ↑ Ravin NV, Mardanov AV, Beletsky AV, Kublanov IV, Kolganova TV, Lebedinsky AV et al. (April 2009). "Complete genome sequence of the anaerobic, protein-degrading hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon Desulfurococcus kamchatkensis". J. Bacteriol. 191 (7): 2371–9. doi:10.1128/JB.01525-08. PMC 2655497. PMID 19114480.
  4. ↑ Brügger K, Chen L, Stark M, Zibat A, Redder P, Ruepp A et al. (May 2007). "The genome of Hyperthermus butylicus: a sulfur-reducing, peptide fermenting, neutrophilic Crenarchaeote growing up to 108 degrees C". Archaea 2 (2): 127–35. doi:10.1155/2007/745987. PMC 2686385. PMID 17350933. Vancouver style error (help)
  5. ↑ Podar M, Anderson I, Makarova KS, Elkins JG, Ivanova N, Wall MA et al. (2008). "A genomic analysis of the archaeal system Ignicoccus hospitalis-Nanoarchaeum equitans". Genome Biol. 9 (11): R158. doi:10.1186/gb-2008-9-11-r158. PMC 2614490. PMID 19000309.
  6. ↑ Göker M, Held B, Lapidus A, Nolan M, Spring S, Yasawong M et al. (August 20, 2010). "Complete genome sequence of Ignisphaera aggregans type strain (AQ1.S1)". Stand Genomic Sci 3 (1): 66–75. doi:10.4056/sigs.1072907. PMC 3035270. PMID 21304693. Vancouver style error (help)
  7. ↑ Anderson I, Göker M, Nolan M, Lucas S, Hammon N, Deshpande S et al. (July 1, 2011). "Complete genome sequence of the hyperthermophilic chemolithoautotroph Pyrolobus fumarii type strain (1A)". Stand Genomic Sci 4 (3): 381–92. doi:10.4056/sigs.2014648. PMC 3156397. PMID 21886865. Vancouver style error (help)
  8. ↑ Anderson I, Wirth R, Lucas S, Copeland A, Lapidus A, Cheng JF et al. (October 15, 2011). "Complete genome sequence of Staphylothermus hellenicus P8". Stand Genomic Sci 5 (1): 12–20. doi:10.4056/sigs.2054696. PMC 3236042. PMID 22180806.
  9. ↑ Anderson IJ, Dharmarajan L, Rodriguez J, Hooper S, Porat I, Ulrich LE et al. (April 2, 2009). "The complete genome sequence of Staphylothermus marinus reveals differences in sulfur metabolism among heterotrophic Crenarchaeota". BMC Genomics 10: 145. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-10-145. PMC 2678158. PMID 19341479.
  10. ↑ Spring S, Rachel R, Lapidus A, Davenport K, Tice H, Copeland A et al. (June 15, 2010). "Complete genome sequence of Thermosphaera aggregans type strain (M11TL)". Stand Genomic Sci 2 (3): 245–59. doi:10.4056/sigs.821804. PMC 3035292. PMID 21304709.
  11. ↑ You XY, Liu C, Wang SY, Jiang CY, Shah SA, Prangishvili D et al. (2011). "Genomic analysis of Acidianus hospitalis W1 a host for studying crenarchaeal virus and plasmid life cycles". Extremophiles 15 (4): 487–97. doi:10.1007/s00792-011-0379-y. PMC 3119797. PMID 21607549.
  12. ↑ Liu LJ, You XY, Zheng H, Wang S, Jiang CY, Liu SJ (July 2011). "Complete genome sequence of Metallosphaera cuprina, a metal sulfide-oxidizing archaeon from a hot spring". J. Bacteriol. 193 (13): 3387–8. doi:10.1128/JB.05038-11. PMC 3133273. PMID 21551305.
  13. ↑ Auernik KS, Maezato Y, Blum PH, Kelly RM (February 2008). "The genome sequence of the metal-mobilizing, extremely thermoacidophilic archaeon Metallosphaera sedula provides insights into bioleaching-associated metabolism". Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74 (3): 682–92. doi:10.1128/AEM.02019-07. PMC 2227735. PMID 18083856.
  14. ↑ Chen L, Brügger K, Skovgaard M, Redder P, She Q, Torarinsson E et al. (2005). "The genome of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, a model organism of the Crenarchaeota". J. Bacteriol. 187 (14): 4992–9. doi:10.1128/JB.187.14.4992-4999.2005. PMC 1169522. PMID 15995215. Vancouver style error (help)
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Guo L, Brügger K, Liu C, Shah SA, Zheng H, Zhu Y et al. (Apr 2011). "Genome analyses of Icelandic strains of Sulfolobus islandicus, model organisms for genetic and virus-host interaction studies". J. Bacteriol. 193 (7): 1672–80. doi:10.1128/JB.01487-10. PMC 3067641. PMID 21278296. Vancouver style error (help)
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 Reno ML, Held NL, Fields CJ, Burke PV, Whitaker RJ (May 26, 2009). "Biogeography of the Sulfolobus islandicus pan-genome". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106 (21): 8605–10. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.8605R. doi:10.1073/pnas.0808945106. PMC 2689034. PMID 19435847.
  17. ↑ Jaubert C, Danioux C, Oberto J, Cortez D, Bize A, Krupovic M et al. (Apr 2013). "Genomics and genetics of Sulfolobus islandicus LAL14/1, a model hyperthermophilic archaeon". Open Biol 3 (4): 130010. doi:10.1098/rsob.130010. PMC 3718332. PMID 23594878.
  18. ↑ She Q, Singh RK, Confalonieri F, Zivanovic Y, Allard G, Awayez MJ et al. (July 3, 2001). "The complete genome of the crenarchaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus P2". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (14): 7835–40. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.7835S. doi:10.1073/pnas.141222098. PMC 35428. PMID 11427726.
  19. ↑ Kawarabayasi Y, Hino Y, Horikawa H, Jin-no K, Takahashi M, Sekine M et al. (2001). "Complete genome sequence of an aerobic thermoacidophilic crenarchaeon, Sulfolobus tokodaii strain7". DNA Res. 8 (4): 123–40. doi:10.1093/dnares/8.4.123. PMID 11572479.
  20. ↑ Fitz-Gibbon ST, Ladner H, Kim UJ, Stetter KO, Simon MI, Miller JH (2002). "Genome sequence of the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilum". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (2): 984–9. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99..984F. doi:10.1073/pnas.241636498. PMC 117417. PMID 11792869.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 "GOLD".
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